1. DETERMINING THE AGE OF CALAMUS TETRADACTYLUS PLANTS
Pham Van Dien
Vietnam Forest University
SUMMARY
This article focuses on how to visually determine the age of Rattan (Calamus tetradactylus). Rattan is one of species producing non-timber forest products with a high economic value and has the potential for large scale planting in many parts of Vietnam. Research methods that adaptable with objectives are applied, in duration of March 2008 to March 2010, based on outward form of each individual plant that easy to identify and measure, with high stability, insignificant different from each site and tending systems. The work determines some outward forms and internode of Calamus tetradactylus for visially determining age of this plant, with an acceptable reliability. It is possible to say that, this is the first research work in Vietnam that focuses on prompt determining age of Calamus tetradactylus in particular and of Calamus genus in general. Although we need to test the outputs of the research work in large scale, but the article has importantly preliminary results that as foundation for promoting research works about age of Calamus in future.
Keywords: Age, Calamus tetradactylus Hance, Rattan, Outward form, Internodes.
2. STUDY ON DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS AND EXTINCTION RISK OF ENDANGERED SPECIES POMU (Fokienia hodgisii) AT XUAN LIEN NATURE RESERVE, THUONG XUAN DISTRICT, THANH HOA PROVINCE
Bui Thi Huyen
Hong Duc University
SUMMARY
In this research, we have focus on studying the distribution characteristics and to forecast the extinction risk of the endangered species Pomu (Fokienia hodgisii) in the Xuan Lien nature reserve. This species has a high economic value and is listed in the Red Book of Vietnam. In the research area, Pomu naturally grows at an altitude of 800m above sea level in humus alpine soil. It lives together with other species such as: Cheo Tia (Calocedrus macrolepis), Vu huong (Cinnamomum balansae) and De tung soc trang (Amentotaxus argotaenia). Pomu is a poor regeneration species; which has given rise to a situation in Xuan Lien nature reserve where is in serious threat of extinction of both the individual trees and whole population. Therefore, methods for Pomu’s conservation need to be established to conserve and develop this rare and precious gymnosperm species.
Keywords: Pomu, Xuan Lien nature reserve, Fokienia hodgisii, endangered species
3. EFFECT OF N, P AND K ON GROWTH OF MACHILUS ODORATISSMA IN THE PERIOD OF 1-2 YEARS IN NURSERY
Ha Thi Mung
Research Centre for Forest Ecology and Environment
Forest Science Institute of Vietnam
SUMMARY
The research on the effect of N, P and K on the growth of Machilus odoratissima in the period of 1-2 years was conducted in the nursery of Research Center For Forest Ecology and Environment at Ha Noi city and Hoa Binh province. The results show that, in the first year, Machilus odoratissima reached the maximum height, diameter, relative growth rate and the content of N, P2O5 and K2O that were contained in leaves was highest in the potting mix containing 57,3 mg of N/kg, 76,3 mg of P2O5/kg and 34,4 mg of K2O/kg. While in the second year, growth norms and nutritional content of Machilus odoratissima were highest in the potting mix containing 76,3 mg of N/kg, 114,5 mg of P2O5 /kg and 45,8 mg of K2O/kg.
Keywords: Michilus odoratissma, NPK fertilizer, Growth, Nursery.
4. ACACIA SAWN TIMBER PLANTATION: SILVICULTURE METHODS AND RECOMENDATIONS FOR SUITABLE ACACIA CLONES
Pham Xuan Dinh- North Central Vietnam Forest Scientific and Production Centre
Phi Hong Hai, Forest Tree Improvement Research Centre
Chris Harwood, Chris Beadle, Sadanandan Nambiar, CSIRO-Private Bag 12, Hobart 7001, Australia
Vu Dinh Huong–South Vietnam Forest Science Sub-Institute
Dang Thinh Trieu, Trieu Thai Hung– Silvicultural Techniques Research Division
SUMMARY
Studies on thinning response to diameter growth, pruning response to log defects and response to phosphorus (P) of acacia hybrid growth in Quang Binh and Quangr Tri showed that: (1) thinning increased diameter growth of acacia hybrids; (2) pruning decreased log defects of acacia hybrids; (3) fertilization of 10 g of elemental phosphorus (as 143 g superphosphate/tree) at planting time was sufficient in increasing the height of acacia hybrids in the early stage of growth in Quang Tri. In plantations producing sawn timber, Acacia mangium, A. auriculiformis, A. crassicarpa and Acacia hybrids (A. mangium x A. auriculiformis) were proved to be suitable species. A. crassicrapa was a promising species and performed well in inland sands in the central Vietnam. A. mangium was a suitable species in lowland in the northern Vietnam. While, A. auriculiformis was the preferred species in the southern Vietnam. Acacia hybrids could be planted in many sites from the North to the South. National clones, and technological advanced clones that are approved by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development were suggested for using in commercial plantations of A. auriculiformis and acacia hybrids. For A. mangium and A. crassicarpa, seed sources from seed production areas and seed orchards were recommended to use.
