{"id":8829,"date":"2009-03-24T04:30:34","date_gmt":"2009-03-23T21:30:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2009\/03\/cdm-co-hoi-moi-cho-nganh-lam-nghiep\/"},"modified":"2019-09-24T10:53:23","modified_gmt":"2019-09-24T03:53:23","slug":"cdm-co-hoi-moi-cho-nganh-lam-nghiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/cdm-co-hoi-moi-cho-nganh-lam-nghiep\/","title":{"rendered":"CDM – C\u01a0 H\u1ed8I M\u1edaI CHO NG\u00c0NH L\u00c2M NGHI\u1ec6P"},"content":{"rendered":"

CDM – C\u01a0 H\u1ed8I M\u1edaI CHO NG\u00c0NH L\u00c2M NGHI\u1ec6P<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cao L\u00e2m Anh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea1ch (CDM) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 12 c\u1ee7a Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Kyoto thu\u1ed9c C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc khung c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (UNFCCC), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf\u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a CDM l\u00e0 (1) gi\u00fap c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam) \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a UNFCCC l\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 (2) gi\u00fap c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cam k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. CDM cho ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng ty, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng “Gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn” (CERs) – kho\u1ea3n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tinh duy nh\u1ea5t trong h\u1ec7 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sinh th\u00e1i trong sinh quy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft cho m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sinh th\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u1ecfng manh. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o trong th\u1ebf c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh qui lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u00f3 c\u00f2n d\u1eabn t\u1edbi c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch, gi\u00f3, thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u, sinh kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 b\u1eafp c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi…Ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t; m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gian do kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, ph\u1ea7n xuy\u00ean qua kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00f3ng h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p thu b\u1edfi h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00ed cacbonic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh n\u00e0y gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh”<\/em> (GHE)1<\/a> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p thu n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi b\u0103ng h\u00e0 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu tr\u00ean qui m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 cu\u1ed1i. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u0103ng l\u00e0m b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft v\u0129nh c\u1eedu \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c tan, m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng cao, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng El-nino, Na-nina\u2026th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chung c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh sinh tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng cu\u0309a c\u00e2y tr\u00f4\u0300ng cu\u0303ng \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng th\u01a1\u0300i la\u0300 qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh ti\u0301ch luy\u0303 carbon. Theo Noordwijk (2000), \u01a1\u0309 Indonesia, kha\u0309 n\u0103ng ti\u0301ch luy\u0303 carbon \u01a1\u0309 r\u01b0\u0300ng th\u01b0\u0301 sinh, ca\u0301c h\u00ea\u0323 th\u00f4\u0301ng n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p va\u0300 th\u00e2m canh c\u00e2y l\u00e2u n\u0103m trung bi\u0300nh la\u0300 2,5 t\u00e2\u0301n\/ha\/n\u0103m va\u0300 co\u0301 s\u01b0\u0323 bi\u00ea\u0301n \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng r\u00e2\u0301t l\u01a1\u0301n trong ca\u0301c \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u ki\u00ea\u0323n kha\u0301c nhau t\u01b0\u0300 0,5 \u0111\u00ea\u0301n 12,5 t\u00e2\u0301n\/ha\/n\u0103m. Vi\u0301 du\u0323, r\u01b0\u0300ng qu\u00ea\u0301 7 tu\u00f4\u0309i ti\u0301ch luy\u0303 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c t\u01b0\u0300 4,49 \u0111\u00ea\u0301n 7,19 kg C\/c\u00e2y (Noordwijk.M. et al; 2000). Ta\u0323i Philippines, r\u01b0\u0300ng tr\u00f4\u0300ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ma\u0323i c\u00e2y mo\u0323c nhanh ti\u0301ch luy\u0303 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c 0,5 – 7,82 t\u00e2\u0301n C\/ha\/n\u0103m tuy\u0300 theo loa\u0300i c\u00e2y va\u0300 tu\u00f4\u0309i (Lasco, 2003).<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c 1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i chung v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3m, n\u00ean r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n CDM, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nhanh ch\u00f3ng tham gia cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 k\u00fd k\u1ebft C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc khung, Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh Kyoto, tham gia d\u1ef1 \u00e1n CDM, c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i qu\u1ed1c gia, ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Kyoto v.v\u2026 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n CDM.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi CDM, ng\u00e0nh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi-c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u00e1n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 b\u00e1n g\u1ed7, CDM l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 r\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c carbon! T\u1eeb quang h\u1ee3p \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, c\u00e2y xanh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p thu m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn kh\u00ed CO2<\/sub> v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 15m3<\/sup>\/ha\/n\u0103m, t\u1ed5ng sinh kh\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 10 t\u1ea5n\/ha\/n\u0103m; con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 15 t\u1ea5n CO2<\/sub>. V\u1edbi gi\u00e1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i carbonic th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2004 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 3-5 \u0111\u00f4la M\u1ef9\/t\u1ea5n CO2<\/sub>, m\u1ed9t hecta r\u1eebng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb 45 \u0111\u1ebfn 75 \u0111\u00f4la (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 675.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 1.120.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam) m\u1ed7i n\u0103m (Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n T\u00fd, 2004). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4\u0323t trong nh\u01b0\u0303ng mu\u0323c \u0111i\u0301ch cu\u0309a CDM la\u0300 giu\u0301p cho ca\u0301c n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c \u0111ang pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n \u0111a\u0323t t\u01a1\u0301i s\u01b0\u0323 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n b\u00ea\u0300n v\u01b0\u0303ng. Chi\u0301nh phu\u0309 cu\u0309a ca\u0301c n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c \u0111ang pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n chi\u0323u tra\u0301ch nhi\u00ea\u0323m sa\u0300ng lo\u0323c ca\u0301c d\u01b0\u0323 a\u0301n theo ca\u0301c ti\u00eau chi\u0301 CDM va\u0300 loa\u0323i bo\u0309 nh\u01b0\u0303ng d\u01b0\u0323 a\u0301n na\u0300o kh\u00f4ng g\u0103\u0301n v\u01a1\u0301i ca\u0301c mu\u0323c ti\u00eau pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n b\u00ea\u0300n v\u01b0\u0303ng. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 CDM trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c: B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch; Thu h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CH4<\/sub> t\u1eeb b\u00e3i r\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1eeb khai th\u00e1c than; \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o; Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 t\u00e1i tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng; Thu h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh…<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng mua b\u00e1n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nay. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng quy \u01b0\u1edbc, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c 1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0 mua v\u00e0 b\u00e1n n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 “c\u00e2n \u0111ong, \u0111o \u0111\u1ebfm” r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c b\u00ean tham gia th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t “c\u00e2n \u0111o” ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f2n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea9m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb Ban ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh (\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tham gia \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn). \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0 mua v\u00e0 b\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3. Hi\u1ec7n nay, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 2 \u2014 10 USD\/t\u1ea5n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2<\/sub> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c theo t\u1eebng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Do th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng mua b\u00e1n gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 \u00edt l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 \u00edt c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cho \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n, cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc khi tham gia th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u1ea7n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e0ng nhanh c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c” s\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i ti\u00ean phong.<\/p>\n

