{"id":9505,"date":"2011-02-15T03:28:23","date_gmt":"2011-02-14T20:28:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2011\/02\/nghien-cuu-lai-giong-va-khao-nghiem-giong-tram-lai-tai-long-an\/"},"modified":"2013-10-06T09:02:10","modified_gmt":"2013-10-06T02:02:10","slug":"nghien-cuu-lai-giong-va-khao-nghiem-giong-tram-lai-tai-long-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/nghien-cuu-lai-giong-va-khao-nghiem-giong-tram-lai-tai-long-an\/","title":{"rendered":"Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u lai gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0m lai t\u1ea1i Long An"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nguy\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7t C\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0110\u1ed7 Th\u1ecb Minh Hi\u1ec3n<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Trung t\u00e2m C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Sinh h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p<\/em> <\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/strong> <\/p>\n

T\u00d3M T\u1eaeT<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u1edf hoa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i Tr\u00e0m leucadendra (Melaleuca leucadendra<\/em>) Tr\u00e0m cajuputi (Melaleuca cajuputi<\/em>), Tr\u00e0m viridiflora (Melaleuca viridiflora<\/em>), Tr\u00e0mquinquenervia (Melaleuca quinquenervia)<\/em>cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian n\u1edf hoa v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.H\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i tr\u00e0m c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m 300<\/sup>C. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a nh\u1ee5y cho th\u1ea5y th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 3 sau kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ef1c c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 cao nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f2n khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 lai gi\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 300 tr\u0103m t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p lai cho 4 lo\u00e0i l\u00e0 M. cajuputi (Ca), M. leucadendra (L), M. viridiflora (V), M. quinquenervia (Q)<\/em>. Tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 m\u00e0 cho t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p lai. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ed1ng lai t\u1ea1i Long An cho th\u1ea5y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p tr\u00e0m lai nhanh h\u01a1n c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p lai tham gia kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p lai th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u01b0u th\u1ebf lai v\u1ec1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p lai kh\u00e1c lai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. Lo\u00e0i M. leucadendra<\/em> l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p lai kh\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n lo\u00e0i M.cajuputi, M;viridiflora,<\/em>M. quinquenervia <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m m\u1eb9. <\/p>\n

T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a:<\/strong> Lai gi\u1ed1ng, th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n, t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p lai, \u01b0u th\u1ebf lai, h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n, c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef <\/p>\n

I.<\/strong> \u0110\u1eb6T V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0<\/strong> <\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 39.000km2<\/sup>, chi\u1ebfm 12% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e8n chi\u1ebfm 13.000km2<\/sup> v\u00e0 tr\u00e0m l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m ph\u00e8n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 chua pH t\u1eeb 3,0 \u0111\u1ebfn 4,0 (t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t 0 – 40cm) c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc 3-4 th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ng\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 0,8 \u0111\u1ebfn 1,3m (Ho\u00e0ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean, 1995; H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e8n, 1999). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p g\u1ed7 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, g\u1ed7 tr\u1ee5 m\u1ecf, tr\u00e0m c\u1eeb, tinh d\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng trong y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c. <\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u1ed3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i tr\u00e0m (Melaleuca sp.<\/em>) trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc cho th\u1ea5y tr\u00e0m l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp ph\u00e8n, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdctho\u00e1i ho\u00e1, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh kh\u00f4ng thua k\u00e9m b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1eeba th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n khi tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 pH ax\u00edt (2,5 \u2013 4,0) (\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long), v\u1eeba \u1edf l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 pH ki\u1ec1m (6,5) (n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i Ninh B\u00ecnh), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp ph\u00e8n theo m\u00f9a v\u00f9ng T\u1ee9 Gi\u00e1c Long Xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc Ba V\u00ec (H\u00e0 T\u00e2y) hay v\u00f9ng b\u00e1n ng\u1eadp l\u00f2ng h\u1ed3 Thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh (L\u00ea S\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t, 2004). V\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e2y tr\u00e0m \u0111ang l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng cho v\u00f9ng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ecf l\u0103n c\u1ecf l\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00e1n ng\u1eadp \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00f2ng h\u1ed3 thu\u1ed9cm\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. <\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u lai gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ed1ng lai \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p quan t\u00e2m. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng lai trong l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf lai v\u1ec1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m cho c\u00e2y lai v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 (Shull, 1911; Gyorfey, 1960; Snyder, 1972). Nh\u1edd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n lai k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng th\u00e2m canh m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Brazil, Congo \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t 40 – 80m3\/ha\/n\u0103m (Davidson, 1998). \u1ede n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 lai t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c d\u00f2ng lai b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n c\u00f3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i U6, GU8… ( L\u00ea \u0110\u00ecnh Kh\u1ea3 v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7t C\u01b0\u1eddng, 2001) <\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c lai t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i tr\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng lai m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf lai v\u1ec1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng quan t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. <\/p>\n

(K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Khoa h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, trang 68-79)<\/em> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\nNghiên c\u1ee9u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u1edf hoa c\u1ee7a các loài Tràm leucadendra (Melaleuca leucadendra<\/em>) Tràm cajuputi (Melaleuca cajuputi<\/em>), Tràm viridiflora (Melaleuca viridiflora<\/em>), Tràm <\/em>quinquenervia (Melaleuca quinquenervia)<\/em>  <\/span>cho th\u1ea5y các loài này có th\u1eddi gian n\u1edf hoa và qu\u1ea3 chín khác nhau khá rõ r\u1ec7t.  <\/span>H\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a các loài tràm c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef thích h\u1ee3p \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m 300<\/sup>C. Các nghiên c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a nh\u1ee5y cho th\u1ea5y th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n vào ngày th\u1ee9 3 sau kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ef1c có t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 cao nh\u1ea5t, còn khi ti\u1ebfn hành th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n quá s\u1edbm ho\u1eb7c quá mu\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u không \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3. Nghiên c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 lai gi\u1ed1ng tràm \u0111ã thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 300 tr\u0103m t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p lai cho 4 loài là M. cajuputi (Ca), M. leucadendra (L), M. viridiflora (V), M. quinquenervia (Q)<\/em>. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[13],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9505"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9505"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9505\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10959,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9505\/revisions\/10959"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9505"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9505"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9505"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}