<\/p>\n
Pham Quang Thu<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/p>\n
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1. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/b><\/p>\n
G\u1ed7 c\u00e2y B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y, d\u0103m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, g\u1ed7 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i…ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady,trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua, lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf quy m\u00f4 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 c\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 2001, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1999, th\u00ec c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 1.471.394 ha r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng trong \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n l\u00e0 348.001 ha chi\u1ebfm 23,7 %. T\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 \u0111\u1ebfn nay d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh ch\u00e1y l\u00e1, ch\u1ebft ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Trung (g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng v\u00e0 Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf). Theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0: Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Ngh\u0129a n\u0103m 1992, Sharma, 1994 v\u00e0 K. Old v\u00e0 Yuan n\u0103m 1995 cho th\u1ea5y di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh l\u00ean t\u1edbi 50% t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eadp trung, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Petford. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e2y B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n ra kh\u1ecfi danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t sinh c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n
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2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u tra, thu th\u1eadp m\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. Th\u1eddi gian \u0111i\u1ec1u tra b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9, th\u00e1ng 10 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 11. Ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i c\u00e2y n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng PDA. Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 chi n\u1ea5m Cylindrocladium <\/i>c\u1ee7a Pedro.W.Crous v\u00e0 Michael J. Wingfield n\u0103m 1994.<\/p>\n
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3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/b><\/p>\n
Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh: <\/b>C\u00e1c l\u00e1 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1m, xung quanh m\u00e9p c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 v\u1ebft m\u1edd. Nh\u1eefng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1ea3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u, l\u00e1 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 r\u1ee5ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i b\u00e0o t\u1eed n\u1ea5m tr\u00ean l\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3i b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh l\u00fap c\u1ea7m tay. B\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 t\u00e1n l\u00e1 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n. B\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 sau: Ch\u00e1y l\u00e1, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a phi\u1ebfn l\u00e1 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e1 s\u00e1t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t sau lan r\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e1 r\u1ed3i r\u1ee5ng (xem \u1ea3nh 1); ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111en \u1edf th\u00e2n c\u00e2y con sau \u0111\u00f3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2y b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
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<\/b>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh: <\/b><\/p>\n
B\u00e0o t\u1eed v\u00f4 t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, tr\u00f2n \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 61 \u0111\u1ebfn 101 mm, trung b\u00ecnh 84 mm, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfm 7 mm, trung b\u00ecnh 6 mm, b\u00e0o t\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 5 v\u00e1ch ng\u0103n (\u1ea3nh 2). N\u1ea5m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m b\u1ea5t th\u1ee5 d\u00e0i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh chu\u1ef3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u. Trong nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khu\u1ea9n l\u1ea1c m\u00e0u n\u00e2u hay m\u00e0u ghi v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3o t\u1eed.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o Cylindrocladium<\/i> n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ch\u00e1y l\u00e1, kh\u00f4 c\u00e0nh, ng\u1ecdn B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0: Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum<\/i> Boedijn & Reitsma, <\/i>thu\u1ed9c Ho: Moniliaceae, B\u1ed9 Hyphomycetales, l\u1edbp: Hyphomycetes, ng\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5 n\u1ea5m b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n: Deuteromycetes.<\/p>\n
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C\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1: <\/b>Lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Trung v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam b\u1ed9. N\u1ea5m Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum<\/i> g\u00e2y n\u00ean b\u1ec7nh ch\u00e1y, r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1, ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4 ng\u1ecdn. Lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n v\u00e0 Keo. R\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng E. camaldulensis<\/i>\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Petford b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00f9ng lo\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
B\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc: <\/b>B\u1ec7nh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m cao tr\u00ean 1800 mm, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a hai th\u00e1ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 350 mm. \u0110\u1ea7u m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u00e1 gi\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00e1n l\u00e1, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n lan l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng r\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft ng\u1ecdn. B\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y lan theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a v\u00e0 gi\u00f3. N\u1ea5m qua \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0o t\u1eed v\u00e1ch d\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh: <\/b>N\u1ea5m g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Trung v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta; h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn ha b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh, c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9m. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m th\u00e2n c\u00e2y d\u1ecb d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.<\/p>\n
