1. STUDY ON SILVIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME MAIN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS OF VIETNAM
Tran Van Con
Forest Science Instititute of Vietnam
SUMMARY
Successful implementation of sustainable forest management in the operational level relies on the understanding of process which occurs in natural forest ecosystems and their response to intervention. The natural forests in Vietnam have been managed for over four decades but the knowledge of such process is still limited due to a lack of data derived from permenent plots (PSP). There are three things resulted from PSP, manely diameter increment using to determine the cutting cycle and cutting diameter limit; volume increment using to determine the sustainable annual allowable cut; and stand structure dynamics to know the stand structure condition in the future. Temporal sample plots and/or stem anlyses do not provide reliable data for many tropical tree species, so data must be obtained from remeasurements on PSP. Total 64 of 1 ha PSPs were established by the Forest Science Institute of Vietnam from 2004 to 2007. These PSPs have been designed for studies on: (i) Vegetation analyses including forest structure, floristic composition and biodiversity; (ii) Forest dynamic processes such as growth, mortality and recruitment; (iii) Nutrient cycling such as litter fall, nutrient content, decomposition; (iv) Species ecology; and (v) Other dynamic properties of four tropical natural forest ecosystems (forest types) in Vietnam, namely: evergreen broad-leaved forest (40 SPS), dry dipterocarp forest (6 SPS), mangrove forest (10 SPS) and melaleuca forest (8 SPS). The analysis based on data from PSP shows following fingdings: (i) The main forming factocs and distribution areas of the 4 forest types. (ii) species composition, species diversity, forest structure of the 4 forest types. (iii) dynamics of the regeneration and succession expreessed by the changing in number of seedlings, saplings and trees by proccesses of growth, mortality and recuitment. (iv) the productivity of the forests through the average diameter increment, volume increment. And (v) the micro climate of the forest types.
Keywords: dry diptrocarps- , evergreen broad-leaved- , mangrove-, melanleuca forest, permanent plots, silvic characteristics
2. RESULTS ON SELECTION OF EUCALYPTUS CLONES FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE AND HIGH PRODUCTIVITY IN SOUTHEAST AREA
Nguyen Hoang Nghia, Pham Quang Thu
Nguyen Van Chien, Nguyen Minh Chi
Forest Science Institute of Vietnam
SUMMARY
Eucalypts, mainly Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. urophylla are the main species planted in Vietnam for pulp, chips, MDF board and saw log production. Since the late 1980’s, severe diseases, especially leaf spots and shoot blight followed by crown dieback and stem canker have been observed in eucalypt plantations in many locations. The main identified pathogens are as follows Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti, Cylindrocladium reteaudii (Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum), Mycosphaerella spp., Teratosphaeria destructans (Kirramyces destructans), Ralstonia solanacearum and Chrysoporthe cubensis. The tree improvement program for disease resistance in Vietnam began in 1996. Selection of plus trees with superior growth and without disease damage has been conducted in trials and plantations, progeny/provenance trials in diseased areas. The selected plus trees are propagated by cuttings. Eucalyptus clone trials were established in areas of high risk for diseases. Disease scores and growth measurements are implemented every year at the beginning of the dry season in November or December. Clones in the trials with very low disease index, good stem form and high mean annual increment (MAI) are selected as technical varieties for large-scale planting. Two clones with MAI greater than 20 m3/ha/yr, disease index less than 0.31 have so far been selected: SM51 and SM55 in 40 clones trial in Song May, Dong Nai province. Three clones with MAI greater than 26 m3/ha/yr, disease index less than 0.30: B28, B32 and B34 have been selected in 44 clones trial in Minh Duc, Binh Phuoc province.
Key words: Eucalypts, disease resistance, high productivity, South east of Vietnam
3. SURVEY DISTRIBUTION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS PU HUONG NATURAL RESERVE, NGHE AN PROVINCE
Nguyen Thuong Hai, Pham Hong Ban, Do Ngoc Dai
Faculty of Biology, Vinh University
SUMMARY
In this paper, medicinal plants used by minority people in Pu Hoat Reserve, Nghe An province were investigated, collected, identified and listed with 266 species, 154 genera, 79 families of 4 divisions of the higher plants. Of those, species of the Magnolophyta are dominant as they represent of 96.98% of total. Pu Hoat has 7 threatened medicinal plant species listed in the Red Book of Vietnam (2007). Their life-forms are diverse including herbs (42.11%), trees (12.41%), shrubs (31.95%), and lianas (13.53%). After the inventory, 17 groups of diseases were cured by the local people, of which 4 groups used with the largest number of species: digestion, skin, fever and lung diseases. People use parts of medicinal plant differently as leaves are used most common: 63.16%, then stems: 46.62% and roots: 8.65% and
Keys words: Diversity, nature reserve, plants, Pu Hoat.
