Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc Quang, Ho\u00e0ng Li\u00ean S\u01a1n<\/b> <\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n
T\u00d3M T\u1eaeT <\/p>\n
Ngay t\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a, r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn v\u1edbi sinh k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f9ng nhau qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i. Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i. Trong m\u1ed9t hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. <\/p>\n
T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed9i sinh v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng ki\u1ec3u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec r\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi nhau. <\/p>\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1<\/b>: Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng ki\u1ec3u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. <\/p>\n
M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u <\/p>\n
L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 minh ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi sinh k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1. C\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng coi r\u1eebng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n chung (common property) v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ra c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 (sau \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf) qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00f9ng nhau chia s\u1ebb l\u1ee3i \u00edch mang l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb r\u1eebng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng nhau b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng (FAO, 1993). Nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng ki\u1ec3u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y (th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean (IUCN, 2000). <\/p>\n
Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc do r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i (Martinussen, 1999). H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn sinh k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1. <\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng ki\u1ec3u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, N\u00ea Pan trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ti\u1ebfp theo sau c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Nam \u00c1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 La Tinh nh\u01b0 Brazil, Mexico \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng (Joint Forest Management) gi\u1eefa c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (ODI, s.d) th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng t\u1eeb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (Quang Nguy\u1ec5n, 2005). \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, trong hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng ki\u1ec3u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng) \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec (V\u00f5 Tr\u00ed Chung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1, 1998; Sikor v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1, 2000; \u0110\u1ed7 \u0110\u00ecnh S\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1, 2002; Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, 2004; Apel v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 ,1998; Cao L\u00e2m Anh, 2002; Dupa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1, 2002; Tr\u1ea7n Ng\u1ecdc L\u00e2n, s.d.). S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u1eadn r\u1eebng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nh\u01b0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103m 2004. <\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng ki\u1ec3u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng ki\u1ec3u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. <\/p>\n
C\u00b8c nh\u00a9n t\u00e8 t\u00b8c \u00ae\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00d5n th\u00d3 ch\u00d5 trong qu\u00b6n l\u00fd r\u00f5ng c\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00e5ng <\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Khung ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh 1, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i sinh v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng ki\u1ec3u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. <\/p>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng ki\u1ec3u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i sinh v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh. Theo David North (1990) \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a “Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh”. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (2002) \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a “Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qui t\u1eafc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eb1m \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi”. Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c (vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n) ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c (b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh v\u0103n). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng ki\u1ec3u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 “ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau” (collective action) v\u00e0 “quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i” (property rights) \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c thi th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 (Helberg, 2001). Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng ki\u1ec3u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng bao g\u1ed3m: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (community based forest management), \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng (joint forest management, collaborative forest management). Trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 r\u1eebng do ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c thi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng. C\u00f2n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd gi\u1eefa Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng) v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea\/tham gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng). Khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf do Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ngay t\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a, r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn v\u1edbi sinh k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f9ng nhau qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i. Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i. Trong m\u1ed9t hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8903"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8903"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8903\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10359,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8903\/revisions\/10359"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8903"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8903"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8903"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}