Evaluation of[easingsliderlite] genetic diversity in Acacia mangium clonal seed orchards by using microsatellite markers
Le Son, Duong Thi Hoa
and Ha Huy Thinh
Forest Science Institute of Vietnam
SUMMARY
Simple-sequence-repeat (SSR) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of 100 clones of A. mangium growing in clonal seed orchards (CSO) at Ba Vi and Cau Hai.
The mean expected and observed heterozygosities were 0.437 and 0.495 respectively. The average number of alleles observed with each marker was 3.078 against while the expected number of 2.731. As heterozygosity was greater than expected, there was limited evidence of inbreeding in these orchards.
The actual rate of inbreeding was about 14% and using that genetic information it was possible to assign the eight provenances present in the CSOs, into 4 groups: one containing five provenances (Wipin, Cardwell SO, Claudie River, Derideri, Kini) and three containing only one provenance each. We believe these orchards, which contain 100 clones of A. mangium, have sufficient genetic diversity and potential for outcrossing to be suitable for seed production.
Keywords: Acacia mangium, Genetic diversity, Microsatellite markers, Clonal seed orchard .
SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF MANGROVE FLORA ON THE THUA THIEN
HUE COAST
Hoang Cong Tin and
Mai Van Pho
Hue
College of Sciences, Hue University
SUMMARY
Mangroves at Ru Cha, Tan My tourist area, Bu Lu estuary and around Lap An coastal lagoon constitute a mangrove flora that contributes to the biodiversity in the coastal region referred to as the Thua Thien Hue (TT-Hue) coast. This paper presents a
comprehensive description of the species composition and distribution of the mangrove flora of the TT-Hue coast.
Analysis of survey data and GIS information identified approximately 30 hectares of mangroves in the TT-Hue coast area. The area contains 50 mangrove species belonging to two phyla, 31 families and 42 genera in the study area. Of these, three mangrove species were reported for the first time in the Ru Cha and Bu Lu estuaries.
In terms of species diversity, the areas were ranked from most to least diverse in order Ru Cha, Tan My, Bu Lu and Lap An.
These results become the quantitative basis for conservation and restoration strategies of these important mangrove areas to protect and enhance the biodiversity and for the planning for climate change adaptation to protect plant and human communities in the T-Hue’s coastal area.
Keywords: Thua Thien Hue’s mangrove flora, Species composition, Distribution characteristics
PROPERTIES OF POPULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF PINUS KREMPFII H.LEC IN LAM DONG PROVINCE
Nguyen Thanh Men
Lam Dong Silvicultural
Expermentation Resarch Centre
SUMMARY
Pinus krempfii Lecomte is a rare and endangered species, endemic to Vietnam. It is listed on the IUCN Red List of endangered species as EN (endangered) and V (Vulnerable) in the Vietnam Red Book.
P. krempfii has a very restricted distribution occurring in the Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park and at Đa Nhim in Lam Dong Province with a few other isolated occurrences at Chu Yang Sin-Dac Lac, Hon Ba-Khanh Hoa and Nui Chua regions in Ninh Thuan Province.
In Lam
Dong Province, P. krempfii occurs as individual trees or in scattered clumps in association with mixed broad-leaf and conifer
forests in the altitude range of 1400–1900 m. While more than 1,000 individuals were located, most were in clumps of about 20 trees, with the maximum number being less than 250 plants.
Most plants were mature to over mature trees (over 80 cm in diameter) with 23-36% showing disease or decaying with hollows. There was generally a lack of regeneration around mature trees, suggesting that this species has a poor regenerative capacity, making the survival of the species problematic without intervention.
Keywords: Conifer, distribution, Pinus
krempfii H. LEC, Population characteristic, The Vietnam Red Book.
Potential for of some non-timber forest products species in Cao Bang province
Le Van Thanh, Nguyen
Quang Hung and Ha Van Nam
Forest Science Institute of Vietnam
SUMMARY
The forests of Cao Bang Province, a mountainous Province in northern Vietnam, cover approximately 80% of the land area, are an important source of non-timber forest products (NTFP). Several plant species provide a major source of income for many households in the Province. Unfortunately many households do not have the skills and knowledge to properly manage these species which results in reduced productivity, quality and income that is potentially possible.