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Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb:<\/b><\/p>\n
+ V\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m:<\/b> V\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf n\u01a1i tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n
+ S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec7nh:<\/b> H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu t\u1eeb c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u00fang k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea9m m\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ec7nh. C\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gieo \u01b0\u01a1m: ng\u00e2m h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m 500<\/sup>C, d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t sau \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng: captan 0.5%, thiram 0.5%, thu\u1ed1c 0.5% trong th\u1eddi gian 15 ph\u00fat ho\u1eb7c DM-45 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 1% trong th\u1eddi gian 30 ph\u00fat. C\u00f3 th\u1eed d\u00f9ng tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng 260 nm v\u1edbi 6 gi\u1edd \/ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t b\u00e0o t\u1eed n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh b\u00e1m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n + \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u:<\/b> D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi nh\u1eb9, t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng ch\u01b0a hoai. \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t x\u00f4ng h\u01a1i methyl bromide hay chloropicrin tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00f3ng b\u00e0u. Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea7u c\u0169 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft do b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n + Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y con:<\/b> Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2y con c\u1edbm n\u1eafng, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u1ecf, x\u00e1o v\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t b\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p. C\u00e1c c\u00e2y con b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u1ecfi v\u01b0\u1eddm \u01b0\u01a1m v\u00e0 ti\u00eau hu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e2y lan. C\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 di r\u1eddi c\u00e2y con b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh khi \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t. Trong hai th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng phung ph\u00f2ng 1 l\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 carbendazim 0,1% li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 0,3 lit\/m2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n + T\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/b> Ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ao h\u1ed3 g\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. Ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng clo ho\u1eb7c ozon.<\/p>\n + Ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n:<\/b> Ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1m qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00ec x\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n + M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e2y con:<\/b> C\u00e2y con kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t qu\u00e1 d\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng, gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y v\u00ec b\u00e0o t\u1eed n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ec9 n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n + S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc:<\/b> Kh\u00f4ng phun thu\u1ed1c ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n Khi b\u1ec7nh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng: <\/b><\/p>\n Ch\u1eb7t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e0nh l\u00e1 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, mang ra kh\u1ecfi r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau hu\u1ef7. Phun thu\u1ed1c ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e2y lan: thu\u1ed1c ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0: zineb 1%, daconil 0.1%, carbendazim 1%. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn lo\u00e0i, xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eadp trung v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch qu\u00e1 l\u01a1n B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Petford, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m cao tr\u00ean 1800 mm, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 2 th\u00e1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ean 350 mm. Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n uro E. urophylla<\/i> d\u00f2ng PN2 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng Nam b\u1ed9, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n lai d\u00f2ng U6 v\u00e0 W5 t\u1ea1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 B\u00ecnh Ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 1. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u:
\nG\u1ed7 c\u00e2y B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y, d\u0103m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, g\u1ed7 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i…ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua, lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf quy m\u00f4 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 c\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 2001, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1999, th\u00ec c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 1.471.394 ha r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng trong \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n l\u00e0 348.001 ha chi\u1ebfm 23,7 %. T\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 \u0111\u1ebfn nay d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh ch\u00e1y l\u00e1, ch\u1ebft ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Trung (g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng v\u00e0 Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf). Theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0: Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Ngh\u0129a n\u0103m 1992, Sharma, 1994 v\u00e0 K. Old v\u00e0 Yuan n\u0103m 1995 cho th\u1ea5y di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh l\u00ean t\u1edbi 50% t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eadp trung, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Petford. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[21],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8758"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8758"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8758\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19200,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8758\/revisions\/19200"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8758"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8758"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8758"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}