Vietnam Journal of Forest Science Number 2-2017

Nghiên cứu nhân giống vô tính  cây Ươi (Scaphium macropodum (Miq))  bằng phương pháp chiết cành

Đoàn Đình Tam
Lê Quốc Huy
Vũ Quý Đông

Research on clonal propagation of Scaphium macropodum (Miq) using marcotting method

3

Kiểm nghiệm phẩm chất gieo ươm  hạt Nghiến (Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How)  và ảnh hưởng của ánh sáng đến sinh trưởng cây con

Nguyễn Thị Bích Ngọc

Quality testing germination pelletizing of Nghien (Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How) and the effect of light intensity to survival rate and growth of knema pierrei warb

11

Phân loại thảm thực vật  rừng Vườn Quốc gia Bidoup – Núi Bà, tỉnh Lâm Đồng

Trần Thị Thanh Hương
Nguyễn Đăng Hội
Kuznetsov A.N
Đặng Hùng Cường

Classification of forests in Bidoup – Nuiba National Park, Lamdong province

20

Đặc điểm cấu trúc lâm phần có Dẻ xanh phân bố và tái sinh loài Dẻ xanh (Lithocarpus pseudosundaicus (Hickel et A. camus) Camus) tại một số tỉnh miền núi phía Bắc

Bùi Trọng Thủy
Lương Thế Dũng
Lê Văn Quang

Characterictic of stand structure and regeneration of Lithocarpus pseudosundaicus (Hickel et A.camus) Camus in some Northern Moutainous provinces

29

Nghiên cứu đặc điểm cấu trúc và tái sinh rừng tự nhiên nơi có loài Nghiến (Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How) phân bố tại Điện Biên và Sơn La

Nguyễn Thị Bích Ngọc

Structural characteristics of natural forest place that Nghien (Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How) distribution in Dien Bien and Son La

39

Nghiên cứu đặc điểm cấu trúc hình thái và phân bố của loài Vầu đắng (Indosasa angustata MC.Clure)  ở huyện Na Rì – tỉnh Bắc Kạn

Ngô Xuân Hải
Trần Công Quân

Research on morphological characteristics and distribution of Indosasa sinica C.D. Chu & C.S in Nari District, Bac Kan province

50

Đánh giá sinh trưởng một số loài cây bản địa trong mô hình trồng và làm giàu rừng ở vùng cao  một số tỉnh miền núi phía Bắc

Bùi Trọng Thủy
Hoàng Xuân Diệu
Phạm Minh Toại

Growth assessment of native species in planting and enrichment models in high areas of northern mountainous provinces

60

Đặc điểm cấu trúc  của một số trạng thái rừng tự nhiên phục hồi  tại Xăm Khòe, Mai Châu, Hòa Bình

Hoàng Văn Thắng
Cù Thị Lộc
Phùng Đình Trung
Hoàng Văn Thành

Structural characteristics of natural forest types in Xam Khoe, Mai Chau, Hoa Binh province

70

Xác định mức thích nghi của làm giàu rừng khộp bằng cây Tếch (Tectona grandis L.F.) Theo các nhân tố quan trắc trực tiếp và thực vật chỉ thị

Phạm Công Trí
Bảo Huy

Determination of suitability level of enrichment planting of teak (Tectona grandis L.F.) in the degraded dry deciduous dipterocarp forest by direct observed factors and indicator plants

81

Quan hệ giữa đặc điểm lưu vực với chế độ dòng chảy của một số lưu vực điển hình ở Việt Nam

Trần Quang Bảo
Nguyễn Văn Đoàn

Relationship between watershed characteristics and flow rate of typical watersheds in Vietnam

94

Sử dụng ảnh Landsat đa thời gian  đánh giá biến động diện tích rừng  dưới ảnh hưởng của xây dựng đập thủy điện Tuyên Quang,  tỉnh Tuyên Quang giai đoạn 2000 – 2016

Đỗ Thị Hoài Thu
Nguyễn Hải Hòa

Using multi-temporal landsat data to monitor forest cover changes under construction of Tuyen Quang hydropower dam, Tuyen Quang province during 2000 – 2016

