NURSERY MANAGEMENT AND CULTURE OF BROWNLOWIA TABULARIS
Tran Huu Bien1 and Vu Thi Lan2
1 Forest Sciences Institute of Vietnam
2 University of Forestry, Dong Nai Campus.
SUMMARY
Brownlowia tabularis is a valued native tree species used for furniture and for decoration. Planting stock is normally raised from seed in the nursery and this paper describes some of the processes for raising suitable planting material.
The seeds of B. tabularis are only viable for a short period after collection and should be either sown immediately into the nursery or stored at 50C for no more than one month. Even with this short storage period, germination success drops to 50%.
For effective germination, seeds should be soaked in warm water (600C) for one hour and then planted into a nursery medium consisting of soil, coconut fibre and Song Gianh organic fertilizer, 5:4:1.
Best nursery growth is achieved under a 25% shade regime.
Keywords: Brownlowia tabularis, Germination, Shading, Potting mix, Nursery
NURSERY MANAGEMENT AND CULTURE OF CINNAMOMUM OBTUSIFOLIUM.
Nguyen Huy Son1 and Nguyen Van Tien2
1 Forest Sciences Institute of Vietnam
2 Forest Protection Department, MARD
SUMMARY
Cinnamomum obtusifolium A. Chev is a native, evergreen broadleaf tree species with high economic, social and environmental values, which can be interplanted in natural forests, plantations and agroforestry systems.
Recommended nursery practice for C. obtusifolium is for seedlings to be treated with an 5% solution of NPK fertilizer (5:10:3) rather than the alternative to using a dilute solution of manure to achieve higher survival rate and tree base diameter and height growth.
Protection of developing seedlings requires a shade cover of 50% during the first two months after sowing before reducing the shading to 25% until the seedlings are six months old. Beyond six months, seedlings can be exposed to full sunlight before planting in the field.
Keywords: Cinnamomum obtusifolium seedling, Top dressing fertilizing, Light regime, Growth.
FIELD ESTABLISHMENT OF AILANTHUS TRIPHYSA (DENNST) ALSTON IN BINH PHUOC AND KHANH HOA
Pham Van Bon, Pham The Dung and Kieu Manh Ha
Forest Sciences Institute of Vietnam
SUMMARY
Ailanthus. Triphysa is a tree species occurring naturally in Vietnam and is planted in natural forests and in plantations.
Research indicates that best results are obtained when planting six-month seedlings (basal diameter 6 mm, height 50 cm) compared to planting one year old seedings. A planting density of 1,100 stems per hectare, accompanied by chemical weed control and basal fertilizer application of 100g of F4 (NPK 0:0:0) and 200g
When comparing seeds from sources at Tuyen Quang or Phu Yen, the former material had superior growth and survival.
Keywords: Planting Ailanthus triphysa, Binh Phuoc, Khanh Hoa provinces
DETERMINING SILVICULTURE TECHNIQUES FOR GROWING ACACIA HYBRID FOR SAWLOG PRODUCTION IN SOUTHERN VIETNAM
Pham The Dung1, Kieu Tuan Dat1, Vu Đinh Huong1, Le Thanh Quang1 and Chris Beadle2
1 Forest Sciences Institute of Vietnam
2 CSIRO, Private Bag 12, Hobart, Australia 7001.
SUMMARY
The Forest Sciences Institute of Vietnams in collaboration with Australian partners has undertaken an ACIAR funded project titled “Optimising silvicultural management and productivity of high-quality acacia plantations, especially for sawlogs”.
This report presents the results to four years for trials in Binh Long District, Binh Phuoc Province on the fertilizing, pruning and thinning of Acacia hybrid to optimize tree size and form to produce sawn timber economically.
Early results, to four years, indicate a response to Phosphorus fertilizer (50kg/ha P) at planting, with limited responses post planting.
Growth responses to thinning were observed with thinning at either age two or three years, with better diameter growth when thinned at two years compared to three years.
Keywords: Acacia hybrid, Sawlog, Fertilizer, Pruning, Thinning
REVITALIZATION OF RHIZOPHORA APICULATA MANGROVE PLANTATIONS FOLLOWING DECLINE.
Pham The Dung
Forest Sciences Institute of Vietnam
SUMMARY
The rehabilitation and restoration of the Can Goi Mangrove Forest commenced 30 years ago. While initially successful, tree growth has slowed resulting in the trees becoming susceptible to attacked by plant diseases and insect pests.
Trees are also showing signs of stress and mortality with many trees having fallen over. Causes of the decline may be the result of poor soil fertility and prolonged water logging.
Soil analyses indicate that the soils contain high levels of Aluminum, Iron and Sulphate, especially in low lying areas.
