{"id":9501,"date":"2011-02-15T03:11:07","date_gmt":"2011-02-14T20:11:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2011\/02\/cong-tac-bao-ton-nguon-gen-cay-rung-giai-doan-1996-2010\/"},"modified":"2013-10-06T09:02:09","modified_gmt":"2013-10-06T02:02:09","slug":"cong-tac-bao-ton-nguon-gen-cay-rung-giai-doan-1996-2010","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/cong-tac-bao-ton-nguon-gen-cay-rung-giai-doan-1996-2010\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y r\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1996-2010"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 Ph\u00ed H\u1ed3ng H\u1ea3i<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/em><\/strong> <\/p>\n

<\/strong>T\u00d3M T\u1eaeT<\/strong> <\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1989, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u “B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y r\u1eebng” do Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, thu th\u1eadp h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, c\u00e2y con ho\u1eb7c c\u00e0nh hom v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu s\u01b0u t\u1eadp, qu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n cho h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y r\u1eebng qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf. N\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i ba lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y l\u00e1 kim, 42 lo\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c 6 chi D\u1ea7u; 216 lo\u00e0i\/ph\u00e2n lo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a 25 chi tre, v\u00e0 107 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 l\u00ean danh s\u00e1ch, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc lo\u00e0i b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111e d\u1ecda theo ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a IUCN (2001). Cho t\u1edbi nay, g\u1ea7n 80 ha qu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ex-situ<\/em> v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 60ha r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a 192 ngu\u1ed3n gen thu\u1ed9c 84 lo\u00e0i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 100 ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u1ee7a 38 lo\u00e0i qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i Ba V\u00ec – H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, C\u1ea7u Hai – Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, Xu\u00e2n S\u01a1n – Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, L\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ecbnh – Y\u00ean B\u00e1i; B\u1ebfn En – Thanh H\u00f3a, M\u0103ng Linh – L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, \u0110akplao – \u0110\u1eafk N\u00f4ng, B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn, B\u1ea7u B\u00e0ng – B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, C\u00e1t Ti\u00ean – \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai v\u00e0 C\u00e0 Mau. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cho 1000 l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Keo l\u00e1 tr\u00e0m, Keo l\u00e1 li\u1ec1m, B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n uro, B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n pellita, B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n grandis v\u00e0 B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n camal.S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed RAPD v\u00e0 DNA l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p (cpADN) \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 di truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y (cho 17 lo\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c 6 chi h\u1ecd D\u1ea7u v\u00e0 12 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd D\u1ea7u) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n trong lo\u00e0i (cho Linh xanh, G\u00f5 \u0111\u1ecf, Gi\u1ed5i x\u01b0\u01a1ng, Gi\u1ed5i xanh, P\u01a1 mu, Sao l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh tim, B\u00e1ch xanh) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng sinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a tr\u00ean m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh danh s\u00e1ch gi\u1ed1ng (xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t) c\u1ee7a 16 lo\u00e0i B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n, 31 lo\u00e0i Keo, 6 lo\u00e0i Th\u00f4ng, 10 lo\u00e0i Tr\u00e0m, v\u00e0 2 lo\u00e0i Phi lao. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tra c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho 150 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean Website c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam. <\/p>\n

T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a: <\/strong>B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen <\/strong> <\/p>\n

I. M\u1ede \u0110\u1ea6U<\/strong> <\/p>\n

B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ba m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 (1) B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i (b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean), (2) B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n (b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen) v\u00e0 (3) B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u b\u1ec1n c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc (FAO, 1983). B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00ean trong m\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i. \u0110a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb di truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 trong bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 b\u00ean trong m\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 di truy\u1ec1n, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 lai ch\u00e9o, lai gi\u1ed1ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch ly. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t di truy\u1ec1n b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t di truy\u1ec1n b\u00ean trong qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 (Baradat, 1986; Cossalter, 1989). <\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 20% s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu (N.N.Th\u00ecn 1997, T. V. Tr\u1eebng 1998). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 15.000 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, trong \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean 10.000 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, khai th\u00e1c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng, du canh du c\u01b0, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1eebng qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm \u0111ang b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c, ch\u1eb7t h\u1ea1 tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p n\u00ean \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb \u0111e do\u1ea1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. N\u0103m 1996, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 356 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt b\u1ecb \u0111e do\u1ea1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng (S\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecf Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1996), th\u00ec con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 450 lo\u00e0i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007 (S\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 2007). N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng l\u00ean trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi. <\/p>\n

(K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Khoa h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, trang 45-54)<\/em> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\nT\u1eeb n\u0103m 1989, \u0111\u1ec1 tài nghiên c\u1ee9u “B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen cây r\u1eebng” do Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc Lâm nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam làm ch\u1ee7 trì \u0111ã th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n công vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra kh\u1ea3o sát, xây d\u1ef1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng án b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, thu th\u1eadp h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, cây con ho\u1eb7c cành hom và xây d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu s\u01b0u t\u1eadp, qu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n cho hàng tr\u0103m loài cây r\u1eebng quý hi\u1ebfm và\/ho\u1eb7c có giá tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf. N\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i ba loài cây lá kim, 42 loài thu\u1ed9c 6 chi D\u1ea7u; 216 loài\/phân loài c\u1ee7a 25 chi tre, và 107 loài cây lá r\u1ed9ng khác \u0111ã \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra và lên danh sách, t\u1eeb \u0111ó làm c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc loài b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n và \u0111ánh giá m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111e d\u1ecda theo tiêu chí c\u1ee7a IUCN (2001). <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[13],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9501"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9501"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9501\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10955,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9501\/revisions\/10955"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9501"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9501"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9501"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}