103

Ứng dụng GIS và viễn thám  xây dựng bản đồ phân vùng thích nghi  loài sâu róm Thông (Dendrolimus punctatus) tại huyện Tĩnh Gia, Thanh Hóa

Nguyễn Hải Hòa
Phạm Việt Bắc

Application of gis and remote sensing to regionalise the pinus caterpillar (Dendrolimus punctatus) in Tinh Gia district, Thanh Hoa province

115

Các nhân tố ảnh hưởng và giải pháp hoàn thiện mô hình liên kết theo nhóm hộ trồng rừng  tại Việt Nam

Hoàng Liên Sơn
Phạm Thị Luyện
Nguyễn Gia Kiêm

Affecting factors and solutions to complete the partnership model of the household groups in tree planting of Vietnam

131

Kết quả nghiên cứu thiết kế, chế tạo thiết bị chưng cất tinh dầu hồi từ cành lá

Vũ Thị Hoàng Phương
Nguyễn Văn Dưỡng

An attemp in design and assembly of star anise distillation equipment

143

Từ khóa: Ươi, nhân giống vô tính, chiết cành

Research on clonal propagation of Scaphium macropodum (Miq) using marcotting method

Research on clonal propagation of Scaphium macropodum using marcotting method helps to actively provide breeds and improve plantation quality. Research results showed that using rooting stimulant of 1,000ppm concentration resulted the best rooting ratio of 59% and the best rooting quality of 4 roots/tree and average root length of 14cm. Using rooting stimulant of 250 ppm resulted the worse rooting ratio of 11.2%, 2 roots/tree and average root length of 6cm. Whithout using rooting stimulant, cuttings are inability rooted. In nursery, marcotted trees have average diameter and heigh increment of 0.06 cm/month and 5.5 cm/month respectively. After taking care for 12 months in the nursery, marcotted trees can be planted when they reached 60cm in height and 0.6cm in diameter and their stems turn to wood.

Keywords: Scaphium macropodum, clonal propagation, marcotting

Từ khóa: Cường độ che sáng, kiểm nghiệm phẩm chất, Nghiến, tỷ lệ sống, sinh trưởng

Quality testing germination pelletizing of Nghien (Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How) and the effect of light intensity to survival rate and growth of knema pierrei warb

Nghien (Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How) is a species of indigenous tree of high economic value. However, currently the source of seedlings that are capable of sowing in the wild is relatively scarce so research in breeding is essential to contribute to the conservation, plantation and species development. The results of the study on the quality of grafting and the effect of light on the growth of durian at nursery stage on 04 seedlings collected from mother trees distributed in two provinces of Son La and Dien Bien showed that: Net weight varies from 82.00% to 93.93%, net weight 1000 seeds ranges from 27,210 – 30,010g, the average number of seeds per kilogram can be rounded from about 33,000 seeds to 37,000 seeds and the overall average is 34,000 seeds – 35,000 seeds; The germination rate ranges from 70 – 81% and the average is 75.5%, the time to crack can be from 12.4 to 13.44 days; The best temperature for seed treatment should be 2 boiling 3 cold; the rate of germination can be attained 83.33%; The most appropriate shade intensity was 50%. After 12 months of experiment, the average survival rate was 79.17%, average height was 45.13cm and average diameter average is 4.13mm.

Keywords: Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How, growth, light shading, seed quality testing, survival rate