Water analyses indicate that pH and dissolved oxygen status were less than required for healthy aquatic habitats.
Various silvicultural alternatives have been established to determine if the forest can be returned to a healthy condition.
Keywords: Mangrove protection forest, Silvicultural.
FORAL CHARACTERISTICCS OF THE MOIST TROPICAL CLOSED EVERGREEN FORESTS OF THE TAN PHU PROTECTION MANAGEMENT AREA, DONG NAI PROVINCE
Phan Minh Xuan
Forest Faculty Nonglam University
SUMMARY
The moist tropical closed evergreen forests of the Tan Phu protection management area contain a rich and diversified foral biodiversity. The dominant species belong to the following families: Dipterocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Annonaceae and Tiliaceae. Of the 71 species recorded there, five species are registered in Vietnam Red Book as endangered and threatened species.
The forest consists ot two dominant associations:
1. Irvingia malayana + Dipterocarpus dyeri + Shorea roxburghii + Shorea guiso, and;
2. Lagerstroemia calyculata + Dipterocarpus alatus + Diospyros variegata + Dipterocarpus dyeri + Irvingia malayana.
Typically the forest consists of three strata; upper, middle and lower.
The middle statum contains the greatest diversity in terms of species (66%) and stem numbers, with 20% of the species in the lower stratum and the remaining 14% represented in the upper stratum.
Assessment of crown projection, using the David and Richards method, indicated that canopy closure approached 0.74 (scale 0 to 1).
Counts of regenerating seedlings varied from 13,639 to 18,667 seedlings per hectare.
Keywords: Protective forest, Species composition, Canopy coverage, Domanant combination, Regeneration
ESTABLISHMENT THE BASIS SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION FOR RECOMMENDING SIVICULTURAL MESUREMENTS FOR NATURAL FOREST IN BUFERZONE OF THE CHU MOMRAY NATIONAL PARK, KONTUM
Huynh Van Chung
Kon Tum College of Economy and Engineering
SUMMARY
To provide the basis scientific information for recommending silvicultural measurements for sustainable forest managment in buffer zone of Chu Mom Ray national park, the study researched some structural and regeneration characteristics of some forest status (IIB, IIIA1, IIIA2, IIIA3) in Ro Koi commune. The research results show that: the composition of the timber species varied from different forest status. The number of tree species is from 20 to 45, and the species number of the forest status IIIA3 is smallest (20 species). Because in this kind of status, the stands have had quite long time to recover, the canopy of stands has been closed leading to the decreasing of several pioneer tree species. The distribution of the number of species and the diameter are very complicated but still shown clearly the left peak deviation, the value of the experimental distribution line mostly decrease at arround 0-15cm. The distribution of the number of trees and the number of species are also in left peak deviation. The peak of the curved line focuse at arround 9-18m in height, especieally 9-12m. At these heigh values, the canopy of each tree is intersectant, so leading to the competition of nutrient space of these trees. Thus, while managing forest, the inappropriatness of the trees distribution as well as species contribution according to height class to create the oppertunity for forest to improve. The generation situation of these forest status above is well. The comparison between the compostion of generation trees and the timber species do not vary much. It is proved that, the rehabilitation of these forest status above can be implemented.
Keywords: Buffer zone, Chu Momray national park, Diameter distribution, Height distribution Regeneration characteristic, Species composition.
SCREENING FOR ANTAGONISTIC ENDOPHYTES AND ANTIFUNGAL COMPOUNDS FROM ACACIA MANGIUM CLONES AS POTENTIAL PROTECTION AGAINST PINK DISEASE AND CROWN WILT, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE
Pham Quang Thu, Nguyen Hoang Nghia, Tran Xuan Hung and Nguyen Van Nam
Forest Sciences Institute of Vietnam
SUMMARY
Acacia mangium is an increasingly important plantation species in Vietnam providing industrial wood for domestic and export markets. Pink disease caused by Corticium salmonicolor and crown wilt caused by Ceratocystis spp. are serious threats to plantation productivity in Thua Thien Hue. A number of antagonistic endophytes and antifungal compounds in A. mangium have the potential to provide resistance to these pathogens.
Using a trial planted in 2009 with 35 clonal varieties of A. mangium in Thua Thien Hue Province as a source of genetic material, samples were collected to later isolate fungal and bacterial endophytes and for extracting methanol and ethylene chloride soluble foliar chemical compounds from the phyllodes.
Sampling consisted of taking small twigs (1 cm in diameter and about 10 cm in length) and phyllodes (about 1 kg) from one tree in each of the clones in the field trial.
