Mohammad Na’iem, Pamuji Raharjo and Eka Kusdiandra Wardhana
Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University,
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Telp: +62811258553, e-mail : moh_naiem@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Shorea leprosula Miq. commonly called as meranti tembaga is one of the best – known and highest economical value timber in Indonesia. However, this meranti timber are still produced from natural forest. Recently, the government of Indonesia have planned to establish meranti plantation in operational scale in order to reduce the alteration of the tropical forest. To serve genetically improved seed of S. leprosula for commercial plantation, a seedling seed orchard progeny test of this species has been established in PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma, in Central Kalimantan.
An open pollinated progeny test of S. leprosula consisted of 31 plus trees collected from Bukit Baka population, central Kalimantan and 50 plus trees collected from Gunung Bunga population, west Kalimantan, were established in February 2003 in PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma, Nanga Nuak, Central Kalimantan. The planting site geographically located at 00o 40’ 58’’ longitude, 112o 16’ 23’’ latitude at the elevation of 240 m above sea level. The trials were laid out in randomized complete block design, 3-tree line plots with 5 replications with a spacing 4 x 6 m. Those two populations were set up separately as a sub line system with 200 m distance one each other.
The seedlot performance of progeny test plantation at 2.5 years evaluation indicated that there were significant differences both for height and stem diameter for all seedlots observed and some of them such as seedlot no. 004, 017 and 020 seemed to show good phenotypes in the test location. Estimation of individual heritability value at 2.5 years old measurement for height and stem diameter character was 0.123 and 0.044 for Bukit Baka population and 0.171 and 0.176 for Gunung Bunga population respectively. These were indicated that the genetic factor has not played an important role yet in controlling the growth character compared to environment factor. Continuously evaluation on genetic parameters need to be done in this progeny test plantation in order to achieve important information for other breeding activities of the species in the future.
Keywords: Shorea leprosula, half-sib progeny test, heritability, intensive silviculture.
INTRODUCTION
Shorea leprosula Miq. (locally known as meranti tembaga) that belongs to the Dipterocarpaceae is the major economically valued species for timber in the tropical forests of South East Asia. It is distributed naturally in Borneo, Sumatra, Bangka, Belitung, Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand (Ashton, 1982; Newman et al, 1996; Rudjiman and Adriyanti, 2002). S. leprosula is one of the commonest light-red meranti timber, a valuable export commodity, with the wood density is 300-865 kg/m3 at 15% moisture content. Extracted roots of S. leprosula can produce a resin called “dakar daging” and is used in traditional medicine and the bark is used for tanning. S. leprosula is one of the commonest and most widespread emergent of lowland dipterocarps forest, ranged from southern Thailand (Pattani) throughout Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo (Symington, 1943, in Lee, 2000). It is a strong light demander and commonly found growing on well-drained ultisols in lowland and lower hill slope of dipterocarp forests below 700 m elevation (Ashton 1982; Rudjiman and Adriyanti, 2002). Appanah and Weinland (1993) noting that the species grows fast up to 20 years of age reaches 30-40 cm stem diameter in 30-35 years.
A program for genetically improve growth rate stem form and adaptability of S. leprosula has been initiated by ITTO Project, PD106/01 Rev. 1 (F) and started to establish progeny tests plantation in February 2003. For that purpose, seeds of open pollinated plus trees of S. leprosula, namely 31 plus trees from Bukit Baka population, Central Kalimantan and 50 plus trees from Gunung Bunga population, West Kalimantan, were collected. Those seeds were used for establishment of progeny trial plantation in PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma, Nanga Nuak, Central Kalimantan. The planting site geographically located at 00o 40’ 58’’ longitude, 112o 16’ 23’’ latitude at the elevation of 240 m above sea level. The trials were laid out in randomized complete block design, 3-tree line plots with 5 replications with a spacing 4 x 6 m. Those two populations were set up separately as a sub line system with 200 m distance one each other.
The long term objective of the program is to produce genetically improved seeds for operational plantation by converting the progeny test plantations into a seedling seed orchard. By the above objective, it is also possible to establish a permanent plot of ex-situ genetic resource conservation for breeding and biotechnology program in the future. (Wright, 1976; Zobel and Talbert, 1984; Adam, 2000).
The short term objective of the progeny test establishment was to know the adaptability and growth rate of the species by estimating the genetic parameter. At present time, the results of 2.5 years old observation on tree height and stem diameter of progeny test plantation in PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma, Nanga Nuak, Central Kalimantan were discussed and presented in this paper.
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