Từ khóa: Bidoup – Núi Bà, á nhiệt đới, kín thường xanh, thảm thực vật rừng

Classification of forests in Bidoup – Nuiba National Park, Lamdong province

Forests in Bidoup – Nuiba Bational Park have been classified by using several classification systems which dit not characterize all forest types of the park. The article focused on developing a classification system, with mapping and description of forest types of Bidoup – Nuiba National Park. Based on the ecological view of plant population of Thai Van Trung (1999) and topography of Bidoup – Nuiba National Park (Nguyen Dang Hoi, 2009), by inheritance the current forest status maps, using satellite image interpretation, field survey and inventory methods to identify the forest type, the study results showed that the Bidoup – Nuiba forests are diverse in structure characteristics and spatial distribution, with 7 main forest types, include: (1) Forest type of closed evergreen moisture subtropical low, medium mountain; (2) Forest type of closed evergreen moisture subtropical high mountain and warm temperate low mountain; (3) Evergreen mixed broad, needle leaf moisture subtropical low, medium mountain forest type; (4) Evergreen mixed broad, needle leaf moisture subtropical high mountain and warm temperate low mountain forest type; (5) Sparse needle – leave rather dry subtropical low, medium mountain forest type; (6) Bamboo forest mixed species of broadleaf trees, pure bamboo forest type and (7) Plantation forest. In particular, the evergreen mixed broad, needle leaf moisture subtropical low, medium mountain forest type, mossy forest subtype and dwarf – forest subtype at altitudes above 1,700 meters are characteristics of Bidoup mountain vegetation that are rarely found.

Keywords: Bidoup – Nuiba, evergreen, forest, subtropical

Từ khóa: Cấu trúc và tái sinh, Dẻ xanh, miền núi phía Bắc

Characterictic of stand structure and regeneration of Lithocarpus pseudosundaicus (Hickel et A.Camus) Camus in some Northern moutainous provinces

The study has been carried out in natural forests in 8 provinces of Bac Giang, Ha Giang, Ha Noi, Cao Bang, Hoa Binh, Lao Cai, Tuyen Quang, and Vinh Phuc, where De xanh naturally occurs. The result shows that Lithocarpus pseudosundaicus (Hickel et A.Camus) Camus generally distributes at the altitude of 100 – 700m of 4 natural forests of IIA, IIB, IIIA1 and IIIA3, but focuses mainly in the IIA and IIB, at the altitude lower than 500m. The forest canopy has 3 main layers with the shading level is 0.5 – 0.7. The general characteristic of the high plant layer: the density is 468 – 1,044 trees/ha; 15 – 34 species, of which 3 – 13 species join mainly the species structure fomular with the species structure index is 5.0 – 29.3%. Lithocarpus pseudosundaicus density is rather low, from 4 – 84 tree/ha, and normally occurs in a group of 2 – 5 trees. They distributes strongly at the altitude of 100 – 300m, with the density of 44 – 84 trees/ha. The regeneration density of the natural forests, where Lithocarpus pseudosundaicus occurs, is from 1,680 – 4,000 seedlings/ha; with 14 – 25 species, of which 4 – 9 speices join mainly the species structure formula; 79.7% regeneration seedlings were born by seed, 20.1% by buds. The rate of bad regeneration seedlings is 9.3%; the rate of potential seedlings having height to be higher than 2m is 12.2%. The density of Lithocarpus pseudosundaicus seedlings is 80 – 400 seedlings/ha, of which 82.7% were born by seeds, 17.3% were by buds; the rate of bad seedling of Lithocarpus pseudosundaicus is 6.6%; the rate of potential seedlings of Lithocarpus pseudosundaicus is only 6.1%. It is, therfore, necessary to apply appropriate silvicultural methods such as to remain good Lithocarpus pseudosundaicus parent trees to produce seeds, to thin un – valuable trees and seedlings… to improve the quality of forest, contributing to the improvement of quality and productivity of natural forests in the study area.

Keywords: Structure and regeneration, Lithocarpus pseudosundaicus (Hickel et A.Camus) Camus, the Northern moutainous area

Từ khóa: Đặc điểm cấu trúc, Điện Biên, Nghiến, rừng tự nhiên, Sơn La

Structural characteristics of natural forest place that Nghien (Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How) distribution in Dien Bien and Son La

Nghien (Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How) is a large tree species, distributed and naturally growing in limestone karst areas below 1000m in Northern of Viet Nam and Guangxi province, Yunnan province, China. Merchus is a rare species of Group IIA of Decree 32/2006/ ND/CP of the Government of Vietnam and the UV group – will be endangered in the Vietnam Red Book 2007. In the structure of highland forest, In Son La and Dien Bien, Nghien belonged to the group of dominant ecological species and had the largest number of individuals compared with other species in the stand with IV% ranged from 13.86% to 36.62% and coefficient (Ki%) from 9.33% to 21.75%; The diameter of D_1.3 is from 13.8 to 54 cm, the height of H_vn ranges from 8.6 to 22.6m. Species with the highest probability of occurrence are Shrimp (0.83) and Flowering (0.77). The regeneration layer density ranges from 5,900 to 7,300 trees per hectare, with the potential regeneration of 73 to 88% of the regenerated trees in the stands, of which regeneration remains the dominant species. The composition of the coefficient (Ki) ranged from 6.06% to 36.36%.

