Ph\u1ea1m Quang Thu<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/p>\n
1. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u<\/b><\/p>\n
C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh ch\u00e1y l\u00e1, kh\u00f4 c\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n do n\u1ea5m Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum<\/i> g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i l\u00e1 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1m l\u00e1, \u0111\u00f4i khi nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c u nh\u1ecf, tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e1 s\u1ea7n s\u00f9i v\u00e0 c\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf, ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y b\u1ecb kh\u00f4 h\u00e9o sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdc l\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ed3i v\u00e0 l\u00e1 non c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a. Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u1edf kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. Sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y n\u00ean b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 n\u1ea5m Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti<\/i>Sankaran & Sutton. Lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum<\/i>, g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ch\u00e1y l\u00e1, kh\u00f4 c\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n, ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t sinh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m cao th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean 1.800 mm, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 k\u00e8m th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 2 th\u00e1ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 350 mm v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng l\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 100<\/sup>C (Ken Old, 1999). Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti<\/i> l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. N\u1ea5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a cao, th\u01b0\u1eddng trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n 700 mm \u2013 2500 mm. ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m l\u00e1 do B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n do n\u1ea5m Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti<\/i> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t sinh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m l\u00e1 do n\u1ea5m Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti<\/i> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh gi\u00fap cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do b\u1ec7nh g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n 2. N\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u <\/b><\/p>\n N\u1ed9i dung:<\/i><\/p>\n – M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh<\/p>\n – B\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n<\/p>\n – \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/i><\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u tra, thu th\u1eadp m\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. Th\u1eddi gian \u0111i\u1ec1u tra b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9, th\u00e1ng 10 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 11 trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1998 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2004.<\/p>\n Ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp n\u1ea5m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nu\u00f4i c\u00e2y \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ken Old, 1999; nu\u00f4i c\u00e2y n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng PDA.<\/p>\n Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Sukaran, K.V., Brian C. Sutton v\u00e0 Balasundaran, M. 1995.<\/p>\n 3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/b><\/p>\n Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh: <\/b>N\u1ea5m Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti<\/i> g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0: \u0110\u1ed1m l\u00e1, kh\u00f4 c\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y. Lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00e1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng Eucalyptus camaldulensis<\/i> v\u00e0 B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n uro E. urophylla<\/i>. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1m b\u1ec7nh r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c tr\u00ean l\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u t\u1ed1i. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 gi\u00e0, v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh l\u1edbn c\u00f3 m\u00e0u h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecf, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t l\u00e0m cho m\u1eb7t l\u00e1 g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ec9nh ng\u1ecdn b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec9nh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdc c\u00e1c l\u00e1 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n l\u00e1 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u00e1n l\u00e1 b\u1eb9t l\u1ea1i, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. Khi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng, r\u1eebng b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n b\u1ecb r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean ph\u00eda ng\u1ecdn, s\u1ed1 l\u00e1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb s\u1ea7n s\u00f9i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng (xem \u1ea3nh 1).<\/p>\n \u1ea3nh 1: R\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n d\u00f2ng U6 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh :<\/b><\/p>\n Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh ch\u00e9n m\u00e0u n\u00e2u \u0111en n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u trong ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a l\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ngay tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a l\u00e1, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh l\u00fap c\u1ea7m tay ngay t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3i \u01b0\u1edbt, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1m b\u00e0o t\u1eed v\u00f4 t\u00ednh m\u00e0u kem. Quan s\u00e1t b\u00e0o t\u1eed v\u00f4 t\u00ednh tr\u00ean k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi quang h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 v\u1eadt k\u00ednh ph\u1ea3n pha, b\u00e0o t\u1eed v\u00f4 t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t (xem \u1ea3nh 2). Khi quan s\u00e1t b\u00e0o t\u1eed v\u00f4 t\u00ednh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1eadt k\u00ednh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, b\u00e0o t\u1eed v\u00f4 t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01a1i b\u1eb1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a chi n\u1ea5m Cryptosporiopsis<\/i>. B\u00e0o t\u1eed v\u00f4 t\u00ednh c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 11 \u0111\u1ebfn 26 \u00e0m, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 4,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 \u00e0m.