\u0110\u1ed7 \u0110\u00ecnh S\u00e2m, Phan Nguy\u00ean H\u1ed3ng, V\u0169 T\u1ea5n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Qu\u1ebf<\/b> <\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> <\/p>\n
T\u00f3m t\u1eaft <\/p>\n
K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ebfn 2015 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 H\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam thu\u1ed9c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n “Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba xu h\u01b0\u1edbng suy tho\u00e1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1ecbnh Th\u00e1i Lan”. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n (HSTRNM) Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc (\u0110DSH) c\u1ee7a HSTRNM \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f9ng c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng ven bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chung trong khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba xu h\u01b0\u1edbng suy tho\u00e1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1ecbnh Th\u00e1i Lan. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ed3m ba (3) m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u00edn (9) h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1m (8) d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay. <\/p>\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: <\/b>R\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng <\/p>\n
M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u <\/p>\n
Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n (RNM) s\u1ee9c \u00e9p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n l\u00ean RNM l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, quy ho\u1ea1ch, ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u1edf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa HSTRNM c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd t\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n, t\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc ven bi\u1ec3n, n\u1eb1m trong chu\u1ed7i m\u1eaft x\u00edch g\u1eafn b\u00f3 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 cho t\u1edbi nay ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chung. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n RNM l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean (BTTN). <\/p>\n
Trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, HSTRNM v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ven bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng quan tr\u1ecdng (s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long) n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ef1a l\u00faa c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. HSTRNM, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf, b\u1ed5 sung cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00faa g\u1ea1o, cho v\u00f9ng duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i hai \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft nh\u01b0 khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7, c\u1ee7i, l\u00e1, c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y t\u1eeb c\u00e2y RNM, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n gi\u1ed1ng t\u00f4m, cua con trong HSTRNM v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, ng\u1ecdc trai, m\u1eadt ong vv.. Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh t\u1ebf cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i, b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, qua \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. <\/p>\n
T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n sinh th\u00e1i, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 HSTRNM mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u1edbn trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u01b0 du l\u1ecbch, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea3nh quan, v.v\u2026 Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00f3i tr\u00ean l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c HSTRNM, \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. <\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thi\u00ean tai v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c HSTRNM, \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u1eafn s\u00f3ng, ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1edbi b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, ch\u1ed1ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n, c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 ra bi\u1ec3n, cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean cho h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, v.v\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i RNM l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. <\/p>\n
B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, HSTRNM c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n gen v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc (\u0110DSH) c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n RNM, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n gen qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u1edbi thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c n\u01a1i di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e do\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang b\u1ecb s\u0103n l\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh th\u00e1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 du l\u1ecbch sinh th\u00e1i (DLST), gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00e2y m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb mang t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a HSTRNM. <\/p>\n
C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n theo c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a HSTRNM \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. <\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chung c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc khu v\u1ef1c bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1ecbnh Th\u00e1i Lan ch\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1i ho\u00e1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng khu v\u1ef1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. <\/p>\n