Keywords: Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How, Dien Bien, nature forest, Son La, structure

Từ khóa: Bắc Kạn, cấu trúc, hình thái, Na Rì, phân bố, Vầu đắng

Research on morphological characteristics and distribution of Indosasa sinica C.D. Chu & C.S in Nari District, Bac Kan province

Indosasa angustata (Indosasa angustata Mc.Clure) is bamboo species trunk grows underground dispersed, gas trunk grows dispersed, This is multi – purpose tree species natural distribution Midlands provinces in the Northern mountainous country. Research results achieved the following: (1) Structural morphological characteristics: Gas trunk (stem diameter D₀₀ từ 5 – 8.5cm, tree height H_vn 14.65m; walls of gas trunk in the original way 1.3m thick 1.13cm, up to paragraph 5.0m walls of gas trunk thick 0.89cm and up to paragraph 10m walls of gas trunk thick 0.63m; Underground stems divided into 10 – 12 burning, the long burning bamboo 2.3 – 2.5cm, diameter reached from 1.8 – 2.4cm, underground trunk located at depths 30 – 40cm, rising out of the ground when the green; bough and branch (about 1/3 of the trunk and older branches trunk emerging chicken thighs, branches create an angle from 30 – 450 versus gas trunk, Chicken thighs spike to around 1.14 – 1.60cm); There is in addition the research results: structure leaf, cataphyll, fruit…(2) Species distribution Indosasa angustata: Monoculture Indosasa sinica forests topographic location; monoculture Indosasa angustata forests by forest conditions; (3) A number of measures proposed silvicultural for business organization pure Indosasa angustata Forest in Na Ri district, Bac Kan province towards sustainable forest development.

Keywords: Bac Kan, structure, morphology,
Na Ri, distribution, Indosasa angustata

Từ khóa: Cây bản địa, miền núi phía Bắc, sinh trưởng, vùng cao

Growth assessment of native species in planting and enrichment models in high areas of Northern mountainous provinces

The study was carried out in high areas (700 – 1.200m above sea level) of the Northern mountainous provinces of Cao Bang, Yen Bai and Son La. The results show that the native species (Betula alnoides Buch. -Ham., Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) Burttet Hill, Lithocarpus fissus Champ. ex Benth, Alnus nepalensis D, Altingia siamensis Craib) planted with exotic species (Eucalyptus urophylla, Acacia melanoxylon) are potential, as the survival rate is 80 – 90%; 38 months after planting, diameter (D_1.3) is 3.3 – 5.3cm, height (H_vn) is 2.6 – 4.6m, crown diameter (D_t) is 1.3 – 2.3m, productivity is 0.36 – 1.56 m³/ha/year. Regarding the planting mixture of native species with Acacia, native species grow faster than those mixed with Eucalyptus. Growth of native species in models planted in enrichment models with width of clear band and remained band are 1/3 tree height (width 4m) is better than that of native speces planted in width of clear band and remained band are ½ tree height (width 6m). 38 moths after planting, productivity of native species in enrichment models planted by big seedlings (height is more than 1m) is 0.28 – 1.22 m³/ha/year, higher than that of smaller seedlings (0.4 – 0.6m in height) with the productivity is 0.12 – 0.66m³/ha/year or seedlings (0.6 – 1m in height) with the productivity is 0.18 – 0.99m³/ha/year.