Keywords: Acacia, Sawn timber, Thinning, Pruning, Site management, Seed.
5. SPECIES AND USES NON – TIMBER FIBROUS FOREST PLANTS: BAMBOO AND RATTAN FROM LAM DONG PROVINCE
Le Xuan Tung, Tran Van Tien, Luu The Trung
Lam Dong Silviculture Experiment Research Centre
SUMMARY
This project investigated the species and uses for bamboo and rattan in Lam Dong. It identified 6 genera and 13 species, of which bamboo consists of four species with three genera and rattan consists of nine species with three genera. The local people use these within the family as well as to exchanges and trade. The culm or stem of the rattan and bamboo is the part most used, while two species that produce bamboo shoots (Bambusa procera and Gigantochloa sp.). the bamboo shoots are very good food source for the families and are also processed for sale. The products produced from bamboo and rattan are very diverse but can be divided into two main groups; those that are for daily used such as house frame, baskets weaver, tooth sticks, incense sticks, chopsticks …; group used as handicrafts such as tables, chairs, cups, cabinets,..
Keywords: Bamboo, Rattan, Use, LamDong
6. RESEARCH ON CALAMUS TETRADACTYLUS HANCE GROWTH PLANTED IN HOME GARDEN AND UNDER CANOPY PLANTING IN BAC KAN
Le Thu Hien, Luu Quoc Thanh, Nguyen Quang Hung
Forest Plant Resource Research Division
Forest Science Institute of Vietnam
SUMMARY
In recent years, rattan Calamus tetradactylus has been planted widely with two growing patterns, in home garden and under canopy of natural forests. A survey was conducted at the home gardens in Quang Thuan commune, Bach Thong District, Bac Kan province to assess the growth of 4.5 year old rattans planted as the fences of home gardens. The results show that, the survival rate is 91-95%; total height is 220-455cm; and stem diametter is 0.7-1cm. One hundred percent of the planted seedling becomes bunched which have two or more stems. The trial number 6 (plated in slashed strip with the space of 10-12 seedlings per metter) reachs the highest height, 455cm. Another survey was conducted in the 3.5 year old model planted under natural forest canopy in Ba Be national park, Bac Kan province. The survival rate is 85-90%; total height is 52-67cm; stem diametter is 0.9-1.1cm; and 24.9-43.2% of seedlings become bunched. The trial number 1 (planted as 250 patchs/ha of three holes/patch and each hole planted one seedling) reachs the highest height, 108cm (in the center of the Park) and 58cm (in Don Den)
Keywords: Rattan, Calamus tetradactylus Hance, Home garden, Under canopy planting
8. SELECTION OF MEDIUM FOR CULTIVATION OF METARHIZIUM TO CONTROL ODONTOTERMES ANGUSTIGNATHUS TSAI ET CHEN ASSOCIATED WITH TREE SEEDLINGS
Bui Thi Thuy, Phan Luong Ngoc
Forest Product Preservation Division
Forest Science Institute of Vietnam
SUMMARY
Three strains of Metarhizium M1, M2, M5 were cultivated in four cultures (Sabouraud, Sabouraud added powdered prawn exoskeleton, crab exoskeleton, casein) for testing mycelium growth, conidia formation and enzyme activities. The results indicate that the Sabouraud medium with 0,5% powdered prawn exoskeleton added is the optimum medium. The conidia, living mass and crude supernatant of Metarhizium strains obtained from cultivations were used for the evaluation of antitermitic activity in laboratory. All strains are able to control Odontotermes angustignathus with conidia, crude supernatant and M1 strain is the best.
Keywords: Metarhizium, Odontotermes angustignathus, Medium
9. RESEARCH ON TECHNOLOGY FOR MAKING LAMINATED BOARD FROM FOREST PLANTATION
Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc, Nguyen Trong Nhan, Bui Duy Ngoc
Forest Product Preservation Division
Forest Science Institute of Vietnam
SUMMARY
This project was to research the utilization of Paulownia fortune, Pinus masoniana Lamb and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh for the making of laminated board. The research result determined the data of standing tree, saw log and lumber and proposed technological solutions to moisture treatment. with aim to reduce splits of For Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh the solution is to reduce splits, end checking. For Pinus masoniana Lamb boiling is to decrease resin that exist in the wood and improve associating ability of wood; Propose preserve solutions to improve biology durability; establish kiln drying schedules; The research result was proposed technology for making laminated board from Paulownia fortune, Pinus masoniana Lamb Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh to produce official furniture that serves domestic demands.
