{"id":9544,"date":"2011-04-06T03:19:52","date_gmt":"2011-04-05T20:19:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2011\/04\/xay-dung-mo-hinh-trong-rung-thong-nhua-co-luong-nhua-cao-bang-nguon-giong-co-chat-luong-di-truyen-duoc-cai-thien\/"},"modified":"2013-10-06T09:02:14","modified_gmt":"2013-10-06T02:02:14","slug":"xay-dung-mo-hinh-trong-rung-thong-nhua-co-luong-nhua-cao-bang-nguon-giong-co-chat-luong-di-truyen-duoc-cai-thien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/xay-dung-mo-hinh-trong-rung-thong-nhua-co-luong-nhua-cao-bang-nguon-giong-co-chat-luong-di-truyen-duoc-cai-thien\/","title":{"rendered":"X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a cao b\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00e0 Huy Th\u1ecbnh, \u0110o\u00e0n Ng\u1ecdc Dao, \u0110\u1ed7 H\u1eefu S\u01a1n<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y r\u1eebng<\/em> <\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em> <\/p>\n

I.<\/strong> \u0110\u1eb6T V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Nh\u1ef1a Th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 T\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n khai th\u00e1c nh\u1ef1a t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc cho th\u1ea5y, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb l\u1edbn, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ea5p 3-5 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 g\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u00edt nh\u1ef1a. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di truy\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u1eddi gian nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m n\u00ean t\u0103ng thu di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. <\/p>\n

\u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a (Pinus merkusii<\/em>); Th\u00f4ng \u0111u\u00f4i ng\u1ef1a (Pinus massoniana<\/em>); Th\u00f4ng ba l\u00e1 (Pinus kesyia<\/em>) v\u00e0 cho khai th\u00e1c nh\u1ef1a. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh l\u00fd, sinh th\u00e1i, Th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba x\u1ea5u, kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y cho nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ef1a nh\u1ea5t (kho\u1ea3ng 5-6kg\/c\u00e2y\/n\u0103m). M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c khai th\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebdo m\u00e1ng, chu k\u1ef3 khai th\u00e1c nh\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 40-50 n\u0103m; v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng Th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c nh\u1ef1a.K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y r\u1eebng (Vi\u1ec7n KHLN Vi\u1ec7t Nam) giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1987-1997 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a \u1edf c\u00e2y Th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di truy\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p vi ch\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nhanh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho nh\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e2y v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf qua \u0111\u1ebdo m\u00e1ng, Trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 185 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed9i c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t so v\u1edbi tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n h\u01a1n 2 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 200-300%) t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng Th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 20ha v\u01b0\u1eddn gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y gh\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh, V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, H\u00e0 T\u00e2y, Thanh Ho\u00e1, Ngh\u1ec7 An v\u00e0 H\u00e0 T\u0129nh. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a nhanh c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng Th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a cao b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u00e2y h\u1ea1t tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. <\/p>\n

II. V\u1eacT LI\u1ec6U V\u00c0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P NGH\u00caN C\u1ee8U<\/strong> <\/p>\n

1. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/strong> <\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebdo m\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a 34 d\u00f2ng v\u00f4 t\u00ednh Th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn gi\u1ed1ng Xu\u00e2n Khanh (tr\u1ed3ng 1990) v\u00e0 54 d\u00f2ng v\u00f4 t\u00ednh t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn gi\u1ed1ng C\u1ea9m Qu\u1ef3 (tr\u1ed3ng 1995) v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i v\u01b0\u1eddn gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 20 d\u00f2ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a v\u01b0\u1ee3t so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb100 \u2013 200%, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p, gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u00e2y gh\u00e9p.- 185 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed9i c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a v\u01b0\u1ee3t so v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb 200-300% t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng Th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh, \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i, Thanh Ho\u00e1, Ngh\u1ec7 An v\u00e0 H\u00e0 T\u0129nh. <\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng 9ha m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m: \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i, V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac; Y\u00ean H\u01b0ng, Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1edbi, Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh. <\/p>\n

(K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Khoa h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda B\u1eafc trang 127-131)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\nNh\u1ef1a Thông v\u1edbi hai thành ph\u1ea7n chính là nh\u1ef1a và Tùng h\u01b0\u01a1ng là m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t hàng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u có giá tr\u1ecb và là nguyên li\u1ec7u không th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ngành công nghi\u1ec7p. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghiên c\u1ee9u và th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n khai thác nh\u1ef1a t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc cho th\u1ea5y, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a cây là m\u1ed9t tính tr\u1ea1ng có bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb l\u1edbn, nh\u1eefng cây nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ef1a có th\u1ec3 cho s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ea5p 3-5 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a bình quân c\u1ee7a lâm ph\u1ea7n và g\u1ea5p hàng ch\u1ee5c l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cây ít nh\u1ef1a. M\u1eb7t khác, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a cây c\u0169ng là m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tính tr\u1ea1ng có kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di truy\u1ec1n cao và t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u1eddi gian nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nên t\u0103ng thu di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[13],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9544"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9544"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9544\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10998,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9544\/revisions\/10998"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9544"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9544"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}