{"id":8738,"date":"2009-03-24T04:24:43","date_gmt":"2009-03-23T21:24:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2009\/03\/ket-qua-nghien-cuu-lai-giong-mot-so-loai-bach-dan\/"},"modified":"2019-09-24T11:03:22","modified_gmt":"2019-09-24T04:03:22","slug":"ket-qua-nghien-cuu-lai-giong-mot-so-loai-bach-dan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ket-qua-nghien-cuu-lai-giong-mot-so-loai-bach-dan\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u lai gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n"},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u lai gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n<\/h2>\n

<\/h1>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7t C\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em><\/h1>\n

Trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y r\u1eebng<\/em><\/h1>\n

Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t t\u0103ng. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e2m canh t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh t\u1ebf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft. ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady trong quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi 5 tri\u1ec7u hecta \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb nay \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2010 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u00f5: t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn, lai t\u1ea1o, nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y r\u1eebng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao. <\/em><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 dung h\u1ee3p t\u1ebf b\u00e0o tr\u1ea7n, bi\u1ebfn n\u1ea1p gen v.v… Tuy v\u1eady, lai gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u00e2y lai v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n

Lai gi\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e2y r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t cao. \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, lai gi\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e2y r\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, v\u00ec v\u1eady ” K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/em> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u lai gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n<\/em> “nh\u1eb1m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng lai c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n. N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ” B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u lai gi\u1ed1ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n” do nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh Nguy\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7t C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2003.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 3 lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n ur\u00f4 (Eucalyptus urophylla)<\/em>, b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n caman (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)<\/em> v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n li\u1ec5u (Eucalyptus exserta)<\/em>. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c chi ph\u1ee5 Symphyomyrtus <\/em>( Willcox, 1997), Pryor & Johnson, 1971 n\u00ean r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 lai gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

I.V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h5>\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m lo\u00e0i, xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9. C\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed9i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n ur\u00f4 (U) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Lembata (U23<\/sub>) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb khu tr\u1ed3ng kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 n\u0103m 1991 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e0 (Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb), xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Lewotobi (U15, U17) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn trong khu kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 n\u0103m 1993 t\u1ea1i C\u1ea9m Qu\u1ef3 (H\u00e0 T\u00e2y) v\u00e0 c\u00e2y gh\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 U29. C\u00e2y tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n caman(C) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f2i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ngh\u0129a B\u00ecnh (C1, C2, C3,) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y gh\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 C4. C\u00e2y tr\u1ed9i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n li\u1ec5u (E) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb n\u00f2i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i Ba V\u00ec (E1, E2)<\/p>\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y lai thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 U6 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 PN2, PN14 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n ur\u00f4 l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e0 (Uro \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng), b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n caman (Caman c\u00f4ng ty gi\u1ed1ng).<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ra hoa theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho 30 c\u00e2y t\u1ea1i Ba V\u00ec (H\u00e0 T\u00e2y) \u1edf 3 m\u00f9a hoa li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 20 – 30OC<\/sup>; 4OC<\/sup>; -30OC<\/sup>. S\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m (%) h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m sau 24 gi\u1edd trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng do Pryor \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t (Van Wyk, 1981) g\u1ed3m agar (1,5%), \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (35%)v\u00e0 axit boric (250 ppm).<\/p>\n

Lai gi\u1ed1ng (th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t) theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Moncur (1995), ph\u00e9p lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cho t\u1eebng c\u1eb7p c\u00e2y b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lai gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u01b0u th\u1ebf lai cho t\u1eebng c\u1eb7p lai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m theo William v\u00e0 Matheson (1994). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed theo kh\u1ed1i h\u00e0ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh DATAPLUS, GENSTAT (Williams & Matheson, 1994)<\/p>\n

Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch th\u00e2n c\u00e2y c\u1ea3 v\u1ecf (V) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau<\/p>\n

pD2<\/sup>1.3<\/sub><\/p>\n

V = —————– . H.f<\/p>\n

4<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3 f l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh s\u1ed1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh = 0,5.<\/p>\n

II. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u lai gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ed1ng lai<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u1edf hoa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong lai gi\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u1edf hoa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n ur\u00f4, b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n caman v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n li\u1ec5u t\u1ea1i Ba V\u00ec (1994 – 1997) cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u1ee5 hoa, n\u1edf hoa v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp n\u0103m 1996 l\u00e0m th\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n

– B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n caman c\u00f3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u1edf hoa t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 2 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 6.<\/p>\n

– B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n li\u1ec5u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1edf hoa ng\u00e0y 15 – 25 th\u00e1ng 5, k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u1edf hoa ng\u00e0y 1 – 10 th\u00e1ng 7,<\/p>\n

