SOME RECOMMENDATIONS OF ACACIA AND EUCALYPT BREEDING PROGRAMME IN VIETNAM
Nguyen Xuan Quat
Reseach Institute for Sustainable Forest Management and Forest Certification
SUMMARY
In the last two decades, 91 new advanced-technological varieties were approved by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development. It has been contributing high increment of plantations in Vietnam. However, only 5 to 6 out of these clones (such as BV10, BV16, BV32, BV33, E6, PN14) were deployed. One reason is that new elite clones were selected by growth rate for pulp and woodchip. Some important traits for high-quality sawnlog and pest and desease resistance were not paid attention. Almost genetic trials were established at 1 site or maybe 2 sites and number of trees per treatment were small as well. After approval of new elite clones, they were not tested in a bigger scale. Propagation technology of these clones were not completed, so original materials of these clones could not meet requirement of Vietnamese growers. We recommended that the breeding program should focus on selection and creaation of new varieties for diversified productions. The elite clones will be also tested in many sites. Native species, non-timber forest species and other species of Acacias and Eucalypts will be included in the breeding program for high land areas. In particular some important resistance properties to pest and desease, strong wind, flooding, drought and alkali salty are also counted. In additon, examination, checking, evaluation of social economy and environment of new varieties should be regularly done to find a suitable solution for clonal deployment.
Keywords: Tree breeding, acacia, eucalyptus
LINKING REHABILITATION AND MANAGEMENT OF WATERSHED FORESTS WITH SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN CENTRAL HIGHLANDS
Tran Van Con
Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Science
As the common roof of 3 Indochina’s countries, watersheds and basin of 11 rivers influencing not only coast southern centre and eastern south regions of Vietnam, but also Laos and Cambodia, the watershed forest system in Central Highlands plays an important role in protecting soil and water supplies, maintaining rainfall, tourism development, providing water and energy, holding biodiversity, ethical values and spiritual needs as well as livelihood of round 40 ethnics living in the region, especially the indigenous people of E De, Gia Rai, Bahnar, M’Nong, … However, watershed forests in central Highlands are still degraded in both quantity and quality due to different reasons, mostly by conversion to other land use than forestry. Therefore, targeted research to find the scientific facts and figures demonstrating tangible links between watershed forest rehabilitation and management and sustainable human development is needed and give high priority.
It will remain largely unchanged in management of watershed forests in Central Highlands unless the linkages between watershed forests conservation and sustainable development can be empirically demonstrated with science-based facts and figures. Strategic options for targeted research and development must be site and objective specific. The paper discuss 6 strategic options which could be optimized to link watershed forest conservation with sustainable development. Namely, (1) Link watershed forest conservation with potable water supply; (2) Link watershed forests with soil and water conservation, prevention of land degradation and hydrological benefits; (3) Link watershed forest conservation with climate change; (4) Link watershed forest conservation with sustainable tourism; (5) Link watershed forests with biodiversity benefits; and (6) Link watershed forests with cultures of indigenuous people.
Keywords: Central Highlands, multi-purpose management, rehabilitation, sustainable development, watershed forest.
PLANT DIVERSITY IN VAN LONG WETLAND NATURE RESERVE, NINH BINH PROVINCE
Hoang Van Sam
Vietnam Forestry University
Le Ngoc Tuyen
Forest Protection Department, Ninh Binh province
SUMMARY
The flora of Van Long wetland nature reserve, Ninh Binh province diverse in species composition, use value and conservation value. The result of research shown that there are 702 species belonging to 443 genera and 155 families has been recorded. The research has found 3 families, 11 genera and 20 species as new records for flora of Van Long. The flora with some dominant families such as Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Moraceae, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Araceae, Acanthaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Cyperaceae. The flora in Van Long also diverse in use value with 542 species has economic value, belonging to 9 commodity groups. Of them, plants used for medicinal, food and timber purposes are dominant. A total of 12 plant species are threatened at national and international level. There are 7 species are listed in Vietnam Red Data Book (2007), 6 species listed in the IUCN Red list (2011) and 5 species in Decree 32/2006 of Vietnamese government.