Keywords: High areas, native species, Northern mountainous areas, growth

Từ khóa: Đặc điểm, cấu trúc, Hòa Bình, phục hồi, rừng tự nhiên

Structural characteristics of natural forest types in Xam Khoe, Mai Chau, Hoa Binh province

The results of the study on the structural characteristics of three forest types of IIA, IIB, IIIA managed by local community in Xam Khoe, Mai Chau, Hoa Binh show that, the natural forest types in the study area is poor and medium forest with the average criteria of stands are: density 811 – 955 trees ha, diameter from 12.4 – 19.5cm; height from 9.8 – 12.4m; the basal area is 13.1 – 18.8m² ha ^{– 1} and the yield is 74.4 – 130.8m³ ha ^{– 1}. There are 61 species in IIA type, 62 species in IIB and 57 species in IIIA type, of which 4 to 9 dominate species appear in the species formation. The restoration natural forest types in the study area has formed 6 plant dominions. With 95% confidence it can be concluded that the N/D_1.3 distribution of the standards in the study area were fitted the Distance Distribution and most of them are distributed in cluster distributions. The regeneration of regenerated trees (trees with D_1.3 < 6cm) in regenerated forest types in the study area is relatively good, ranged from 5,844 – 7,700 trees/ha. A large proportion (56.0 – 71.5%) is a regeneration tree with a diameter less than 1cm. The number of dominant regenerated tree species are present in the species formula varies considerably between sample plots (3 to 15 species) and between forest types (3 – 7 species). Regenerated trees in all plots of forest types have cluster distribution.

Keywords: Characteristics, Hoa Binh, natural forest, structure, restoration

Từ khóa: Cây tếch, làm giàu rừng, mức thích nghi, rừng khộp, thực vật chỉ thị

Determination of suitability level of enrichment planting of teak (Tectona grandis L.F.) in the degraded dry deciduous dipterocarp forest by direct observed factors and indicator plants

After years of unsustainable logging, the dry deciduous dipterocarp forest (DDDF) has become poor in timber stocks and it has been converted to industrial crops such as rubber. The objectives of this study were to assess teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) tree establishment under degraded DDDF conditions and to determine direct observed factors that influence the suitability of teak as a forest enrichment tree species. A set of 42 experimental plots of 4,900 m² each (including 64 ecological plots) was set up and observed for 4 – 5 years for testing enrichment planting with teak under various combinations of factors. Weighted, nonlinear, multivariate regression models were used to detect key factors that influenced the suitability of teak. As a result, under extreme ecological and environmental conditions of the DDDF, enrichment planting with teak gave promising results with four suitability levels; and the results also showed that four direct observed factors that affected the suitability of teak were waterlogging during the rainy season; the presence of Eupatorium odoratum L., which indicated good growth potential for teak; percentage of small stone coverage and dominant tree species.

Keywords: Dipterocarp forest, enrichment planting, indicator plant, teak suitability level

Từ khóa: Tốc độ dòng chảy, đỉnh lũ, lưu vực, đặc điểm lưu vực

Relationship between watershed characteristics and flow rate of typical watersheds in Vietnam

This paper presents summary results of a study of relationship between watershed characteristics (size, perimeter, slope, shape) and flow regime (increasing and decreasing flow rates; flow coefficient of variation, time lag to peak flow) in 17 typical watersheds in Vietnam. The watershed characteristics are calculated from the DEM, the flow indices are calculated based on flow monitoring data at the outlet of the watersheds in 2010. The study watersheds are varying in both basin characteristics and flow indices. The results of statistical analysis on the effect of catchment characteristics on flow characteristics are as follows: watershed size, perimeter, shape index are directly significant with increasing and decreasing flow rate, flow coefficient of variation (r > 0.5). The time lag to peak flow is not significant with watershed perimeter and shape. Average slope and shape of watersheds are not significant related to any runoff indices.

Keywords: Flow rate, peak flow, watershed, watershed characteristics

Từ khóa: Biến động, diện tích rừng, đập thủy điện, Landsat, Tuyên Quang

Using multi-temporal landsat data to monitor forest cover changes under construction of Tuyen Quang hydropower dam, Tuyen Quang province during 2000 – 2016

Remote sensing technology and GIS has been intensively and extensively applied in the field of monitoring and evaluating the natural resources and environment, in particular in quantifying the changes in forest covers driven by the social and economic factors. By using GIS technology together with the use of Landsat images, the study has quantified and assessed the changes in forest extents under the construction of Tuyen Quang hydropower dam in the period of 2000 – 2016. The study indicated that forest extents in Tuyen Quang hydropower dam area have significantly changed, forest areas decreased by 946.54 ha during the period of 2000- 2016. In particular, in the period 2002 – 2007, forest areas lost about 883.44ha, mainly due to the construction of Tuyen Quang hydropower dam.

