{"id":8762,"date":"2005-08-14T23:47:58","date_gmt":"2005-08-14T16:47:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2005\/08\/mot-so-bien-phap-phong-tru-quan-ly-benh-hai-keo-tai-tuong-o-lam-truong-da-te-lam-dong\/"},"modified":"2019-09-24T15:50:45","modified_gmt":"2019-09-24T08:50:45","slug":"mot-so-bien-phap-phong-tru-quan-ly-benh-hai-keo-tai-tuong-o-lam-truong-da-te-lam-dong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/mot-so-bien-phap-phong-tru-quan-ly-benh-hai-keo-tai-tuong-o-lam-truong-da-te-lam-dong\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf l\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1 t\u1ebb \u2013 L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

TS. Ph\u1ea1m Quang Thu<\/p>\n

Ph\u00f2ng Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1eebng<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chung v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    L\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1 T\u1ebbh tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c S\u1edf N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n t\u1ec9nh L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n 400 ha r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Acacia mangium<\/i> v\u00e0 keo l\u00e1 tr\u00e0m Acacia auriculiformis.<\/i> H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e0y, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u1edbn, tr\u00ean 2800 mm. Nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 2200 c\u00e2y\/ha, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t cao, n\u00ean r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng sau 2-3 n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e9p t\u00e1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu r\u1eebng keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng 4-5 tu\u1ed5i, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e8n \u00e9p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e2y, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i th\u00e2n, g\u00e2y n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 bong v\u1ecf l\u00e0m ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y b\u1ecb h\u00e9o v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed5 g\u1eaby \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 1\/5 \u0111\u1ebfn 1\/4 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y t\u00ednh t\u1eeb ng\u1ecdn, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb 7 \u0111\u1ebfn 59% tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 118,5 ha (theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a L\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1 T\u1ebbh). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 L\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1 T\u1ebbh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. L\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

    Chi c\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec3m d\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00f9ng II, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng v\u0103n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1 T\u1ebbh l\u00e0 do 2 lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m k\u00fd sinh: Diplodia<\/i> sp. v\u00e0 Verticillium <\/i>sp. N\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh Verticillium<\/i> th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau, hoa, c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y r\u1eebng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m Verticillium albo-atrum<\/i>, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec3m d\u1ecbch \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 20 – 250<\/sup>C. Khi c\u00e2y b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh, ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u00e1n l\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb h\u00e9o, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft (George N. Agrios, 1997). Nh\u01b0ng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh c\u00e1c r\u1eebng keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1 T\u1ebbh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u tr\u1ee9ng ch\u1ebft ng\u1ecdn. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ea5m Diplodia<\/i> sp. th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y n\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ebft lo\u00e9t tr\u00ean th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y m\u1ee5c c\u00e1c phi\u1ebfn g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao (George N. Agrios, 1997). Nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t \u00edt trong c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n

    M\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7n B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 do n\u1ea5m Phialophora bubakii<\/i> (Laxa) Schol-Schwarz (theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Xu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c, B\u00e1o L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2001). N\u1ea5m Phialophora<\/i> ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ch\u00ednh, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 g\u1eb7p khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh (Kenneth M. Old, th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n).<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Khoa L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 L\u00e2m s\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u00d4xtr\u00e2ylia nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh c\u00e2y b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00e2y keo \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee3t \u0111i\u1ec1u tra b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i keo c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n: b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i l\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i th\u00e2n c\u00e0nh. B\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i l\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh sau:<\/p>\n

    -B\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea5n tr\u1eafng do n\u1ea5m Oidium <\/i>spp.; th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i keo \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng khi c\u00f2n non.<\/p>\n

    -B\u1ec7nh b\u1ed3 h\u00f3ng do n\u1ea5m Meliola<\/i> spp.; th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i keo \u1edf ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00e1n, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ecb che s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt.<\/p>\n

    -B\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m l\u00e1 do t\u1ea3o Cephaleuros virescens<\/i>, th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, t\u00e1n l\u00e1 d\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

    -B\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m l\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u00e1y l\u00e1 do n\u1ea5m Cylindrocladium<\/i> spp., n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i keo \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y nh\u01b0 r\u1ec5, th\u00e2n, c\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u00e1.<\/p>\n