Keywords: Biodiversity, conservation, wetland nature reserve, plants, Van Long
ASSESSING THE DISTRIBUTION AND ENDANGERED LEVELS OF RARE AND VALUABLE WOODY TREE SPECIES AT THAN SA-PHUONG HOANG NATURAL PRESERVE, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE
Nguyen Thi Thoa
Faculty of Forestry
Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry
SUMMARY
Than Sa-Phuong Hoang Natural Preserve has proximately 1.096 plant species, of which 48 woody species being considered as rare and valuable species that need to be protected. There are 45 species were presented in the Viet Nam Red Book (2007), 10 species were cited in the Degree No 32/2006NĐ-CP – group IIA, 14 species were stated in IUCN document (2012).
The critically Endangered species are Cinnamomum parthenoxylon, Aucuba japonica (cited in Viet Nam Red Book), and Aquilaria crassna (cited in IUCN document). By conducting the survey, the author has identified the distribution of 28 species in the total of 48 rare and valuable species. However, the quanlity of these identified species is insignificant, particularly the mature individuals. The rare and valuable woody species mainly grow in the forest status of IIIa2, IIIa1, IIa, IIb, valleys, and spring banks. In the survey sites, the forest status IIIa2 is nearly undamaged and has more higher biological diversity than others. However, the quanlity of woody species has been decreased, in particular the endangered species in the study sites due to the local people’s activities. As a result, safeguard methods to save these rare and valuable species from extinction is an urgent need.
Keywords: Distribution, endanger levels, , rare and valuable , Than Sa Phuong Hoang-national Reserve, woody tree species
RESULTS FROM CUTTING PROPATION OF EUCALYPTUS GRANSIS L.
Luu The Trung, Hoang Trong Thuy, Hoang Thanh Truong, Chau Hoang Vinh
Lam Dong Silvicultural Experimentation Research Centre
Vietnamese Acacdemy of Forest Sciences
SUMMARY
Objectives of the research were to determine most appropriate growth regulator chemical and its concentration, and rooting media in cutting propagation of Eucalyptus grandis. Growth regulator treatments IAA, IBA, NAA at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% were used. The growth regulator treatments were prepared in charcoal-base powder form and applied to the base of the cutting. Tested rooting media were cleaned coarse river sand and top soil. The results showed that IBA was the most suitable treatment on cleane sand media while IAA worked well on the top soil media. There were significant differences either between IBA concentrations on cleaned sand media or between IAA concentrations on top soil media in rooting ability. After 60 days in the top soil media, rooting percentage of cuttings treated with 0.5% IAA powder gave highest percentage (75%). Rooting percentage of cuttings treated with 1% IBA powder in the cleaned coarse riversand media bed was 40% after 90 days.
Keywords:, Eucalyptus grandis , cutting propagation, rooting percentage.
ASSESSMENT OF MIXED PROTECTION FOREST PLANTATION MODEL BETWEEN Dipterocarpus alatus, Hopea odorata, Ailanthus malabarica ESTABLISHED IN SONG CAU DISTRICT, PHU YEN PROVINCE
Hoang Phu My
Management Board for Forestry projects
Vo Dai Hai
Vietnam Administration of Forestry
SUMMARY
Mixed protection forest plantation model between Dipterocarpus alatus, Hopea odorata, Ailanthus malabarica was established by KFW6 Project in December 2006 in Da Giang area, Song Cau district, Phu Yen province with total area 10 ha. Research result shows that variation of survival rate of the three tree species is very great. Tree species has the highest survival rate in 2011 is Hopea odorata with 70.4% and Dipterocarpus alatus with 64.8%, the lowest survival rate is Ailanthus malabarica with only 64.2%. The species has fastest growth of root collar diameter is Ailanthus malabarica, 5.21cm on average; The species has slowest growth of root collar diameter is Hopea odorata, only 4.53cm on average. Hopea odorata is the tree species has fastest growth in total height, 3.15m on average. Thus, in term of growth development, Ailanthus malabarica and Hopea odorata are the promising tree species in Da Giang area, Song Cau district, Phu Yen province.
