{"id":9721,"date":"2012-02-07T07:11:29","date_gmt":"2012-02-07T00:11:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2012\/02\/khao-nghiem-giong-va-danh-gia-kha-nang-phat-trien-cua-cay-maccadamia-o-viet-nam\/"},"modified":"2013-10-06T09:02:32","modified_gmt":"2013-10-06T02:02:32","slug":"khao-nghiem-giong-va-danh-gia-kha-nang-phat-trien-cua-cay-maccadamia-o-viet-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/khao-nghiem-giong-va-danh-gia-kha-nang-phat-trien-cua-cay-maccadamia-o-viet-nam\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y Maccadamia \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ea3i, Mai Trung Ki\u00ean, H\u00e0 Huy Th\u1ecbnh<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Ph\u00ed H\u1ed3ng H\u1ea3i, \u0110\u1ed7 H\u1eefu S\u01a1n, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Ki\u00ean<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y r\u1eebng<\/em> <\/p>\n

T\u00d3M T\u1eaeT<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Macadamia l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 th\u00e2n g\u1ed7, thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea1ch. H\u1ea1t Macamadia c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf cao v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u1ea7u trong nh\u00e2n 71 – 80%. Macadamia hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf Australia, Hawaii, Nam Phi v\u00e0 Braxin. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2002-2010, Trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng Macadamia \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8 ha kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m d\u00f2ng v\u00f4 t\u00ednh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 9 d\u00f2ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb Australia v\u00e0 2 d\u00f2ng t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8 ha kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m h\u1eadu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a 20 c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 sai qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Ba V\u00ec. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m h\u1eadu th\u1ebf\/d\u00f2ng v\u00f4 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh, \u0110\u1eafc L\u1eafc, \u0110\u0103k N\u00f4ng, S\u01a1n La v\u00e0 V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2002-2010, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng c\u00f3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3 cao cho t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng: <\/p>\n

-T\u1ea1i Ba V\u00ec (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i) c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng Macadamia 842, OC v\u00e0 856 c\u00f3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t cao 1,25kg\/c\u00e2y v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u00e2y h\u1ea1t 3,4 l\u1ea7n. <\/p>\n

-T\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1edbi (Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh) c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng Macadamia OC, 741, 816 v\u00e0 246 c\u00f3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t cao 1,51kg\/c\u00e2y v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u00e2y h\u1ea1t 7,0 l\u1ea7n. <\/p>\n

-T\u1ea1i Kr\u00f4ng N\u0103ng (\u0110\u1eafc L\u1eafc) c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng Macadamia 849, 246, 816 v\u00e0 OC c\u00f3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t cao 6,22kg\/c\u00e2y v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u00e2y h\u1ea1t 3,8 l\u1ea7n.\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea1i Kr\u00f4ng N\u0103ng (\u0110\u1eafc L\u1eafc) tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf Bazan t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9 cao 700m, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m 23,7o<\/sup>C, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 1770 mm\/n\u0103m r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ra hoa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y Macadamia. Sau 6 n\u0103m c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng Macadamia c\u00f3 Do= 11,82 cm; Hvn= 5,15 m; Dt = 3,94 m, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t 4,8 kg\/c\u00e2y.Macadamia ra n\u1ee5 hoa t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 12 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m sau, hoa n\u1edf v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3 – 4, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 6, qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 gi\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 6 – 8, qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn v\u00e0 r\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 9-11. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng Macadamia c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i b\u00f4ng hoa t\u1ef1 (11,1 cm – 21,6 cm), s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hoa t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean b\u00f4ng (226 hoa – 453 hoa), t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 (0,02% – 1,6%), \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh qu\u1ea3 (2,8 cm – 3,2 cm). <\/p>\n

C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng Macadamia ra hoa c\u00f3 sai l\u1ec7ch nhau v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, khi tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y Macadamiac\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian ra hoa c\u00f9ng nhau, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n ch\u00e9o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng.Kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m h\u1eadu th\u1ebf c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng Macadamia giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2 (2006 – 2010) t\u1ea1i Ba V\u00ec (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i), Ho\u00e0nh B\u1ed3 (Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh), C\u1ea7u Hai (Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd) v\u00e0 Nam \u0110\u00e0n (Ngh\u1ec7 An) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng cao v\u00e0 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t. <\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng hom Macadamia d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c IBA n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 1500 ppm, th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 gi\u00e2m t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9, gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e2m l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p 1\/3 c\u00e1t v\u00e0ng + 1\/3 tr\u1ea5u + 1\/3 r\u01a1m \u1ee7 hoai, l\u1ea5y hom b\u00e1nh t\u1ebb ch\u1ed1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1eeb v\u01b0\u1eddn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng Macadamia khi nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng hom \u0111\u1ec1u cho t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ra r\u1ec5 kh\u00e1 cao t\u1eeb (45,6% – 87,8%). Nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng Macadamia d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i, gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng 1-3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng 10-12. Tu\u1ed5i g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p 24 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 36 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng Macadamia khi nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec1u cho t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a hom gh\u00e9p cao t\u1eeb (64,4 – 88,3%).<\/strong> <\/p>\n

T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a: <\/strong>Kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ed1ng, Macadamia. <\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb6T V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Macadamia l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 th\u00e2n g\u1ed7, thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea1ch, h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 v\u1ecf c\u1ee9ng, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n 30 – 50%, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u1ea7u trong nh\u00e2n 71 – 80%. Nh\u00e2n h\u1ea1t Macadamia \u0111\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n b\u00e1nh ng\u1ecdt, nh\u00e2n socola, kem, ho\u1eb7c \u0103n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u1edf d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong nh\u00e2n h\u1ea1t Macadamia nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o chi\u1ebfm 78,2%, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p h\u1ea5t \u0111\u00ad\u01b0\u1eddng 10%, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1m (protein) 9,2%, Kali 0,37%, ph\u1ed1t pho 0,17%, Ma nh\u00ea 0,12%,… h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u b\u00e9o 78,2% trong nh\u00e2n h\u1ea1t Macadamia cao h\u01a1n L\u1ea1c, \u0110i\u1ec1u,… <\/p>\n

(K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2006-2010, trang 16-26)<\/em> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\nMacadamia <\/span>là cây \u0103n qu\u1ea3 thân g\u1ed7, thu\u1ed9c nhóm qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea1ch. H\u1ea1t Macamadia có giá tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf cao v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u1ea7u trong nhân 71 – 80%. Macadamia hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gây tr\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9ng rãi \u1edf Australia, Hawaii<\/span>, Nam Phi và Braxin. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2002-2010, Trung tâm nghiên c\u1ee9u gi\u1ed1ng cây r\u1eebng \u0111ã th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 tài kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ed1ng và nhân gi\u1ed1ng Macadamia \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n này, \u0111\u1ec1 tài \u0111ã xây d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8 ha kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m dòng vô tính k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p làm mô hình trên m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vùng sinh thái s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 9 dòng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb Australia và 2 dòng t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[13],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9721"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9721"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9721\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11174,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9721\/revisions\/11174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9721"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9721"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9721"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}