The edible bamboo, Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz. (Moso Bamboo), can be regularly managed and harvested without any tending or addition of fertilizers and can generate potentially 8 million VND per hectare per year.
However, unsustainable harvesting has resulted in a fall in quality and yield in the region.
A forest species, Canarium tramdenum C.D.Dai & Yakovlev (Chinese Black Olive), can be harvested from these forests and potentially yield 45-54 million VND per hectare per year. Demand for the fruits of this species exceeds supply, hence the high value. However,
because the local farmers and people have not been fully trained in managing C. tramdenum, there is a wide variation in productivity
and quality of fruit. Skills in seedling selection, tending and fertilizing are needed.
Illicium verum Hook. f. (Star Anise) is also a valuable spice, but this
species also has problems productivity and quality. Potentially I. verum can yield 11-13 million VND per hectare per year, but
while local households make good seedling selections, tending and fertilizers
management is poorly understood and production of I. verum is declining in the Province.
Keywords: NTFP, Seedling selection, Tending,
Fertilizing.
PROTECTING SOIL FERTILITY TO IMPROVE EUCALYTUS PLANTATION YIELD
Pham The Dung and
Kieu Tuan Dat
Forest Science Institute of Vietnam
SUMMARY
Management of forest harvesting
slash is an important principle to maintain and improve soil fertility and its
resultant benefits on plantation productivity.
A
series of research plots has been established to compare the growth of Eucalyptus on sites that have been: (a)
burnt to removal all residue/slash (control), (b) all residue/slash removed,
(c) removal of only residue/slash associated with harvested trees, and (d) a
treatment where twice the normal level of residue has been added and retained.
Results
show that Eucalyptus height growth
for each of the above treatments was 14.8%, 10.3% and 33.9% more than the
control treatment and that diameter growth was 10.6%, 28.2% and 40.4% greater
than the control.
Growth
can also be increased by addition of Nitrogen and Phosphorous fertilizers and
with weed control.
This
study is a collaboration between FSIV, the Centre for International Forest
Research and of the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development (MARD).
Keywords:Site management, Nutrition,
Soil fertility, Productivity plantation.
EVALUATINGTHENORMAL
FORM FACTORTO
DETERMINE TREE VOLUME FOR SOME MAIN COMMERCIAL TREE SPECIES IN CENTRAL HIGHLANDS
Phung Nhue Giang and
Vu Tien Hinh
Forestry University
SUMMARY
Calculating tree volume
of individual standing trees
using the normal form factor has been used widely in Vietnam. However, development of
volume tables for estimating standing volumes of individual trees in natural
forests in the Central Highlands
requires validation.
A dataset comprising measurements from
1,556
felled trees covering 29 tree species was used to compare the derived volume using the form factor
equation with actual volume. In general volume
can be predicted using diameter and height with the prediction error being less
than approximately 4%, and on average within 1.8% of true volume.
Keywords: Normal form factor, Standing
tree volume, Volume error, Normal distribution.
IMPROVING PLANTATION PRODUCTIVITY FOR THE VINH HAO FOREST COMPANY,
BAC QUANG DISTRICT, HA GIANG
PROVINCE
Cao Van Son
SUMMARY
Vinh Hao forest company has a forest estate comprising
plantations and natural forests managed for wood production to supply the pulp
and paper industry. From 2004 to 2011,
the company established 2,618 ha plantations using four main species: Styrax tonkinensis, Acacia mangium, Acacia hybrid
and Dendrocalamus membranaceus. The company also undertook stand improvement
activities over 8,252 ha and managed 11,249 ha as protection forest. During this period, the company conducted
harvesting operations over 1,538 ha producing 80,660 m3 with a value
of 65,250 million VND.