Keywords: Protection forest, mixed forest, Dipterocarpus alatus, Hopea odorata, Ailanthus malabarica, Song Cau district – Phu Yen province
INFLUENCES OF DENSITY AND THINNING TECHNIQUES TO SAWING TIMBER PRODUCTIVITY OF ACACIA HYBRID PLANTATION IN EASTERN SOUTH VIETNAM
Nguyen Huy Son, Nguyen Thanh Minh
Vietnamese Academy of Forest Scicences
SUMMARY
Acacia hybrid is often planted to provide small timber for paper pulp and particle board production. But the demand for sawing timber is becoming more and more increasing so Acacia hybrid wood is also utilized for a sawing timber. Therefore, research on influences of density and thinning techniques to growth, productivity and quality of forests is necessary and playing a very important role about scientific and practical significance. Research results show that the influence of initial planting density to growth, productivity and quality of Acacia hybrid forests in the Eastern South is quite clearly. With 1.100 and 1.660 trees/ha initial planting density, after 9 years of age, current density is between 983 and 1.382 trees/ha, wood volume at density of 1.100 trees/ha is about 218,07 m3/ha, and less wood volume at density of 1.660 trees/ha than about 3,6 m3/ha, but the quality of wood at density of 1.100 trees/ha is higher: with ø≥18cm wood volume about 51,44%, while the ø≥18cm wood volume at density of 1.660 trees/ha about 34,00%. Influences of thinning techniques at different intensities to growth, productivity and quality of Acacia hybrid forests in the Eastern South is quite clearly. Initial planting density for small timber production about 1.660 trees/ha, after 4 years of age, current remaining density is from 1.312 to 1.360 trees/ha. After 8 years of thinning (12 years of age) with 4 density formulas: 1.345; 907; 724 and 532 trees/ha, the growth capacity of D1,3 and Hvn are on the increase from high density to low density formulas, but timber volume is on the decrease from low density to high density (ΣM ≈ 321,13 to 221,75 m3/ha). Although the timber volume is decrease but wood quality is increase from high-density formulas to low-density formulas, the highest ø ≥ 18cm timber volume at 532 trees/ha density is 96,35% and lowest at density of 1.345 trees/ha being 75.55%. Similarly, the wood volume of ø ≥ 25cm and ø ≥ 30cm is the highest at the lowest density formula. Therefore, thinning techniques is a transform technical solution from small timber plantation production into sawing timber plantation production can be made available for demand of plantation production now.
Keywords: Acacia hybrid for sawing timber production, density and thinning, Eastern South area
TESTING A METHOD FOR ESTABLISHING THE WATERSHED’S FOREST INVENTORY MAP USING SATELLITE IMAGE SPOT 5
Pham Van Duan, Phung Van Khoa
Forestry University
SUMMARY
The remote sensing technology and the use of high resolution satellite images have been proved to be preeminent advantages in forest investigation, especially in the process of generating an inventory map for monitoring the change of the forest type area and forest quality in our country. Using the satellite image SPOT 5, digital elevation model ASTER, other auxiliary maps and documents, combining with the traditional forest inventory, this research has created the boundary of the watershed of interest, established the signatures and interpolation keys of the forest type and forest’s timber reserves in the watershed by establishing the regression equations between the spectral reflectance in terms of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the timber reserves of each forest type, made the forest inventory map, forest type map throughout the projected watershed with the accuracy of 82% and proposed the process of creating the forest inventory map using the high resolution satellite images.
