{"id":8850,"date":"2009-03-24T04:33:06","date_gmt":"2009-03-23T21:33:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2009\/03\/dinh-huong-xay-dung-he-phan-loai-dat-ngap-nuoc-cua-viet-nam\/"},"modified":"2019-09-24T10:50:39","modified_gmt":"2019-09-24T03:50:39","slug":"dinh-huong-xay-dung-he-phan-loai-dat-ngap-nuoc-cua-viet-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/dinh-huong-xay-dung-he-phan-loai-dat-ngap-nuoc-cua-viet-nam\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ea1m Tr\u1ecdng Th\u1ecbnh <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n Vi\u00ean \u0110TQHR II<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc (\u0110NN) c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng trong ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0110NN, nh\u01b0: cung c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c (l\u00faa g\u1ea1o), th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m (th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n, rau xanh), ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc, duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh th\u00e1i, l\u1ecdc s\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tham quan, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0110NN th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3mv\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0110NN m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n ngoan, sao cho v\u1eeba khai th\u00e1c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110NN \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110NN \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp ra c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110NN.<\/p>\n

\u1ede n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, B\u1ed9 KHCN&MT \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n “Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0110NN Vi\u1ec7t Nam”. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110NN s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0110NN, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0110NN cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

1. Kh\u00b8i ni\u00d6m v\u00d2 \u00ae\u00cat ng\u00cbp n\u00ad\u00edc <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 50 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 \u0110NN \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh 2 nh\u00f3m, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 2 theo ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p:<\/p>\n

-Theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng: “\u0110NN l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd\u0103c nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u00f3c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u1ecd\u1eb7c t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u00f3c t\u0129nh hay n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, n\u01b0\u00f3c l\u1ee3 hay n\u01b0\u00f3c m\u1eb7n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u00f3c khi th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 6 m\u00e9t”.<\/p>\n

-Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a theo ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p nh\u00ecn chung \u0111\u1ec1u xem \u0110NN l\u00e0 \u0111\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp sinh th\u00e1i (Ecotone), nh\u1eefng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u00f3c, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u00a9n lo\u00b9i \u00a7NN tr\u00aan th\u00d5 gi\u00edi<\/strong><\/p>\n

2.1.Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0110NN<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110NN \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef9 20, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t than b\u00f9n \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 B\u1eafc M\u1ef9. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0110NN l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sinh th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Theo Cowardin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean n\u0103m 1979 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh 4 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0110NN l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

-M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb sinh th\u00e1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

-S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean;<\/p>\n

-Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3;<\/p>\n

-Cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i;<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, gi\u00fap \u00edch cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

2.2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0110NN<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0110NN d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee7y v\u0103n. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m. M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0110NN d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0110NN.<\/p>\n

Semeniuk 1987, Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0110NNtheo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ecba m\u1ea1o<\/em>. Corrick v\u00e0 Norman1980 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0110NN d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0110NN v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5, L\u1edbp, L\u1edbp ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Paijmans v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 1985 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m: d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai; c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee5 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba m\u1ea1o, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110NN c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n ch\u00e2u \u00dac.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng so s\u00e1nh r\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0110NN. Ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0110NN ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0110NN v\u1edbi nhau (theo Pressey v\u00e0 Bedward, 1991).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba m\u1ea1o, th\u1ee7y v\u0103n, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng, cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0110NNv\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh th\u00e1i. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0110NN, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t) c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00eau tr\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c khi xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0110NN (cho bang Victoria, \u00dac) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf V\u00f9ng sinh \u0111\u1ecba (Biophysical); \u0110\u1ecba m\u1ea1o (geomorphology); Th\u1ee7y v\u0103n (hydrology); v\u00e0 Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc (water chemistry).<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n l\u1ecdai \u0111\u00e1t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u00f3c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n l\u1ecdai \u0110NN c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c M\u1ef9, c\u1ee7a \u00dac, c\u1ee7a IUCN v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ban Th\u1ee9 K\u00fd \u1ee7y H\u1ed9i M\u00ea C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n l\u1ecdai n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.<\/p>\n

3. \u00a7\u00d2 t\u00b5I x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng H\u00d6 th\u00e8ng ph\u00a9n lo\u00b9i v\u00b5 l\u00cbp b\u00b6n \u00ae\u00e5 \u00a7NN c\u00f1a Vi\u00d6t Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.1. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110NN c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t <\/em>Nam<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 tham gia C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Ramsar t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1989 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0110\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc (Xu\u00e2n Th\u1ee7y) trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0110NN c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Ramsar. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u0169ng cho t\u1edbi nay n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110NN c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0110NN. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc “Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110NN c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam”. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

