{"id":9895,"date":"2012-10-31T06:32:47","date_gmt":"2012-10-30T23:32:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2012\/10\/nghien-cuu-vi-sinh-vat-noi-sinh-va-cac-hop-chat-hoa-hoc-co-hoat-tinh-khang-nam-gay-benh-o-cac-dong-keo-tai-tuong-khao-nghiem-tai-thua-thien-hue\/"},"modified":"2015-05-19T13:30:55","modified_gmt":"2015-05-19T06:30:55","slug":"nghien-cuu-vi-sinh-vat-noi-sinh-va-cac-hop-chat-hoa-hoc-co-hoat-tinh-khang-nam-gay-benh-o-cac-dong-keo-tai-tuong-khao-nghiem-tai-thua-thien-hue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/nghien-cuu-vi-sinh-vat-noi-sinh-va-cac-hop-chat-hoa-hoc-co-hoat-tinh-khang-nam-gay-benh-o-cac-dong-keo-tai-tuong-khao-nghiem-tai-thua-thien-hue\/","title":{"rendered":"Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vi sinh v\u1eadt n\u1ed9i sinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u1edf c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ea1m Quang Thu, Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n Xu\u00e2n H\u01b0ng, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00d3M T\u1eaeT<\/strong><\/p>\n

Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Acacia mangium<\/em>) l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p g\u1ed7 cho s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. B\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea5n h\u1ed3ng do n\u1ea5m Corticium salmonicolor <\/em>v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ebft h\u00e9o do n\u1ea5m Ceratocystis <\/em>sp. \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh cho Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt n\u1ed9i sinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u1edf c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t khu kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m 35 d\u00f2ng Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf n\u0103m 2009 nh\u1eb1m tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh. M\u1eabu c\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 1cm, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 10cm), m\u1eabu l\u00e1 (kho\u1ea3ng 1kg) c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed7i d\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n n\u1ed9i sinh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng dung m\u00f4i methanol v\u00e0 methylene chloride. \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8 ch\u1ee7ng vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 13 ch\u1ee7ng vi n\u1ea5m t\u1eeb 35 d\u00f2ng Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 2 ch\u1ee7ng vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 13 ch\u1ee7ng n\u1ea5m c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf n\u1ea5m Ceratocystis <\/em>sp. v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 8 ch\u1ee7ng (1 ch\u1ee7ng vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 7 ch\u1ee7ng n\u1ea5m) c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf n\u1ea5m Corticium salmonicolor<\/em>. C\u1eb7n d\u1ecbch chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb l\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng dung m\u00f4i methanol ho\u1eb7c dung m\u00f4i methylene chloride c\u1ee7a 26 tr\u00ean 35 d\u00f2ng Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh (\u1ee9c ch\u1ebf 40-60%) v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh (\u1ee9c ch\u1ebf >60%) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ea5m Ceratocystis<\/em> sp.; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 16 d\u00f2ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ea5m Corticium salmonicolor. <\/em>T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt n\u1ed9i sinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb dung m\u00f4i methanol ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb dung m\u00f4i methylene chloride, c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 28 tr\u00ean 35 d\u00f2ng Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh Ceratocystis <\/em>sp. v\u00e0 Corticium salmonicolor<\/em> \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng: AMD01, AMD02, AMD04, AMD05, AMD06, AMD07, AMD08, AMD09, AMD10, AMD11, AMD12, AMD13, AMD14, AMD15, AMD16, AMD18, AMD19, AMD20, AMD22, AMD24, AMD25, AMD27, AMD29, AMD31, AMD32, AMD33, AMD34 v\u00e0 AM35. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 2 lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u00f2n \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i \u1edf hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a<\/strong>: Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Vi sinh v\u1eadt n\u1ed9i sinh, H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf n\u1ea5m, Kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh, Ceratocystis<\/em> sp., Corticium salmonicolor<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb6T V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Acacia mangium<\/em>) l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 80. Ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, sau khi c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc (Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Ngh\u0129a, 2003). Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn, m\u1ecdc nhanh, g\u1ed7 d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng n\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng, l\u00e0m nh\u00e0, v\u00e1n d\u0103m, l\u00e0m b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y vv\u2026 Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn trong t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhanh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch, c\u00e1c r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng keo \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh, g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 B\u1ea7u B\u00e0ng (B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng) m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng Keo lai \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea5n h\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1 cao, g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. T\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1 T\u1ebbh (L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng), Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u01a1n 400 ha \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 118,5 ha b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eeb 7 \u0111\u1ebfn 59 % trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng (Ph\u1ea1m Quang Thu, 2002). T\u1ea1i Kon Tum, n\u0103m 2001 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 1000 ha r\u1eebng Keo lai 2 tu\u1ed5i b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh lo\u00e9t th\u00e2n, th\u1ed1i v\u1ecf v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4 ng\u1ecdn, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Ng\u1ecdc T\u1ee5, Ng\u1ecdc H\u1ed3i (Kon Tum) l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 90% c\u00e2y b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft ng\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt khi b\u1ecb m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u00f3 (Hammerschmidt, 2007). \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi ti\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e2y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c sinh h\u1ecdc hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sinh h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh gi\u1ea3 trong th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. T\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh do c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (Induced Disease Resistance) c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 2 d\u1ea1ng: kh\u00e1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ax\u00edt salicylic (Systemic Acquired Resistance, SAR) v\u00e0 k\u00edch kh\u00e1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ax\u00edt jasmonic v\u00e0 ethylene (Induced Systemic Resistance, ISR) (Walling, 2001). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ax\u00edt salicylic l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p hay t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c k\u00edch kh\u00e1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ax\u00edt jasmonic v\u00e0 ethylene l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb vi sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i sinh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt n\u1ed9i sinh c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb 2 lo\u1ea1i dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

(T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ed1 2 n\u0103m 2012, trang 2243-2252)<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\nKeo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Acacia mangium<\/em>) là loài cây nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i
\n\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a vào tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp niên 80. Ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t
\nth\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, sau khi các thí nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 và các thí nghi\u1ec7m
\nv\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n pháp k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gây tr\u1ed3ng có k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ã \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ed5
\nbi\u1ebfn \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft các t\u1ec9nh trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc (Nguy\u1ec5n Hoàng Ngh\u0129a, 2003). Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng
\nlà loài cây g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn, m\u1ecdc nhanh, g\u1ed7 d\u1ec5 gia công nên r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111óng \u0111\u1ed3
\ngia d\u1ee5ng, làm nhà, ván d\u0103m, làm b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y vv…<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

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