Keywords: Forest inventory, NDVI, DEM, SPOT, watershed
THE IMPACT OF THE CLIMATE AND THE INTENSITY OF SOLAR ACTIVITY TO GROWTH OF Dalbergia oliveri Pierre TREE-RING IN DAK LAK
Tran Quang Bao
Forestry University
SUMMARY
The article summarizes a research finding on the tree-ring characteristics of Cam lai vu (Dalbergia oliver Pierre) in Dak Lak Province. Tree-ring was measured on six sample trees to analyze the relationship between annual tree-ring and climatic factors and the intensity of solar activity (sun spots), as the basis for classifying suitable sites for planting Cam lai vu. Annual tree-ring of Cam lai vu changes over time, the relative index of annual tree-ring varies from 71% to 127%. Most of climatic indicators affect to the growth of Cam lai vu. The most influential factor is index of humidity. Intensity of solar activity has significantly effect on relative index of H3/11, with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.42. Based on the results achieved, the authors have classified the appropriate growing sites for Cam lai vu from three ecological factors: topography, rainfall and humidity index.
Keywords: Dalbergia oliveri, tree-ring, dendrochronology, climate, sun spots, climatical zone
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRUIT PRODUCTIVITY AND GROWTH PARAMETER OF Camellia TREE SPECIES
Hoang Van Thang, Phung Dinh Trung
Vietnamese Academy of Forest Science
Bui The Doi
Forestry University
SUMMARY
The research showed there is a linear relationship between fruit productivity and growth parameters of Camellia sasanqua Thunb species in Nghe An and Camellia oleifera Abel species in Quang Ninh province. Among growth parameters, only crown diameter produced a strong correlation with fruit productivity, data fitted the linear regressions: Y = -1.243 +1.367.Dt (R =0.784) for Camellia sasanqua Thunb species and Y = -3.650 + 3.940.Dt (R = 0.725) for Camellia oleifera Abel. Linear regression T-test for the two regression functions rejected the null hypothesis of equality in two group means (/t/ = 3,50 > tα/2 = 2.92) at a 99.99% confidence. Thus, these two functions should not be merged in one. Because of the limitation in age range of data sampling, we suggest the result to be applied to pure Camellia plantations with age and crown diameter ranging from 12-40 and 2.5-10m respectively. The linear regression functions provide basis for predicting fruit productivity of Camellia sasanqua Thunb and Camellia oleifera Abel species when crown diameter is available.
Key words: Camellia, relationship, fruit productivity, growth parameters
IIIA2 AS BASIS OF SILVICULTURAL MEASURES FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT IN SON DONG DISTRICT, BAC GIANG PROVINCE
Nguyen Van Hoan
Bac Giang University of Agriculture and Forestry
Nguyen Thi Yen
Ha Noi University of natural resource and Environment
Pham Tuan Nam
Bac Giang Department of Agriculture and Rural Development
Bui The Doi
Foresry University
SUMMARY
Research results have shown that tree species composition involved in the species community formula of the forest states which have 5-7 species. Total number of IV% ranges from 59.8 – 77.4%.Composition wood group of IIA forest state are concentrated mainly on wood group V – VII, forest state IIIA2 wood groups I, II and III accounted for 36.2%.There are two types of distribution of trees on the forest land. They are even and random distributions in dominions IIA-1. The simulation distributed NL/D, N/D as a function of Weibull distribution as reduced. Distribution of N / H by the Weibull function with a peak towards the left. Forest status IIA apply zoning measures to protect and can be combined with additional planting of some economically valueable plants under the canopy of forest. Forest state IIIA2 regulates the upper tree under the direction of increasing economically valueable timber production , pruning and intermediate exploitation of the species that do not meet the economic needs, protection, making use of the construction timber and paper materials such as fiber Engelhardtia roxburghiana, Garcinia oblongifolia.
