“Investigation of indigenous seedling production capacity of some nurseries in the North of Vietnam and recommendations of seedling production technical measures”is one activity of the Project “Rehabilitation of Natural Forest in the Degraded Watershed Area in the North of Vietnam” mainly focusing on Hoa Binh Dam watershed area.
According to the Project’s requirements, the study is carried out in Hanoiand other localitieswith main objectives:
– To identify seed sources and seedling production capacity of some indigenous tree species.
– To evaluate procedures and practical information on indigenous tree species production of the said tree species.
– To suggest correct methods in indigenous tree species seedling production.
– To make annexes on biological and ecological knowledge of the proposed indigenous tree species.
Outputs:
– Report on seedling production situation in some nurseries and proposal for technical guidelines on seedling production of 19 indigenous tree species in the North of Vietnam (actually, the group has made seedling production technical guidelines for some tree species)
– Annexes of seed sources and seedling production technical guidelines of the proposed indigenous tree species and photographs
Hoa Binh Dam forest watershed area had been degraded seriously due to the long-term of upland farming activities; many mountain sides havebeen denuded without cover vegetation after maize cultivation over tens hectare in PhuYen and Bac Yen. In some areas, there are only bare land with some bushes and low coverage (< 10%) while most mountainsides in Hoa Binh dam have slope of over 300 and some over 500;therefore, the water and soil preservation capacity is very low. In the rainy season, high quantity of alluvia and mud accumulated after rainy season can reach 0.5 — 1.0 cm. Therefore, the forest rehabilitation by use of plant species have both high adaptability, fast growth rate, large canopyand practical benefit to farmers in order to encourage them active participation in planting and tending of forest plantations to recover the necessary vegetation is one of important measures to protect Hoa Binh dam area, sustain water resource for the biggest and most important hydrolic power plant in Vietnam currently.
Selection of tree species serving for forest rehabilitation in these areas in term of the forest farms must combine the four important points as follows:
– Adaptable to site condition degraded in Hoa Binh dam watershed area
– High economic value and early benefit to farmers
– Marketing access after exploitation
– Soil improvement capacity and rather large canopy to prevent soil erosion
In case of mix plantation, these tree species should have different light demand to be able to plant together.
Actually, acacia hybrid is one of tree species meeting the demand of these above points and the main tree species used in forest recovery plantation together with economic benefit for locals in many areas currently. However, if it is planted in Hoa Binh remote and watershed areas, the capacity of timber consumption is limited. Despite of some other tree species having economic value and adaptability to the site condition, the selection of tree species meeting all said points is not easy.
Investigation of seedling production situation carried out for all indigenous tree species that was proposed by RENFODA project. In the implementing period, we had made some adjust to be suitable with actual condition of locals and ecological condition of planting area, however, due to the limited time; some tree species might not meet the requirements. Selection of species and varieties suitable to be planted in local meeting the people’s expectation is one of complicated issue requiring the joint of many sectors and time for experiment. Seedling production techniques were proposed basing on actual experiences in many locals comparing with ecological knowledge for adjustment; however, it is unavoidable some shortcomings in a few species due to the lack of further trials.
The report consists of two main parts:
– Main report “Investigation of indigenous seedling production capacity in some nurseries in the North of Vietnam and recommendations of seedling production techniques" ”
– Introduction of some indigenous tree species includes morphological description, uses, ecological characteristics (of which original climate conditions mainly in Vietnamor in some more dry areas) and technical methods on seed collection, processing, storage and seedling tending. The Project’s request is 19 indigenous tree species, but according to the actual condition, we took off Castanopsis indica, Calamus platyacanthus (these have not been produced in any nurseries) and proposed 4 other indigenous tree species (Parashorea chinensis, Cinamomum parthernoxylum, Quercus platycalyx, Lithorcapus ducampii)
2. Method on investigation and data collection
In order to carry out investigation of nursery activities and recommendations of seedling production technical measures, working group was led by Prof. Dr. Le Dinh Kha and other collaborators namely MSc. Doan Ngoc Dao and MSc. Nghiem Quynh Chi coordinated with some organizations to collect available data and investigate the actual conditions in 8 nurseries in 8 provinces (in Table 1). All of these nurseries belong to state ones which obtain most favorable conditions (equipments and materials) for seedling production in the North of Vietnam (Nguyen Dinh Tam et al, 2002) In each nursery, we collected the actually necessary data such as nursery area, seedling production capacity, tree species being produced, seed treatment, seed sowing, container component and size,seedling plantingand tending, and seedling standard following prepared standard format. These data was collected independently for each nursery and then summarized in one table.
Besides, we took photographs not only of seedlings on beds, in containers but also of trees in natural forest, plantations or household gardens in investigation areas or in Hoa Binh Dam watershed area.
Evaluation of nursery techniques and seedling tending was based on comments of seedling growth condition in the investigated nurseries as well as tree growth rate in plantations consulted announced documents.
( download for viewing full report )
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