    -B\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m l\u00e1 do c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i: Cercospora<\/i> sp., Pseudocercospora<\/i> sp., Phaeotrichoconis crotalariae<\/i>, Collectotrichum gloeosporioides<\/i>, Pestalotiopsis<\/i> spp., Phomopsis<\/i> spp. v\u00e0 Phyllosticta<\/i> sp.<\/p>\n

    B\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i th\u00e2n c\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh sau:<\/p>\n

    -B\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea5n h\u1ed3ng do n\u1ea5m Corticium salmonicolor<\/i>.<\/p>\n

    -B\u1ec7nh lo\u00e9t th\u00e2n c\u00e0nh do n\u1ea5m Botryosphaeria<\/i> spp.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra thu m\u1eabu v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

    2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u:<\/b><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    -\u0110\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tri\u1ec7u tr\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh ngo\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh l\u00fap c\u1ea7m tay. Thu th\u1eadp m\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. Quan s\u00e1t s\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m, c\u01a1 quan sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi soi n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi quang h\u1ecdc. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng PDA. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i, gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i keo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1edf \u00d4xtr\u00e2ylia, \u0110\u00f4ng Nam Ch\u00e2u \u00e1 v\u00e0 \u1ea5n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Kenneth M. Old v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2000.<\/p>\n

    -\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh th\u00f4ng qua \u00f4 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 10000 m2.<\/p>\n

    3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u:<\/b><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    3.1. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

    B\u1ec7nh do n\u1ea5m k\u00fd sinh v\u1ecf c\u1ee7a c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y v\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u00e2y. B\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1ecf th\u00e2n c\u00e2y hay c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1ecb che b\u00f3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1eeb 1\/5 \u0111\u1ebfn 1\/4 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y t\u00ednh t\u1eeb ng\u1ecdn. Quan s\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh l\u00fdp c\u1ea7m tay t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m nh\u1ecf, m\u1ecbn m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf c\u00e2y. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u1edbp v\u1ecf, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng da cam tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1ecf c\u00e2y n\u01a1i b\u1ecb n\u1ea5m x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m do c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m b\u1ea5t th\u1ee5, gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 b\u00e0o t\u1eed h\u1eefu t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m. \u0110\u1ebfm cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, l\u1edbp m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng da cam n\u00e0y nh\u1ea1t d\u1ea7n m\u00e0u tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng b\u1ea9n, v\u1ecf c\u00e2y b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t ra, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed7, s\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o th\u00e2n, c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb n\u1ea5m x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ecdn b\u1ecb h\u00e9o, ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u1ee5ng ngay. \u0110\u1ec9nh ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed5 g\u1eaby, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 g\u00e3y, c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc ch\u1ed3i m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng l\u00f4 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng, m\u00f9a m\u01b0a ti\u1ebfp theo nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed3i m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, th\u00e2n c\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed3i ng\u1ecdn, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eadm ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eebng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1eb7ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2y b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    3.2. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan sinh s\u1ea3n n\u1ea5m:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

    Quan s\u00e1t tr\u00ean k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi quang h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00f3 4 b\u00e0o t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea3m, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 sau: chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng 13,0mm, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 60,0 mm, b\u00e0o t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh oval h\u01a1i nh\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 6,0-7,5 x 9,1-11,2 mm.<\/p>\n

    3.3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i: <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

    Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf tri\u1ec7u tr\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 b\u00e0o t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea3m, n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

    -T\u00ean b\u1ec7nh: B\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea5n h\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

    -Lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m: Corticium salmonicolor<\/i> Berk. & Br.; T\u00ean kh\u00e1c: Pellicularia<\/i> salmonicolor<\/i> (Berk. & Br.) Dastur.<\/p>\n

    -T\u00ean chi: Corticium<\/i> Persoon.<\/p>\n

    -H\u1ecd: Corticiaceae<\/i><\/p>\n

    -B\u1ed9: Aphyllophorales<\/p>\n

    -L\u1edbp: Hymenomycetes.<\/p>\n

    -Ng\u00e0nh: N\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea3m Basidiomycotina.<\/p>\n

