{"id":9066,"date":"2009-04-20T08:27:19","date_gmt":"2009-04-20T01:27:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2009\/04\/ban-chat-kinh-te-cua-san-xuat-lam-nghiep-va-tinh-tat-yeu-khach-quan-cua-qua-trinh-tich-tu-ruong-dat\/"},"modified":"2013-10-06T09:01:14","modified_gmt":"2013-10-06T02:01:14","slug":"ban-chat-kinh-te-cua-san-xuat-lam-nghiep-va-tinh-tat-yeu-khach-quan-cua-qua-trinh-tich-tu-ruong-dat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ban-chat-kinh-te-cua-san-xuat-lam-nghiep-va-tinh-tat-yeu-khach-quan-cua-qua-trinh-tich-tu-ruong-dat\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch t\u1ee5 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Con<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Ph\u00f2ng Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt L\u00e2m sinh<\/em> <\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t <\/em>Nam<\/em> <\/p>\n

T\u00d3M T \u1eaeT<\/strong> <\/p>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 t\u00ednh t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch t\u1ee5 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 r\u1eebng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ba thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: (i) n\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t; (ii) gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng mang t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111a m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 (iii) gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng mang t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed5 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 lu\u00e2n k\u1ef3 l\u00e2u n\u0103m v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 chu k\u1ef3 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. Do d\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hay t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t hay t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e2m ph\u00e2n c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng (FMU) c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng gian thay th\u1ebf th\u1eddi gian nh\u1eb1m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh t\u1ebf. Giao \u0111\u1ea5t giao r\u1eebng cho h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ngo\u00e0i nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u1eebng t\u1eadp trung, quan li\u00eau, bao c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf; t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf cho m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chia l\u1ebb r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o tay c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. T\u00edch t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec1n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb, manh m\u00fan th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadp trung ho\u00e1, chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ho\u00e1, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1. <\/p>\n

T\u1eeb kho\u00e1:<\/strong> B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00edch t\u1ee5 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t <\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb6T V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, kinh doanh r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p. Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3, \u0111ang v\u00e0 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tu\u1ef3 v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 (Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Con, 2006). \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng (HSTR). Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 r\u1eebng s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngh\u1ec1 r\u1eebng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eebng l\u00e0 “kho t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn” th\u00ec chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e2u khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean (c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c). Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i (m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng) c\u00f3 c\u00e1c qui lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t sinh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh r\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 kh\u00e2u khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. <\/p>\n

C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/a><\/strong> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n \n<\/p>\n

\nBài vi\u1ebft phân tích các b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng và \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a quá trình s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t lâm nghi\u1ec7p trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u1eadn hành theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n lý c\u1ee7a Nhà n\u01b0\u1edbc theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng xã h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 làm rõ tính t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu khách quan c\u1ee7a quá trình tích t\u1ee5 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t trong phát tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng và ngh\u1ec1 r\u1eebng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ba thu\u1ed9c tính c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: (i) nó v\u1eeba là \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eeba là t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t; (ii) giá tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng mang tính t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p và \u0111a m\u1ee5c \u0111ích và (iii) giá tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng mang tính ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ngh\u0129a là ích l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng không ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf các giá tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m và d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nó mà còn \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tái t\u1ea1o ra các giá tr\u1ecb \u0111ó. \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a quá trình s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t lâm nghi\u1ec7p là \u1edf ch\u1ed5 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hài hoà quá trình tái s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc có luân k\u1ef3 lâu n\u0103m v\u1edbi quá trình tái s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh t\u1ebf có chu k\u1ef3 hàng n\u0103m. Do dó, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t lâm nghi\u1ec7p không ph\u1ea3i là m\u1ed9t hay t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u cây, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t hay t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lâm phân c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t cách \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n mà là m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb qu\u1ea3n lý r\u1eebng (FMU) có di\u1ec7n tích \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn, có c\u1ea5u trúc không gian và th\u1eddi gian thích h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y không gian thay th\u1ebf th\u1eddi gian nh\u1eb1m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hai quá trình tái s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc và tái s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh t\u1ebf. Giao \u0111\u1ea5t giao r\u1eebng cho h\u1ed9 gia \u0111ình, cá nhân, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng và t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ngoài nhà n\u01b0\u1edbc là s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n lâm nghi\u1ec7p Nhà n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u1eebng t\u1eadp trung, quan liêu, bao c\u1ea5p và kém hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 thành m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n lâm nghi\u1ec7p xã h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia tích c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi thành ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf; t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 công b\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i phát tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf cho m\u1ecdi thành ph\u1ea7n. Tuy nhiên, m\u1eb7t trái c\u1ee7a quá trình này là vi\u1ec7c chia l\u1ebb r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ea5t lâm nghi\u1ec7p vào tay các ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng không thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho quá trình s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, qu\u1ea3n lý. Tích t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai là \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu khách quan \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec1n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf lâm nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb, manh mún thành n\u1ec1n lâm nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hàng hoá theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadp trung hoá, chuyên môn hoá, công nghi\u1ec7p hoá và hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i hoá.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9066"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9066"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9066\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10520,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9066\/revisions\/10520"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9066"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9066"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9066"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}