Keywords: Laminated board, Forest plantation.
10. A STUDY ON UTILIZATION RHIZOPHORA APICULATA CHARCOAL TO PRODUCE ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
Ha Tien Manh, Nguyen Bao Ngoc
Forest Products Processing Research Division
Forest Science Institute of Viet Nam
SUMMARY
Rhizophora apiculata, is a trees that lives in mangrove forests and is concentrated mainly in Ca Mau, Ben Tre and Ho Chi Minh City. Although Rhizophora apiculata timber has better mechanical properties in comparison to other planted forest trees such as Acacia, Eucalyptus and Pinus, over 70% of its production is used to produce charcoal. This type of charcoal is produced in a tradition process at the calorie of 28.000KJ/Kg, since carbon accounts for 70% of its content, Rhizophora apiculata coal can be a potential material in the making of activated charcoal used in water and gas filtering, bleaching and deodorizing technologies.
With an aim to determine the technical process to produce activated charcoal from Rhizophora apiculata charcoal, our research focuses on three main factors which will determine its quality; (a) temperature, (b) duration and (c) activating agents. The research have shown that the charcoal made from Rhizophora apiculata timber has a similar absorption capacity as other types of high-quality charcoal available in the market such as Novis charcoal made in Holland or Tra Bac activated charcoal made from coconut shells.
Keywords: Activated charcoal, Rhizophora apiculata
11. RESEARCH ON TECHNOLOGY PARAMETERS FOR MANUFACTURING PARTICLE BOARD FROM RICE HUSK AND COIR BRASHY
Lam Tran Vu,
Agricultural Electro-Mechanic and Post Harvesting Technology Sub-Institute
Tran Thanh Cao
Forest Science Sub-Institute of South Vietnam
Rice husk and coir brashy are two kinds of agricultural waste which was not fully utilized and are one of the elements causing pollution of rivers and canals in the Mekong delta. Both materials can be used as raw materials to produce particle board, contributing jobs creation, an increased income for farmers and a reduction in environmental pollution. Because these two products are new materials for particle board manufacturing, This project investigated the technology parameters including the resin content of the board, the NH4Cl content of resin, mixing ratio of raw materials, temperature, period of time and pressure. The research results show that particle board which is produced from chips mixing rice husk / coir brashy (ratio 6/4) comply with the 04TCN-1999 Vietnamese standard. The resin content of the surface layer was 15% and 12% for the core layer. The NH4Cl content of resin w 0.4%. For an 18mm thick board the pressing regime was; temperature 150oC, pressing time17 minutes, and pressure 20 kg/cm2. Particle board produced from rice husk / coir brashy use more resin and require a longer pressing time than wood particle board.
Keywords: Particle board, Rice husk, Coir brashy, Technological parameters
13. THE CURRENT IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY FOREST POLICIES AND SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY FOREST MANAGEMENT IN LAO CAI PROVINCE
Ha Van Tiep
Center for Forestry Science and Production Northwest Region, Son La province
Bui Phuoc Chuong
Consultative and Research Center on Natural Resources Management, Hue City
SUMMARY
This project investigates the implementation of community forest policies, looking at eight aspects of community forest management (CFM) in Lao Cai province. These are natural forest allocation, forms of CFM, regulation of forest protection, budget, sharing benefits, training skills, fund establishment, and monitoring and assessment of CFM’s. Firstly, the study revealed that the province has not yet allocated natural forests to communities except 19.3ha in Van Ban district. Secondly, three forms of CFM are avaliable, these are (a) traditional CFM such as spirit and holy forests management, (b) protected community forests, and (c) group households forest management. Thirdly, the regulations for natural forest protection have been established in all the communities located near natural forests but these regulations do not fully incorporate the customary laws of their communities. Fourthly, there is no budget for CFM from either the province or districts. Fifthly, the sharing benefits from CFM are not equal for all people in the community. Sixthly, the training skills for CFM were combined with other forest development programs. Next, the funds for CFM are currently not established in all communities. Finally, the monitoring and assessment of the implementation of CFM programs follow the official systems for forest management, such as forest protection office, commune’s people committee, and board of protection forest management. A number of solutions for sustainable CFM are recommended.
Keywords: Community forest management, Community forests, Lao Cai.
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