3.1.1.<\/em>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eb1m g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0110NN c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0110NN, v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

3.1.2. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft trong n\u0103m 2001<\/em><\/p>\n

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0110NN c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 1\/1.000.000, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0110NN c\u1ee7a IUCN, Ramsar, Wetland International, MRCS v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110NN \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0110NN \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0110NN qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110NN cho \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long (1\/250.000) v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110NN cho Mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9 (1\/250.000).<\/p>\n

3.2. H\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn trong ph\u00e2n l\u1ecdai \u0110NN c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t <\/em>Nam<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

3.2.1. Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 \u0110NN c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Ramsar l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0110NN<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc ta tham gia C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Ramsar t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1989, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 \u0110NN c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Ramsar (1971) \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 \u0110NN \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd do C\u1ee5c M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ban h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0110NN c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u00f3c thu\u1ed9c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng M\u00ea C\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n “\u0110i\u1ec1u tra qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0110NN \u1edf h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng M\u00ea C\u00f4ng” c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Theo quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, \u0110NN l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong n\u0103m \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c l\u00f2ai \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecd\u0103c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y sinh. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp sinh th\u00e1i gi\u1eefa l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 nh\u1eebng th\u1ee7y v\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u00f3c s\u00e2u tr\u00ean 6 m\u00e9t. Nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0110NN m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1eadp s\u00e2u tr\u00ean 6 m\u00e9t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7y v\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u00f3c s\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng bao h\u00e0m trong kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

3.2.2.<\/em>Nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em><\/p>\n

– <\/strong>Hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Ramsar l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c “b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n” v\u00e0 “s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4n ngoan” nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0110NN c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0110NN. Do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110NN ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho haim\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n l\u1ecdai \u0110NN s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, quy h\u1ecdach v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4n ngoan m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0110NN.<\/p>\n

– \u0110NN bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sinh v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng sinh v\u1eadt nh\u01b0: \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.M\u1ee5c 2.2 trong C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Ramsar c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0110NN s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf “sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc”, “Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc”, “\u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc”, Th\u1ee7y v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc” v\u00e0 “Th\u1ee7y v\u0103n h\u1ecdc”. Do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0110NN kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb, phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

– H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh, nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

– H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0110NN ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc, theo quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 sinh th\u00e1i ph\u00e1t sinh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c gh\u00e9p nh\u00f3m, ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n chia nh\u1ecf, gi\u00fap \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc c\u0169ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0110NN, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0110NN \u1edf m\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n vi\u1ec5n th\u00e1m) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u1edf t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

– H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0110NN ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

3.2.3.<\/em>D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o khung ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0110NN c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t <\/em>Nam<\/em>s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110NN c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p v\u00f9ng <\/em><\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o khung ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0110NN d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p ph\u00e2n v\u1ecb. T\u00f9y theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tham gia v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n l\u1ecdai. V\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 1\/1.000.000 c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p v\u00f9ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 1\/250.000 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1edbi c\u1ea5p 4. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nhau d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ha. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd cho m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c t\u1eeb v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n ha ch\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1edbi c\u1ea5p 5 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5p 6, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u01b0u th\u1ebf, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u1edf t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5p 1: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1edfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n (m\u1eb7n) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n (ng\u1ecdt).<\/p>\n

1.\u0110NN \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ven bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0110NN b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u ven bi\u1ec3n bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

2. \u0110NN ng\u1ecdt: \u0110NN kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n ven bi\u1ec3n<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5p 2: <\/em>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0110NN c\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ecba m\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y v\u0103n nh\u01b0nhau. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

1.<\/em>V\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ed1ng bao ph\u1ee7 th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n

2.<\/em>V\u00f9ng c\u1eeda s\u00f4ngc\u00e1c khu c\u01b0 tr\u00fa b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0110NN l\u00e2n c\u1eadn b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u. \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb pha lo\u00e3ng do n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt t\u1eeb ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

3.<\/em>Nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0110NNch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ngc\u00e1c khu c\u01b0 tr\u00fa ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb 2 \u0111i\u1ec1u (i) nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i \u0110NN c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y, c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i nh\u00f4 cao (ii) c\u00e1c khu c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a mu\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 0,5% tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

4.<\/em>Nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0110NN thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ed3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu c\u01b0 tr\u00fa n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0110NN c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

(i)<\/em>Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh tr\u0169ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y b\u1ecb ng\u0103n l\u1ea1i;<\/p>\n