Keywords: Forest structure, forest states IIA, IIIA2, Bac Giang province
DECENTRALIZATION AND PROPERTY RIGHTS IN NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: THEORITICAL APPROACH AND CONTEXTUALIZATION IN FOREST MANAGEMENT IN VIETNAM
Hoang Huy Tuan
Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry
SUMMARY
Although decentralization is defined by many scholars, most definitions refer to the giving of powers and rights from central government to actors at lower levels. In the context of natural resource management, decentralization mainly has taken place under two forms: political and administrative decentralization. Scholars look at decentralization and property rights from various factors, such as stakeholders, power and accountability, as well as roles, incentives and capacities of stakeholders. This paper proposes the conceptual framework for forest decentralization in Vietnam by incorporating analytical frameworks of the scholars in the World. This conceptual framework considers forest land allocation policy as entry point and change in property rights over forest as transferring from state property to common property and private property. Given such framework, we firstly identify stakeholders and their roles, incentives and capacities. Secondly, we examine how they implement rights (“bundle of rights”) over forest, including formal and informal rights. Finally, we analyze causes that lead to gaps between formal rights and informal rights.
Keywords: Conceptual Framework, Decentralization, Forest Land Allocation, Natural Resource Management, Property Rights
Study on the status and propose solutions to minimize the risk in implementing the benefit-sharing mechanism of water rattan species at Bach Ma National Park in Thuong Nhat commune, Nam Dong District, Thua Thien Hue province
Nguyen Van Loi
Hue college of Agriculture and Forestry
Nguyen Vu Linh
Bach Ma National Park
Summary
Bach Ma National Park is one of two pilot sites that were chosen to implement the benefit sharing mechanism by MARD. This is a promised process that receive strong participation and support from local communities in management and conservation of natural resources. The main purpose of this study was to assess the status and determine the risk that may occur during the implementation of benefit sharing mechanism of non-timber forest products (mainly water rattans), and to propose solutions to minimize negative impacts to natural resources. Study results showed that distribution of water rattan species related to the forest types, the distance from the residence and terrain. The high, medium and low rattan volume areas appear in rehabilitation/poor forests, shrub forests, medium/ rich forests, respectively. The water rattan distribution areas identified as benefit-sharing sites are rehabilitation/poor forests and shrub forests. Annual allowable cut of rattan was estimated based on the mean hight increment by participatory method combining indigenous knowledges of local people about morphological identification of rattan in the field. The results also identified three risks that can occur, namely over-exploitation of water rattan species, illegal logging, and illegal hunting and trapping. The results of this study not only help for the management board of Bach Ma National Park and communities implementing successfully co-management in protection and sustainable development of natural resources, but also contribute to income and improve the livelihoods of local people.
Keywords: Benefit sharing mechanism, National Park, water rattan, risk.
FINANCIAL EFFICIENCY OF ACACIA HYBRID PLANTATIONS UNDER THE MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PROTECTIONAL FOREST IN XUAN LOC, DONG NAI PROVINCE
Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen
Thu Duc Technology College
SUMMARY
This paper presents research results for financial efficiency of Acacia hybrid plantations under the Management Board for Protectional Forest in Xuan Loc, Dong Nai province. The thesis’s objectives are to evaluate the financial efficiency of Acacia hybrid plantations and to determine economically optimal logging rotation. The major study method used for evaluating was the discounted cash flow method. Several indicators were calculated such as Net present value (NPV), Benefit-cost ratio (BCR) and Internal rate of return (IRR). The research results showed that quantity mature age of Acacia hybrid plantations is at the age 6; financial mature age is at the age 7. Maximum net present value of Acacia hybrid plantations was at the age 7. Its highest benefit cost ratio was at the age 7 and its highest internal rate of return was at the age 6. The economical optimal logging rotation for Acacia hybrid plantations is at the age 6.
Keywords: Product wood, Quantity mature age, Net present value (NPV), Benefit-cost ratio (BCR), Internal rate of return (IRR), Opportunity cost of capital, Economical optimal logging rotation.
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