{"id":8761,"date":"2005-08-14T23:46:12","date_gmt":"2005-08-14T16:46:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2005\/08\/benh-kho-la-thong-va-mot-so-giai-phap-han-che-anh-huong-cua-benh\/"},"modified":"2019-09-24T15:50:56","modified_gmt":"2019-09-24T08:50:56","slug":"benh-kho-la-thong-va-mot-so-giai-phap-han-che-anh-huong-cua-benh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/benh-kho-la-thong-va-mot-so-giai-phap-han-che-anh-huong-cua-benh\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4 l\u00e1 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh"},"content":{"rendered":"

TS. Ph\u1ea1m Quang Thu<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u<\/b><\/p>\n

Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 2001 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1999 th\u00ec c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 1.471.394 ha r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm 218.056 ha (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a, th\u00f4ng m\u00e3 v\u0129, th\u00f4ng ba l\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng carib\u00ea), \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 3 sau b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n v\u00e0 keo. C\u00e2y th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf cao, g\u1ed7 cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y, nh\u1ef1a th\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u01a1n, vecni, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c. C\u00e2y th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai tr\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ea5t tho\u00e1i ho\u00e1 c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i m\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng ch\u00ednh trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh 5 tri\u1ec7u ha r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Tuy nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nguy c\u01a1 v\u1ec1 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng. S\u00e2u, b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 s\u00e2u h\u1ea1i, qua \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 45 lo\u00e0i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i s\u00e2u \u0103n l\u00e1, s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee5c th\u00e2n, s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee5c n\u00f5n\u2026 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y th\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 ong \u0103n l\u00e1 th\u00f4ng, s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee5c n\u00f5n th\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u00e2u r\u00f3m th\u00f4ng Dendrolimus punctatus<\/i> Walker v\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 ph\u00e1 h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng trong th\u1eddi gian qua c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e2y con \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m v\u00e0 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0: b\u1ec7nh th\u1ed1i c\u1ed5 r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y con \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m, b\u1ec7nh r\u01a1m l\u00e1 th\u00f4ng, b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0ng c\u00f2i, b\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng h\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng ba l\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4 x\u00e1m l\u00e1 th\u00f4ng. Trong th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng m\u00e3 v\u0129 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1ef9 – H\u00e0 T\u00e2y, L\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n \u2014 Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh, H\u00e0 Trung – Thanh Ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4 L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2014 Ngh\u1ec7 An \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e1 th\u00f4ng b\u1ecb kh\u00f4 c\u00f3 m\u1ea7u n\u00e2u h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecf. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, b\u1ec7nh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00e1n l\u00e1, l\u00e1 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh b\u1ecb kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e1 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa l\u00e1 sau \u0111\u00f3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e1 b\u1ecb kh\u00f4. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a b\u1ec7nh lan d\u1ea7n l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00e1n l\u00e1 v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e1 b\u1ecb kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh, ph\u00f2ng Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1eebng thu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thu m\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh t\u1ea1i Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1ef9, H\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t sinh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

2. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/b><\/p>\n

– V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u: M\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e1 th\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu t\u1eeb c\u00e1c r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh t\u1ea1i Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1ef9, H\u00e0 T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

– Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u: Quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi soi n\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9a b\u00e0o t\u1eed v\u00f4 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u00e1 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea5m b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng kim nh\u1ecf t\u00e1ch to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean lam k\u00ednh, d\u1eb1m nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t, ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh b\u00e0o t\u1eed n\u1ea5m tr\u00ean k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi quang h\u1ecdc BX 50 v\u1edbi v\u1eadt k\u00ednh ph\u1ea3n pha.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

3.X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh<\/b><\/p>\n

Lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 sau: T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9a b\u00e0o t\u1eed v\u00f4 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp bi\u1ec3u b\u00ec c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e1 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1ed9 ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u trong m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a l\u00e1. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 250 mm. T\u1ebf b\u00e0o sinh b\u00e0o t\u1eed c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 15 \u0111\u1ebfn 20 mm, b\u00e0o t\u1eed v\u00f4 t\u00ednh khi th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u \u0111en, h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee9ng d\u00e0i, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0o t\u1eed t\u1eeb 35 \u0111\u1ebfn 40 mm, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 16 mm, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ngang nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u00e0o t\u1eed n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ngang gi\u1ea3. B\u00e0o t\u1eed v\u00f4 t\u00ednh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n c\u1ee5t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a chi Sphaeropsis<\/i> (m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u1edf \u1ea3nh 1). \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Brian C. Sutton n\u0103m 1980 trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch: L\u1edbp n\u1ea5m xoang (The Coelomycetes), theo ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ainsworth v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 1973, lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4 l\u00e1 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1ef9, H\u00e0 T\u00e2y c\u00f3 t\u00ean nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