(ii)<\/em>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y bu\u1ecb, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nh\u00f4 l\u00ean li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 che ph\u1ee7 chi\u1ebfm tr\u00ean 30%.<\/p>\n

(iii)<\/em>Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean 8ha ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i \u0110NNt\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 8ha.<\/p>\n

(iv)<\/em>C\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 khi c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng do s\u00f3ngho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7m ph\u00e1 ven bi\u1ec3n).<\/p>\n

5.<\/em>\u0110\u1ea7m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0110NN kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 c\u00e2y g\u1ed7, c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i, c\u1ecf, n\u1ed5i r\u00f5 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0110NN \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ec1uc\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,05%. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0110NN kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ngsau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

(i)<\/em>Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 8ha;<\/p>\n

(ii)<\/em>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh do s\u00f3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng;<\/p>\n

(iii)<\/em>N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1eadp \u1edf ch\u1ed7 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 2m khi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5p;<\/p>\n

(iv)<\/em>\u0110\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 0,05%.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5p 3: C\u00e1c l\u1edbp<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc.. T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110NN. \u0110\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ng\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1eadp theo m\u00f9a. \u0110\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7n ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc. Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb sau:<\/p>\n

1.C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 v\u00f9ng c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n

–<\/em>V\u00f9ng Ng\u1eadp tri\u1ec1un\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp tri\u1ec1u;<\/h6>\n

–<\/em>V\u00f9ng Gian tri\u1ec1um\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb l\u1ed9 ra khi tri\u1ec1u xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp tri\u1ec1u khi th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u l\u00ean;<\/p>\n

2.C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u00f4ng, h\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ea7m, thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n

-S\u00f4ng r\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea3y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean;<\/p>\n

-S\u00f4ng r\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea3y theo m\u00f9a;<\/p>\n

-Ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean;<\/p>\n

-Ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc theo m\u00f9a<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5p 4: L\u1edbp ph\u1ee5<\/p>\n

L\u1edbp ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia t\u1eeb l\u1edbp c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (th\u1ea3m c\u1ecf, th\u1ea3m c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i, r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng) v\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t (\u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, canh t\u00e1c th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng m\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1o c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ngm\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110NN \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng do nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u1eabu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5p 5. Lo\u1ea1i Ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u01b0u th\u1ebf, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5p 6.Lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 Ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m t\u1eaft s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1p:<\/p>\n

-\u0110\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh th\u00e1p th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110NN (m\u1eb7n, ng\u1ecdt)<\/p>\n

-Ch\u00e2n h\u00ecnh th\u00e1p l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n m\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5p 1<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n l\u1ecdai \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0110NN c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

T\u00b5I li\u00d6u tham kh\u00b6o<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. C\u1ee5c M\u00f4i Tru\u1eddng- B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng, 2000. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0110NN c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u00e2n vi\u1ec7n Quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p, 1996. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long.<\/p>\n

3. Anita Petersen, Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Th\u1eafng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 1996. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0110NN ven bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

4. BirdLife\/ Royal Netherlands Embassy\/ Instituteof Ecologyand biological Resources, 1999. The Conservation of Key Wetland Sites in the MekongDelta.<\/p>\n

5. Department of Environment, MOSTE of Vietnam. Strategy for management, protection, and Sustainable Development of Wetlands. Draft programme in Vietnamese.<\/p>\n

6. MekongRiverCommission 1998. Inventory and Management of Wetlands in the LowerMekongBasin, Phase II. Project Document.<\/p>\n

7. Nguyen Chi Thanh- Pham Trong Thinh- Le Thanh Binh and Nguyen Van Nhan, 2000. Wetland classification in the mekong delta of vietnam(Presentations at the Regional Workshop on MRC Wetland Classification, Vientiane, 18-19 September 2000.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc (\u0110NN) có vai trò r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1ea5t là \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi dân s\u1ed1ng trong ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng vùng \u0110NN, nh\u01b0: cung c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c (lúa g\u1ea1o), th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m (th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n, rau xanh), ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u làm nhà c\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng là \u0111\u1ecba bàn sinh s\u1ed1ng và s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc, duy trì các quá trình sinh thái, l\u1ecdc s\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u hòa khí h\u1eadu, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 các giá tr\u1ecb v\u0103n hóa và l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng là n\u01a1i tham quan, gi\u1ea3i trí, du l\u1ecbch và nghiên c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8850"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8850"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8850\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19061,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8850\/revisions\/19061"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8850"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8850"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8850"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}