Hy vo\u0323ng ca\u0301c hoa\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng CDM co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111o\u0301ng go\u0301p cho qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cu\u0309a \u0111\u00e2\u0301t n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c v\u00ea\u0300 ca\u0301c m\u0103\u0323t sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

-Co\u0301 nhi\u00ea\u0300u ngu\u00f4\u0300n l\u01b0\u0323c h\u01a1n \u0111\u00ea\u0309 \u0111a\u0323t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c ca\u0301c mu\u0323c ti\u00eau pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n b\u00ea\u0300n v\u01b0\u0303ng<\/p>\n

-T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng ca\u0301c c\u01a1 h\u00f4\u0323i \u0111\u00e2\u0300u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c ngoa\u0300i \u0111\u00ea\u0309 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 co\u0301 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c d\u01b0\u0323 a\u0301n m\u01a1\u0301i<\/p>\n

Co\u0301 nhi\u00ea\u0300u c\u01a1 h\u00f4\u0323i vi\u00ea\u0323c la\u0300m h\u01a1n cho c\u00f4\u0323ng \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng va\u0300 gia\u0309m nghe\u0300o b\u0103\u0300ng ca\u0301ch ca\u0309i thi\u00ea\u0323n va\u0300 n\u00e2ng cao thu nh\u00e2\u0323p n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, t\u01b0\u0300 \u0111o\u0301 ca\u0309i thi\u00ea\u0323n sinh k\u00ea\u0301 cu\u0309a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo UNFCCC m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1990, 1993, 1994 v\u00e0 1998 thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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K\u1ebeT QU\u1ea2 KI\u1ec2M K\u00ca PH\u00c1T TH\u1ea2I NH\u00c0 K\u00cdNH \u1ede VI\u1ec6T <\/strong>NAM<\/strong> 1994<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
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D\u1ef0 B\u00c1O PH\u00c1T TH\u1ea2I NH\u00c0 K\u00cdNH \u0110\u1ebeN N\u0102M 2010<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(Ngu\u1ed3n: B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng)<\/em><\/p>\n