A number of fungal (13) and bacterial (8) agents were identified from the twig samples. These and the extracted chemical compounds from the phyllodes were then applied to cultures of Ceratocystis spp. and Corticium salmonicolor and incubated before an assessment of their effect on the growth of bacteria or the fungi.
Of the eight bacterial strains and 13 fungal strains isolated from the various A. mangium clones, all the fungal strains and only two of the bacterial strains showed antifungal properties against Ceratocystis spp. While only seven fungal strains and one bacterial strain expressed antifungal properties against Corticium salmonicolor in vitro.
Extracts taken from the phyllodes showed that 26 of the A. mangium clones had high (40-60%) or very high (>60%) suppression of the diameter growth of Ceratocystis spp. in culture. However extracts from only 18 clones showed high or very high antifungal suppression of growth of Corticium salmonicolor in culture.
Combining the results of the endophytic and chemical extract results, 28 of the A. mangium clones (AMD01, AMD02, AMD04, AMD05, AMD06, AMD07, AMD08, AMD09, AMD10, AMD11, AMD12, AMD13, AMD14, AMD15, AMD16, AMD18, AMD19, AMD20, AMD22, AMD24, AMD25, AMD27, AMD29, AMD31, AMD32, AMD33, AMD34 and AM35) showed promising antifungal properties against the two pathogens tested.
These results will now be applied under field conditions to determine the resistance levels of the clonal A. mangium to these two pathogens.
Key words: Acacia mangium, Antifungal compounds, Ceratocystis sp., Corticium salmonicolor, endophytes, Diease resistance.
STATUS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT BY PEOPLE’S COMMUNE COMMITTEES, LUC NAM DISTRICT, BAC GIANG PROVINCE
Nguyen Van Tung
SUMMARY
Progressively management of forested land has been devolved to the community. In Luc Nam District, Bac Giang Province, the People’s Commune Committees manage 1,417 ha of forest. Three Communes are involved: Luc Son (500 ha), Nghia Phuong (767 ha) and Cam Ly (150 ha).
Much of the managed area consists of low yielding natural forest and bare land requiring rehabilitation.
Current management has involved educating the community on forest management issues including a ban on further deforestation, and with the District Inter-sectoral Delegation, inspections, prevention of violations and encroachment, deforestation and illegal logging.
Funding is provided by Project 661 and support from the management of Suoi Mo ecotourism and the management of western Yen Tu nature reserve.
Keywords: Forest and forest land management, Commune People’s Committee, Luc Nam district, Bac Giang province
IMPACT OF POPULATION ON THE FOREST RESOURCES IN AND ADJACENT TO THE KON KA KINH NATIONAL PARK, GIA LAI PROVINCE.
Nguyen Danh and Nguyen Van Vu
SUMMARY
The Kon Ka Kinh National Park in Gia Lai Province has been recognized since 2003 as an ASEAN Heritage Park because of its significant biodiversity values. However there are significant numbers of people who depend on the park for the livelihood and survival.
Without proper management and advice to these people, there is a risk of further degradation of the park and the surrounding forest.
Keywords: National Park, Livelihood, Forest resources.
NUTRITIONAL COMPONENTS OF ALEURITES MOLUCCANA SEED OIL
Luong Van Tien, Vu Hoang Phuong and Hoang Van Thang
Forest Sciences Institute of Vietnam
SUMMARY
Aleurites moluccana (Vietnamese name is Lai) is a valuable multipurpose tree species which occurs from northern to central Vietnam.
Its seeds provide an ideal source of an oil with a high content of unsaturated fatty acids. Compressed seeds in the form of a seed cake can be fed to livestock as a nutritional supplement. In addition, the leaves, flowers, resin from young branches are used as a traditional medicine and the wood can be used to make furniture.
The major chemical composition of the oil extracted from the seeds of A. moluccana is fatty acids; up to 91%. The main unsaturated fatty acids are linoleic acid (22-41%), linolenic acid (11-29%) and oleic acid (14-40%).
The seeds also contain alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids compounds. These are also promising sources, rich in n-3 unsaturated fatty acids, which are beneficial to health.
Keywords: The oil of Aleurites moluccana, Unsaturated acide, Chemical component.
PRODUCTION OF A SYNTHETIC UREA FORMALDEHYDE FOR USE IN THE WOOD PANELS INDUSTRY
Nguyen Van Dinh and Pham Van Tien
Forest Sciences Institute of Vietnam
SUMMARY
We have developed a synthetic Urea Formaldehyde (UF) suitable for use in the wood based panels industry. Testing of the compound adhesive met the standard criteria for UF used by the industry.
We have also developed a manufacturing process for the synthetic adhesive capable of production in 100 kg batches.
Keywords: Urea Formaldehyde Adhesive
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