Keywords: Changes, forest extents, Landsat, hydropower dam,
Tuyen Quang

Từ khóa: Bản đồ phân vùng, dịch sâu róm thông, GIS, huyện Tĩnh Gia, viễn thám, Thanh Hóa

Application of gis and remote sensing to regionalise the pinus caterpillar (Dendrolimus punctatus) in Tinh Gia district, Thanh Hoa province

Pinus merkusii is one of highly economic value species and its resin is used in many industries. A large-scale plantation of single pine species poses a high risk of epidemic outbreak of pest and disease in Tinh Gia, Thanh Hoa province. Therefore, pest and disease control is essential in the study site. Caterpillars mostly harm pine species, their ability to rapid reproduction and short time growth may lead to extremely destructive consequences of pine forests. Using GIS and remote sensing technologies to regionalize favourable zones of pine caterpillar development is crucial to drive timely prevention measures of widespread epidemics for Tinh Gia district. The results show that a group of factors which directly affect the growth and development of pine caterpillars include temperature, humidity, food, sunlight and elevation. In particular, the temperature factor is one of the most important and influential factors as it changes monthly and yearly, while other remaining factors are less influential and unlikely to change over the time. Moreover, the study has identified the location with a high-density caterpillar in Tinh Gia district by using overlaying approaches in ArcGIS 10.2. More importantly, findings show that the state of pine caterpillar development is at a safe level and is unlikely to be a widespread occurrence of any outbreak in 2015. The highly dense populated areas account for only a small percentage of 2.7% of total of studied areas, while there is largely 70.4% of the area without facing a risk of widespread occurrence of pine epidemic outbreak. This result provides a scientific basis for forecasting the possible occurrence of epidemic pine caterpillar in coming years under the context of global warming, which temperature factor is influential to a epidemic breakout of pine caterpillar.

Keywords: Caterpillar, epidemic outbreak, GIS, pine, remote sensing, Tinh Gia district, Thanh Hoa

Affecting factors and solutions to complete the partnership model of the household groups in tree planting of Vietnam

Partnership model based on household group in tree planting was surveyed in Phu Tho, Quang Tri, Quang Nam and Binh Dinh. The research results show that the model is quite diversified, with different association levels ranging from simple, loose as the model in Phu Tho to the higher level and stricter performance of the FSC partnership model in Quang Tri, Quang Nam and Binh Dinh. The results of the analysis and assessment of internal and external factors is affecting the model. It has shown that these household groups could be formed and developed by supporting of the system of policy, the interest and the participation of local authorities and social organizations at local and international level to orient the development of household groups in accordance with the requirements of reality. At the same time, the internal strength of the household group itself must be very important to raiseawareness of the household on the benefits of the partnership model to build strong linkages within the household groups through strong rules; fund raising to maintain the activities of the model and organize in effective way of the partnership model.

Từ khóa: Thiết bị chưng cất tinh dầu Hồi từ lá, trans – anethol, hồi lưu dịch ngưng

An attemp in design and assembly of star anise distillation equipment

The distillation equipment for branches, leaves of Star anised was designed and manufactured to match the material and working practices in mountainous region. The operation principle was water distillation with reflux of condensate. Cooling unit was shell and tubes heat exchange type, consisted of 37 tubes, total cooling surface area 5.5m². Its had both compact construction and good efficiency of water/oil phase separation, assuring high distillation capacity and essential oil quality. In the preliminary test, the equipment operated effectively, the average output was 1.04%, trans – anethol content in essential oil reached 78%. The equipment could contribute increasing the usage of non – timber forest products manufacture.

Keywords: Distillation equipment for branches, leaves of star anise, trans – anethol, reflux condensate