Ki\u00ea\u0309m k\u00ea kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh qu\u00f4\u0301c gia n\u0103m 1994 \u01a1\u0309 Vi\u00ea\u0323t Nam \u0111a\u0303 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c th\u01b0\u0323c hi\u00ea\u0323n phu\u0323c vu\u0323 th\u00f4ng ba\u0301o qu\u00f4\u0301c gia \u0111\u00e2\u0300u ti\u00ean. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p ki\u00ea\u0309m k\u00ea cu\u0309a IPCC (\u0111a\u0303 s\u01b0\u0309a \u0111\u00f4\u0309i n\u0103m 1996) \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y. T\u00f4\u0309ng pha\u0301t tha\u0309i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u01a1\u0309 Vi\u00ea\u0323t Nam n\u0103m 1994 la\u0300 103,80 tri\u00ea\u0323u t\u00e2\u0301n CO2<\/sub> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. Do \u0111o\u0301, pha\u0301t tha\u0309i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh ti\u0301nh theo \u0111\u00e2\u0300u ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i n\u0103m 1994 va\u0300o khoa\u0309ng 1,4 t\u00e2\u0301n CO2<\/sub> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Ba ngu\u00f4\u0300n kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh chi\u0301nh trong n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c la\u0300 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng, n\u00f4ng nghi\u00ea\u0323p, thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309i s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng \u0111\u00e2\u0301t va\u0300 l\u00e2m nghi\u00ea\u0323p. Pha\u0301t tha\u0309i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh t\u01b0\u0300 li\u0303nh v\u01b0\u0323c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng n\u0103m 1994 la\u0300 25,6mt CO2<\/sub> chi\u00ea\u0301m 24,7% t\u00f4\u0309ng pha\u0301t tha\u0309i qu\u00f4\u0301c gia trong khi t\u01b0\u0300 n\u00f4ng nghi\u00ea\u0323p, thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309i s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng \u0111\u00e2\u0301t va\u0300 l\u00e2m nghi\u00ea\u0323p la\u0300 va\u0300o khoa\u0309ng 52,45 va\u0300 19,38 mt CO2<\/sub> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, chi\u00ea\u0301m 50,5% va\u0300 18,7% t\u00f4\u0309ng pha\u0301t tha\u0309i qu\u00f4\u0301c gia.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1999 B\u00f4\u0323 Khoa ho\u0323c C\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 va\u0300 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng \u0111a\u0303 t\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c H\u00f4\u0323i tha\u0309o “C\u01a1 h\u00f4\u0323i va\u0300 tri\u00ea\u0309n vo\u0323ng a\u0301p du\u0323ng CDM \u01a1\u0309 ca\u0301c n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c ch\u00e2u \u00c1 – Tha\u0301i Bi\u0300nh D\u01b0\u01a1ng”<\/em> ta\u0323i Ha\u0300 N\u00f4\u0323i nh\u0103\u0300m n\u00e2ng cao nh\u00e2\u0323n th\u01b0\u0301c v\u00ea\u0300 CDM. Ti\u00ea\u0300m n\u0103ng v\u00ea\u0300 a\u0301p du\u0323ng CDM \u01a1\u0309 Vi\u00ea\u0323t Nam co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 nh\u00e2\u0323n th\u00e2\u0301y trong \u0111i\u0323nh h\u01b0\u01a1\u0301ng chi\u00ea\u0301n l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c v\u00ea\u0300 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n nga\u0300nh L\u00e2m nghi\u00ea\u0323p nh\u01b0 ba\u0309o v\u00ea\u0323 ta\u0300i nguy\u00ean r\u01b0\u0300ng hi\u00ea\u0323n co\u0301, tr\u00f4\u0300ng r\u01b0\u0300ng va\u0300 phu\u0323c h\u00f4\u0300i r\u01b0\u0300ng t\u01b0\u0323 nhi\u00ean, pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n l\u00e2m nghi\u00ea\u0323p xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i va\u0300 \u0111\u00e2\u0309y ma\u0323nh tr\u00f4\u0300ng r\u01b0\u0300ng sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t cung c\u00e2\u0301p nguy\u00ean li\u00ea\u0323u cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u00ea\u0323p gi\u00e2\u0301y va\u0300 va\u0301n nh\u00e2n ta\u0323o…<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u0323 a\u0301n tr\u00f4\u0300ng m\u01a1\u0301i 5 tri\u00ea\u0323u ha r\u01b0\u0300ng la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t ti\u00ea\u0300m n\u0103ng l\u01a1\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0309 a\u0301p du\u0323ng CDM. Vi\u0301 du\u0323, D\u01b0\u0323 a\u0301n h\u01a1\u0323p ta\u0301c cu\u0309a Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u01b0\u0301u Gi\u00f4\u0301ng c\u00e2y r\u01b0\u0300ng v\u01a1\u0301iT\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c (International Greenhouse Partnership Office) trong vi\u00ea\u0323c cung c\u00e2\u0301p gi\u00f4\u0301ng keo l\u01b0\u01a1\u0303i li\u00ea\u0300m (Acacia crassicarpa) <\/em>va\u0300 ba\u0323ch \u0111a\u0300n (Eucalyptus terreticornis)<\/em> \u0111a\u0303 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c ca\u0309i thi\u00ea\u0323n va\u0300 cho\u0323n lo\u0323c \u0111\u00ea\u0309 tr\u00f4\u0300ng 1.600 ha r\u01b0\u0300ng \u01a1\u0309 mi\u00ea\u0300n Trung. N\u0103ng su\u00e2\u0301t sinh tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng t\u0103ng 15 \u2014 20% so v\u01a1\u0301i gi\u00f4\u0301ng cu\u0303, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u01a1\u0301i l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng carbon \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c c\u00f4\u0301 \u0111i\u0323nh th\u00eam la\u0300 6.000 t\u00e2\u0301n\/n\u0103m(b\u0103\u0300ng 22.000 t\u00e2\u0301n CO2).<\/p>\n