-T\u00ean lo\u00e0i: Sphaeropsis sapinea<\/i> (Fr.) Dyko & Sutton<\/p>\n

-T\u00ean chi: Sphaeropsis<\/i> Saccardo<\/p>\n

-H\u1ecd n\u1ea5m v\u1ecf b\u00e0o t\u1eed Sphaerioidaceae<\/p>\n

-B\u1ed9 n\u1ea5m v\u1ecf b\u00e0o t\u1eed Sphaeropsidaceae<\/p>\n

-L\u1edbp n\u1ea5m xoang: Coelomycetes<\/p>\n

-Ng\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5 n\u1ea5m b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n: Deuteromycotina<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m Sphaeropsis sapinea<\/i> (Fr.) Dyko & Sutton c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a sau:<\/p>\n

–Diplodia pinea<\/i> (Desm) Kickx, Petrak & Sydow,<\/p>\n

–Macrophoma pinea<\/i> (Desm) Petrak & Sydow v\u00e0<\/p>\n

–Macrophoma sapinea<\/i> (Fr.) Petrak.<\/p>\n

4. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

N\u1ea5m Sphaeropsis sapinea<\/i> l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m k\u00fd sinh ki\u00eam ho\u1ea1i sinh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c l\u00e1 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u1ea5m ch\u1ec9 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00e2n c\u00e2y g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh lo\u00e9t th\u00e2n, r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh th\u1ed1i r\u1ec5 hay ch\u1ed3i non c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ebft ng\u1ecdn th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u00e0o t\u1eed n\u1ea5m n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u1ea5m v\u00e0 \u1ea9m. N\u1ea5m Sphaeropsis sapinea<\/i> g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0: th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a, th\u00f4ng m\u00e3 v\u0129, th\u00f4ng carib\u00ea, \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0: Pinus patula<\/i>, P. pinaster<\/i>, P. radiata<\/i>, P. elliottii<\/i>, v\u00e0 P. taeda<\/i>. Lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0: kh\u00f4 l\u00e1, ch\u1ebft ng\u1ecdn, lo\u00e9t th\u00e2n c\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ed1i r\u1ec5. L\u00e0 lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng \u1edf Nam Phi<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao, t\u00e1n l\u00e1 d\u00e0y, \u00edt c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u1edf t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng k\u00e9m. Theo Dr. T.A. Cutinho, b\u1ec7nh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c sau s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

4. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4 l\u00e1 th\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb kh\u00f4 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. Lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh, b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

-Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e2m sinh: tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00fang l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00e9m, b\u1ecb \u00fang ng\u1eadp c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 trong m\u00f9a m\u01b0a. Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a, th\u00f4ng m\u00e3 v\u0129 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng carib\u00ea tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m th\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi 1200 mm\/n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

-Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m d\u1ecbch: ch\u1eb7t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2y b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ti\u00eau hu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ec7nh. Kh\u00f4ng thu h\u00e1i h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 \u1edf v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

-Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb b\u1ec7nh cho r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng. Khi b\u1ec7nh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0: carbendazim, daconil.<\/p>\n

-Ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu b\u1ec7nh cao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u<\/p>\n

Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 2001 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1999 th\u00ec c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 1.471.394 ha r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm 218.056 ha (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a, th\u00f4ng m\u00e3 v\u0129, th\u00f4ng ba l\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng carib\u00ea), \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 3 sau b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n v\u00e0 keo. C\u00e2y th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf cao, g\u1ed7 cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y, nh\u1ef1a th\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u01a1n, vecni, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c. C\u00e2y th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai tr\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ea5t tho\u00e1i ho\u00e1 c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i m\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng ch\u00ednh trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh 5 tri\u1ec7u ha r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Tuy nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nguy c\u01a1 v\u1ec1 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng. S\u00e2u, b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 s\u00e2u h\u1ea1i, qua \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 45 lo\u00e0i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i s\u00e2u \u0103n l\u00e1, s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee5c th\u00e2n, s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee5c n\u00f5n\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[21],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8761"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8761"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8761\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19202,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8761\/revisions\/19202"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8761"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8761"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8761"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}