    3.4. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

    C\u00e2y ch\u1ee7<\/b>: N\u1ea5m Corticium salmonicolor<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m k\u00fd sinh v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi nh\u01b0: c\u00e2y ca cao, c\u00e2y ch\u00e8, c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, c\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec1u, c\u00e2y cao su v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y r\u1eebng nh\u01b0: c\u00e2y b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n, c\u00e2y keo…(Browne, 1968). Lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o c\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u00e2y xuy\u00ean qua l\u1edbp v\u1ecf, ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 t\u1ea7ng libe l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft c\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u1ea5m x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m. C\u00e2y \u1edf m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb n\u1ea5m x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1<\/b>: N\u1ea5m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh m\u1ea1nh \u1edf v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n \u1ea5m h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

    B\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc<\/b>: B\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea5n h\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a cao v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o m\u00f9a m\u01b0a. N\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y lan v\u00e0 x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o c\u00e2y \u1edf c\u1ea3 2 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00e0o t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea3m h\u1eefu t\u00ednh (Basidiospore) v\u00e0 b\u00e0o t\u1eed b\u1ee5i (conidia) c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng qua gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0o t\u1eed trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt.<\/p>\n

    3.5. \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh t\u1edbi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

    Theo nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Malaysia, Indonesia v\u00e0 \u1ea5n \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u01b0: Chin n\u0103m 1990, Lee n\u0103m 1993, Hadi v\u00e0 Nuhama n\u0103m 1997, Sharma v\u00e0 Florence n\u0103m 1997, b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea5n h\u1ed3ng do n\u1ea5m Corticium salmonicolor<\/i> nh\u00ecn chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 \u00edt khi g\u00e2y n\u00ean h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m c\u00e2y b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft. S\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng th\u00e2n c\u00e2y do c\u00e2y b\u1ecb g\u00e3y ng\u1ecdn t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u1ea5m x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o th\u00e2n c\u00e2y c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y khi c\u00e2y b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb t\u00e1i x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tra tr\u00ean \u00f4 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1 T\u1ebbh cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e2y b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh (g\u00e3y ng\u1ecdn)92%. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u1ea5t c\u00e1c c\u00e1c c\u00e2y g\u00e3y ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ecdc ch\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y b\u1ecb t\u00e1i x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m, ch\u1ed3i ng\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 5%. Trong tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p n\u1eb7ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m, v\u1ecf c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y do n\u1ea5m x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 bong ra qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft song v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn t\u1eeb 15-20% s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y trong \u00f4 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

    3.6. Ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1i<\/i><\/b>:<\/i><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Khi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb b\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t n\u1ea5m. Theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Lim v\u00e0 Khoo n\u0103m 1985 \u1edf Malaysia, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung d\u1ecbch Bordeaux c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 sau: CuSO4<\/sub>:CaO:H2<\/sub>O = 1:2:10r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi r\u1eebng cao su, v\u01b0\u1eddn xo\u00e0i b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea5n h\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

    Tuy nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea5n h\u1ed3ng n\u00f3i ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2y r\u1eebng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed l\u1edbn. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n

    -\u0110i\u1ec1u tra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh. Khi b\u1ec7nh m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh c\u00f2n \u00edt, x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c Bordeaux n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 1% phun ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e9t l\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

    -Ch\u1eb7t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2y b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u1ecfi r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ngu\u1ed3n x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n

    -Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng qu\u00e1 m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c l\u00f4 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 cao su.<\/p>\n

    -Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf cao l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng, xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a tr\u00ean 2000 mm n\u0103m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    1.\tT\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chung v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y:
    \nL\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1 T\u1ebbh tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c S\u1edf N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n t\u1ec9nh L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n 400 ha r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Acacia mangium v\u00e0 keo l\u00e1 tr\u00e0m Acacia auriculiformis. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e0y, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u1edbn, tr\u00ean 2800 mm. Nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 2200 c\u00e2y\/ha, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t cao, n\u00ean r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng sau 2-3 n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e9p t\u00e1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu r\u1eebng keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng 4-5 tu\u1ed5i, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e8n \u00e9p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e2y, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i th\u00e2n, g\u00e2y n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 bong v\u1ecf l\u00e0m ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y b\u1ecb h\u00e9o v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed5 g\u1eaby \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 1\/5 \u0111\u1ebfn 1\/4 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y t\u00ednh t\u1eeb ng\u1ecdn, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb 7 \u0111\u1ebfn 59% tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 118,5 ha (theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a L\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1 T\u1ebbh). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[21],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8762"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8762"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8762\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19201,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8762\/revisions\/19201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8762"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8762"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8762"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}