5. CURRENT SITUATION ON PREPARATION OF ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTS FOR PLANTATION PROJECTS IN VIET NAM
Ha Thi Mung
Forest Science Institute of Vietnam
SUMMARY
Current situation on preparation of environmental impact assessment (EIA) reports for plantation projects in Viet Nam was evaluated by the Research Centre for Forest Ecology and Environment, FSIV in 2010. The results show that the legal systems relating to EIA in Vietnam is quite complete and detailed. Although from 2003 to 2009, Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment (MONRE) and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) had approved thousands of EIA reports, there was not any EIA report approved for plantation projects. Among three provinces surveyed (Quang Ninh, Phu Tho and Quang Tri), only Quang Ninh province approved nine EIA reports in this field. All these reports had followed the structure and content of guideline from MONRE but could not reach high quality. There was no legal obligation for advisory agencies which prepared the EIA reports as well as appraisal councils that approved the reports. It is necessary to enhance capacity on EIA report preparation and appraisal and environmental monitoring for investors and related agencies. Key words: Environment Impact Assessment (EIA), plantation project,
6. ASSESSMENT OF GROWTH OF EUCALYPTUS UROPHYLLA BLAKE ST IN PURE PLANTATION FOREST IN CAO LOC ENTERPRISE AS A BAISIC FOR SPECIES SELECTION FOR PRODUCTION FOREST IN LANG SON
Ta Cao Quyet
SUMMARY
The paper presents results of the research on growth of Eucalyptus urophylla on pure plantation forest of this species in Cao Loc forest enterprise, Lang Son. The main contents include: growth of Eucalyptus urophylla STBlake, evaluation of economic efficiency through indicators: NPV, BCR and IRR, a preliminary assessment through eco-efficiency indicators: intensity of erosion, species diversity index and the amount determined under forest vegetation and evaluation of social effects and evaluate the effectiveness synthesis (ECT) of eucalyptus plantation model formula WP. Rola. Research results show up on the same site conditions, the same technique measures the impact of growth but D1.3 and Hvn of PN14, U6 and Uro where markedly different studies for growth and D1.3 and Hvn of PN14 is best, U6 is the worst growth in both diameter and height. Growth D1.3 , Hvn , V and M have shown an average growth PN14 and annual growth is fastest, Growth from planted forest PN14, U6, and Uro and the caculation of invesment costs and income show that plantation PN14 provides highest economic value and the lowest is U6. Eco-efficiency is the difference between plantation PN14, U6 and Uro mainly expression of canopy cover and height of storeys tall trees, shrubs and carpets of fresh litter under the forest canopy.
Keywords: Forest plantations, native species, are age, growth and growth of planted forests, forest quality, erosion, species diversity, litter.
8. The termite species composision (Isoptera) and their harmful effect on Eucalyptus urophylla, Acacia hybryd
Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc, Nguyen Duong Khue
Bui Thi Thuy
Forest Science Instititute of Vietnam
SUMMARY
At present, Eucalyptus and Acacia species are being planted as the main species in the national planting program of Vietnam, but many young plants of these species are usually harmed by termites. With the initial research results, we have determined on species composition of termites and their harmful effect on Eucalyptus urophylla and Acacia hybryd plantation in the Northeast, Northwest and Centralhighs of Vietnam. There are 17 termite species belonging to 9 genera and 2 families to be found from 310 collected samples. The results show that the rate of E. urophylla and A. hybrid trees younger than 1 year old to be died is higher than that of the trees older 2 years and among the trial sites, the number of death trees by termite in Centralhighs is highest. In other regions, the number of damaged trees in Northwest is higher than the Northeast.
9. RESEARCH ON EFFECTS OF THE RATE WOOD FLOUR AND POLYPROPYLENE PLASTIC FOR WOOD – PLASTIC COMPOSITE PROPERTIES
Ha Tien Manh, Nguyen Bao Ngoc, Nguyen Duc Thanh, Do T.H Thanh, Ha Thi Thu
Forest Science Institute of Vietnam
Nguyen Hai Hoan
Forestry University of Vietnam
Summary
Wood-plastic composite is a mixture of wood flour and plastic. In recent years, WPCs have been researched and successfully experimented in the United States. This material has also been utilized extensively in many countries in the world including Japan, Finland, Germany, Sweden, Russia and China. WPC is used to make various products such as floorboards, doors, decks, outdoor appliances, window frames, furniture parts, sports equipments, etc. WPC can be recycled and be shaped into different forms, which are its advantages over other types of materials such as fiberboards or chipboards.Flexible thermal plastic composite based on polypropylene reinforced by bamboo-glass hybrid fiber has been researched and experimented successfully.Results of our research both theoretically and empirically contribute to further elaborate the theory of how the ratio of acacia mangium wood flour to polypropylene influences some properties of WPCs. The results would help to develop the technology process and help to decide an appropriate wood-plastic ratio used in the process. They also open up directions for future research.
Keywords: Wood – plastic composite (WPC), Wood flour, Polypropylene plastic.
10. Research on wood drying of Rhizophora apiculaca for producing flooring board
Nguyen Xuan Hien, Đo Vu ThangNguyen Thi Minh Xuan
Forest Science Institute of Vietnam
SUMMARY
Base on the wood drying theory, this research carried out an experiment on sawn timber of Duoc (Rhizophora apiculaca) with three levels of drying temperature (40 – 600C, 50 – 700C, 60 – 800C). The result attained shows that: Duoc timber has low moisture content after cutting and sawing from green wood, about 45 – 50%. During and after drying section this wood is easily cracked and the number of cracks is about 3 – 11, the width of cracks is about 0.5 – 3 mm. To get the quality of dried wood suitable for making flooring board (size of rough draft: 70* 25* 750 mm), we should dry this wood in the level of drying temperature about 40 – 600C (two grades drying).
Keywords: Rhizophora apiculaca wood, wood drying, flooring board
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