To date the company has yet to take advantage of newer
genetics or advanced silvicultural techniques to optimize productivity from its
forest estate. The company has also
moved from employing its own labour workforce to a contracted workforce,
improving internal productivity.
Keywords: Paper material supply Plantation, Vinh Hao forest company, Ha Giang
province
VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS FOR PLANTATION TIMBER
Le Thi Tuyet
Anh and Hoang Lien Son
Forest Science
Institute of Vietnam
SUMMARY
A value chain analysis describes the full range of
activities which are required to bring a product or service from conception,
through the different phases of production delivery to final consumer. Each step of the chain adds value to the
product. The value added is the difference
between expenses and the sales price of the product as it is moved along the
chain.
Value chain analysis also needs to
consider the relationships between the agents affecting each step of the
chain. To date our analysis indicates
there are two important relationships:
(i) The
vertical relationship – the relationships between successive agents as the
product is exchanged, and
(ii) The internal relationship – the
relationships between agents at the same position in the value chain which may
include support, services, mechanisms and policies.
The research is contributing to determining
the activities necessary for the rational development of the forest plantion
timber product value chain in Vietnam.
Keywords: Value chain, Commodity chain, Plantation
timbers, Agents.
Developing A method
for interpolating the main meteorological factors used in forest
fire forecast
Be Minh Chau
SUMMARY
Understanding the climatic and environmental factors that
affect fire behaviour is important in predicting danger and fire risk.
Using long term data from 158 national meteorological
stations across Vietnam it was possible, using multivariate statistical
methods, to determine the principle meteorological factors to predict the
potential for fire along longitudinal, latitudinal, and elevation gradients.
The principle determinant of fire prediction was temperature
regardless of longitude, latitude or altitude, whereas humidity and rainfall
were less useful determinants.
It was possible to develop a set of equations to
relate these meteorological factors with longitude, latitude and altitude by
month for each of three regions of the country; northern region (>19o N),
central region (from 13o to 19o N) and southern region
(< 13o N).
Key words: Forest fire forecast, Method for interpolation, Meteorological factors
DEVELOPING A SYSTEM
FOR MIST IRRIGATION IN THE CUTTING HOUSES
Le Xuan Phuc
Forest Science Institute of Vietnam
SUMMARY
In Vietnam
there is an increasing demand of high quality genetically improved seedlings
for forest plantation establishment.
Most seedlings are propagated as cuttings as this is a relatively simply
technology which allows for efficient rapid production and can be undertaken at
a local level by rural communities.
However there can by production issues which may prevent
satisfactory production such as inadequate misting irrigation reducing the
striking rate of cuttings leading to reducing seedling quality.
The results of testing various misting systems indicates
that the Coolnet sprayer, Model C20, manufactured by Netafim, is suitable under
Vietnam conditions when operated with 4 spraying units at a spraying pressure
of 3.5 to 3.6 kg/cm2 covering a width of 65 cm at a height of 30 cm.
Keywords: System of mist irrigation, Sprayer,
Water pump, Cutting environment
TERMITE AND FUNGAL CONTROL FOR
SEEDLINGS OF EUCALYPTUS AND ACACIA
Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc and Bui Thi Thuy
Forest
Science Institute of Vietnam
SUMMARY
In Vietnam, termite (Isoptera) damage
has been recorded in Eucalyptus and Acacia plantations in many areas. Measures to prevent termite damage in newly
established plantations has been
trialed in three ecological regions of Vietnam:
Northeast, Northwest and Central
Highlands.
The application of Termidor25EC and Lenfos 50EC (active ingredient: 0.2-0.3%) applied at one litre/tree reduced termite damage to seedlings from 22.2% to 16.7% forEucalyptus and from 21.5% to 18.8% forAcacia.
Metarhrizium is a entomopathogenic
fungal genus which can be used as a natural biological
control agent against insects. In
trials, Metarhrizium reduced termite damage to 14.4% and 13.2% of Eucalyptus and Acacia seedlings respectively.
Keywords: Termite, Eucalyptus, Acacia
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