<\/p>\n \u1ea3nh 2: b\u00e0o t\u1eed v\u00f4 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti<\/i><\/p>\n Trong nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y, n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm, khu\u1ea9n l\u1ea1c c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u nh\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0u x\u00e1m h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed1i b\u00e0o t\u1eed nh\u00e0y tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i sau kho\u1ea3ng 1 tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean, n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m l\u00e1, kh\u00f4 ng\u1ecdn b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti<\/i>Sankaran & Sutton, thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd: Melanconiaceae, b\u1ed9 Melanconiales, l\u1edbp n\u1ea5m: Coelomycetes, ng\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5 n\u1ea5m b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n: Deuteromycotina.<\/p>\n C\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1: <\/b>Lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam Ch\u00e2u \u00e1, \u00fac, \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Nam m\u1ef9.<\/p>\n B\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc: <\/b>B\u1ec7nh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u00e1 gi\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00e1n l\u00e1, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n lan l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh ng\u1ecdn nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed3i m\u1edbi v\u1edbi l\u00e1 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. B\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y lan theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a v\u00e0 gi\u00f3. N\u1ea5m qua \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0o t\u1eed v\u00e1ch d\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t. Lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y g\u1eb7p kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n.<\/p>\n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh: <\/b>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do hai lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti <\/i>v\u00e0 Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum<\/i> g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u00f4i khi ngang b\u1eb1ng nhau. N\u1ea5m Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum<\/i> g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y n\u1eefa; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti<\/i> c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea5m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn v\u00e0 c\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. Do \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng E. camaldulensis<\/i> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n lai U6, W5 tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a cao. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u1edf c\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh: <\/b>B\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p tu\u1ed5i. Khi b\u1ec7nh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sau:<\/p>\n – Ch\u1eb7t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e0nh l\u00e1 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, mang ra kh\u1ecfi r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau hu\u1ef7.<\/p>\n – Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i l\u00e0 \u1ed5 d\u1ecbch, \u0111\u00e3 canh t\u00e1c B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n qua nhi\u1ec1u chu k\u1ef3, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh cao. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn lo\u00e0i, xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh. Theo Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Ngh\u0129a (2000), c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n sau c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m l\u00e1 do n\u1ea5m Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti<\/i> l\u00e0: B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n brassiana E. brassiana<\/i> xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Jackey Jackey 13874, xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 NE Bamaga 13415; B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n pellita E. pellita<\/i>; B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tere E. tereticornis<\/i> xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Oro Bay 13399 v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Sirinumu 13418.<\/p>\n – Khi c\u00e2y b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 phun thu\u1ed1c ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e2y lan: thu\u1ed1c ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0: zineb 1%, daconil 0.1%, carbendazim 1%.; v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 200 – 400 l\u00edt\/ha.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 1. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u<\/p>\n C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh ch\u00e1y l\u00e1, kh\u00f4 c\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n do n\u1ea5m Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i l\u00e1 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1m l\u00e1, \u0111\u00f4i khi nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c u nh\u1ecf, tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e1 s\u1ea7n s\u00f9i v\u00e0 c\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf, ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y b\u1ecb kh\u00f4 h\u00e9o sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdc l\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ed3i v\u00e0 l\u00e1 non c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a. Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u1edf kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. Sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y n\u00ean b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 n\u1ea5m Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti Sankaran & Sutton. Lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum, g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ch\u00e1y l\u00e1, kh\u00f4 c\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n, ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t sinh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m cao th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean 1.800 mm, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 k\u00e8m th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 2 th\u00e1ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 350 mm v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng l\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 100C (Ken Old, 1999)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[21],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8756"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8756"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8756\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19206,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8756\/revisions\/19206"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8756"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}