T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/h1>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Hi\u1ebfu, 2004. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc khung c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Kyoto v\u00e0 CDM t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 CDM trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y 25\/7\/2004 t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    Mua \u2014 B\u00e1n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI. <\/strong>(C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ed1 12\/2004, tr. 8-10)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0n, 2004. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea1ch (CDM) v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi\u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p. <\/em>B\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    Ho\u00e0ng M\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0, 2004. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 D\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea1ch ta\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 CDM trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y 25\/7\/2004 t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n
    \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, 2004. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng CDM t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. B\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o D\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    T\u00e3m t\u00bet <\/strong><\/p>\n

    Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n N\u00f4ng th\u00f4n n\u0103m 2003, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 5% t\u1ed5ng thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u g\u1ed7. Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p mang l\u1ea1i m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb du l\u1ecbch, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng\u2026nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u00e0nh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n

    1<\/a> Green House Effect<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Phát tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea1ch (CDM) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 12 c\u1ee7a Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Kyoto thu\u1ed9c Công \u01b0\u1edbc khung c\u1ee7a Liên h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i khí h\u1eadu (UNFCCC), là m\u1ed9t C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 liên quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp và quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi các n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang phát tri\u1ec3n. M\u1ee5c tiêu c\u1ee7a CDM là (1) giúp các n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang phát tri\u1ec3n (trong \u0111ó có Vi\u1ec7t Nam) \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 phát tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi góp ph\u1ea7n vào vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c tiêu cu\u1ed1i cùng c\u1ee7a UNFCCC là \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 khí nhà kính trong khí quy\u1ec3n \u1edf m\u1ee9c có th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khí h\u1eadu và (2) giúp các n\u01b0\u1edbc phát tri\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cam k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf và gi\u1ea3m phát th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khí nhà kính. CDM cho phép và khuy\u1ebfn khích các doanh nghi\u1ec7p, công ty, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Nhà n\u01b0\u1edbc và t\u01b0 nhân c\u1ee7a các n\u01b0\u1edbc phát tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 án gi\u1ea3m phát th\u1ea3i khí nhà kính v\u1edbi chi phí th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i các n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang phát tri\u1ec3n và nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tín d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng "Gi\u1ea3m phát th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn" (CERs) – kho\u1ea3n tín d\u1ee5ng này \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tính vào ch\u1ec9 tiêu gi\u1ea3m phát th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a các n\u01b0\u1edbc phát tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8829"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8829"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8829\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19070,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8829\/revisions\/19070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8829"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8829"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8829"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}