– B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n ur\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u1edf hoa t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 8 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 10<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady gi\u1eefa b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n caman v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n li\u1ec5u c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 20 ng\u00e0y tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u1edf hoa (15\/V – 10\/VI). M\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n nh\u1edd c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng (Van Wyk, 1981), v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lai gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean gi\u1eefa hai lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng lai t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean gi\u1eefa b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n li\u1ec5u v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1eefa b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n ur\u00f4 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n caman v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n li\u1ec5u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1ec1 n\u1edf hoa. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra gi\u1ed1ng lai gi\u1eefa b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n ur\u00f4 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n caman v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n ur\u00f4 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n li\u1ec5u ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh lai gi\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef<\/h3>\n

H\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n caman, b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n ur\u00f4 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n li\u1ec5u sau khi l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng silicagel \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 25 – 30oC<\/sup> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef trong 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau: 25- 30OC<\/sup>, 4OC<\/sup> v\u00e0 -30OC<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf b\u1ea3ng 1 cho th\u1ea5y khi c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong ph\u00f2ng 25 – 30OC<\/sup> th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 sau 1 tu\u1ea7n h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n ur\u00f4 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n caman \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t (c\u00f2n 13,3 – 15,0%), \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ea5t s\u1ee9c n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m. \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 4OC<\/sup> h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 – 30OC<\/sup> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong 4 n\u0103m v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3m g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda so v\u1edbi ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Theo Moncur (1995) th\u00ec h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m 10% v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 lai gi\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n l\u00e0 -30OC<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 1. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u1edf c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau<\/em><\/p>\n

(S\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 4 \u0111\u0129a Petri, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u0129a \u0111\u1ebfm 200 h\u1ea1<\/em>t)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Lo\u00e0i<\/strong><\/td>\nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef (OC<\/sup>)<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m ban \u0111\u1ea7u (%)<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m (%)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1 th\u00e1ng<\/strong><\/td>\n1 n\u0103m<\/strong><\/td>\n2 n\u0103m<\/strong><\/td>\n4 n\u0103m<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
“<\/strong>X<\/strong><\/td>\nV%<\/strong><\/td>\n`<\/strong>X<\/strong><\/td>\nV%<\/strong><\/td>\n`<\/strong>X<\/strong><\/td>\nV%<\/strong><\/td>\n`<\/strong>X<\/strong><\/td>\nV%<\/strong><\/td>\n`<\/strong>X<\/strong><\/td>\nV%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n ur\u00f4<\/td>\n-30<\/td>\n71,8<\/td>\n2,26<\/td>\n70,7<\/td>\n5,19<\/td>\n62,7<\/td>\n10,2<\/td>\n50,6<\/td>\n17,62<\/td>\n41,0<\/td>\n13,98<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\n71,8<\/td>\n2,26<\/td>\n68,7<\/td>\n3,54<\/td>\n43,2<\/td>\n19,47<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20 – 30<\/td>\n71,8<\/td>\n2,26<\/td>\n13,3*<\/td>\n21,49<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n caman<\/td>\n-30<\/td>\n82,0<\/td>\n4,13<\/td>\n81,5<\/td>\n2,78<\/td>\n74,5<\/td>\n6,11<\/td>\n62,8<\/td>\n5,68<\/td>\n44,3<\/td>\n21,35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\n82,0<\/td>\n4,13<\/td>\n69,3<\/td>\n5,12<\/td>\n51,7<\/td>\n18,14<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20 – 30<\/td>\n82,0<\/td>\n4,13<\/td>\n15,9*<\/td>\n11,15<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

* S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m sau 1 tu\u1ea7n.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

3. Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a nhu\u1ef5<\/h3>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ee5y hoa ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong lai gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. C\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1ee5y hoa cho c\u1ea3 3 lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y sau khi n\u1eafp r\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 – 2 ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f2n thon nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh nh\u1ea1t (\u1ea3nh 1 e) \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 3 \u0111\u1ea7u nhu\u1ef5 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n sang m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ed3ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y (\u1ea3nh 1 g), \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 4 \u0111\u1ea7u nhu\u1ef5 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t (\u1ea3nh 1 h), c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 7 (\u1ea3nh 1 i, k). Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Hodgson (1976), Griffin v\u00e0 Hand (1976), Polunia (1959).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a nh\u1ee5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf b\u1ea3ng 2. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c lo\u00e0i cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 3 lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n sau khi kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ef1c 1 ho\u1eb7c 2 ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3, th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n cho b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n ur\u00f4b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n li\u1ec5u t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 3 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 6 th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 16%, 83%, 19.4%, 6,5%, khi b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n li\u1ec5u l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n ur\u00f4 l\u00e0m b\u1ed1 th\u00ec t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 17,8%, 71,3%, 15,9%, 4,7%, c\u00f2n khi b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n caman l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n ur\u00f4l\u00e0m b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 5,9%, 27,2%, 16,3%, 4,8%. Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u1ea3 3 lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n n\u00e0y th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 4 sau kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ea1t cao nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ee5y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 4, nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n. Th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 7 sau kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ef1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3, quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ee5y \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1m n\u00e2u s\u1eabm ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e9o. C\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c lo\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n microcorys, B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n grandis, B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n saligna, B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n ter\u00ea, B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n Pellita c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 4 sau kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 cao nh\u1ea5t. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 4 sau kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ef1c c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ea1t cao nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f2n khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 2 c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ea1t khi th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c U xE c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 31,2% v\u00e0 52,5 h\u1ea1t\/qu\u1ea3, \u1edf c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c E xU c\u00f3 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 27,4% v\u00e0 32,4 h\u1ea1t\/qu\u1ea3, c\u00f2n c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c C xU l\u00e0 13,6% v\u00e0 22,1 h\u1ea1t\/qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 2: <\/em>\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t trong qu\u1ea3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111<\/em>\u00e0n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y<\/strong><\/td>\nTh\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n sau kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ef1c(ng\u00e0y)<\/strong><\/td>\nS\u1ed1 hoa kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/td>\nS\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 (%)<\/strong><\/td>\nS\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t trong qu\u1ea3<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u00e2y m\u1eb9<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00e2y b\u1ed1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
E.urophylla<\/em><\/h6>\n<\/td>\n
E. exserta<\/em><\/td>\n1<\/td>\n110<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n125<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n156<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n16,0<\/td>\n49,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/strong><\/td>\n188<\/strong><\/td>\n156<\/strong><\/td>\n83,0<\/strong><\/td>\n86,7<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n165<\/td>\n32<\/td>\n19,4<\/td>\n45,6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\n184<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n6,5<\/td>\n28,1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\n156<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
TB<\/em> <\/strong><\/h6>\n<\/td>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n31,2<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n52,5<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
E. exserta<\/em><\/h6>\n<\/td>\n
E.urophylla<\/em><\/td>\n1<\/td>\n132<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n135<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n197<\/td>\n35<\/td>\n17,8<\/td>\n22,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/strong><\/td>\n181<\/strong><\/td>\n129<\/strong><\/td>\n71,3<\/strong><\/td>\n52,7<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n201<\/td>\n32<\/td>\n15,9<\/td>\n39,2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\n148<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n4,7<\/td>\n15,3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\n191<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
TB<\/em><\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n27,4<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n32,4<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E.camaldulensis<\/em><\/td>\nE.urophylla<\/em><\/td>\n1<\/td>\n125<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n110<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n135<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n5,9<\/td>\n15,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/strong><\/td>\n125<\/strong><\/td>\n34<\/strong><\/td>\n27,2<\/strong><\/td>\n38,2<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n98<\/td>\n16<\/td>\n16,3<\/td>\n22,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\n124<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n4,8<\/td>\n11,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\n108<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TB<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n13,6<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n22,1<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/h3>\n

4. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y lai v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9<\/h3>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i l\u00e1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ngay \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e2y m\u1ea1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y lai.<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u1edf b\u1ea3ng 3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p lai thu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch U29<\/sub>E1<\/sub>, E1<\/sub>U29<\/sub> c\u00f3 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 12,1; 11,1, c\u00f2n b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 U29<\/sub>, E1<\/sub>, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 9,5; 10,3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p lai n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf lai v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u00e1 so v\u1edbi b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00f2n chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p lai U29<\/sub>E1<\/sub>, E1<\/sub>U29<\/sub> c\u00f3 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 2,8; 2,3; 21,5; 16,2 v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 U29<\/sub>, E1<\/sub> c\u00f3 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 6,0; 0,9; 39,2; 6,6. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p lai n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh trung gian gi\u1eefa b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p lai U17<\/sub>C1<\/sub> c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u00e1 v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e011,7; 5,7; 45,8 c\u00f2n b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 U17<\/sub>, C1<\/sub> c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 9,6; 5,6; 37,4; 10,5; 3,1; 21,4. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p lai n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf lai c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i, r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u00e1. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Venkatesh v\u00e0 Sharma (1979) v\u1ec1 lai gi\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa E. tereticornis<\/em> v\u1edbi E. grandis<\/em> c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e2y lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf lai ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh trung gian gi\u1eefa hai lo\u00e0i b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9. T\u00ednh trung gian n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i l\u00e1, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc hoa, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ecb, qu\u1ea3…..T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p lai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch, l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c trung gian gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 (b\u1ea3ng 3).<\/p>\n

<\/h5>\n
B\u1ea3ng 3. H\u00ecnh th\u00e1i, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n lai v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 <\/em>m\u1eb9<\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/td>\nH\u00ecnh th\u00e1i l\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\nDi\u1ec7n t\u00edch (cm2<\/sup>)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D\u00e0i (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\nR\u1ed9ng (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
`<\/strong>X<\/td>\nV%<\/strong><\/td>\n`X<\/td>\nV%<\/strong><\/td>\n`X<\/td>\nV%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
U29<\/td>\n9,5<\/td>\n11,2<\/td>\n6,0<\/td>\n16,5<\/td>\n39,2<\/td>\n24,6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
U29 E1<\/td>\n12,1<\/td>\n8,6<\/td>\n2,8<\/td>\n12,7<\/td>\n21,5<\/td>\n16,1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E1 U29<\/td>\n11,1<\/td>\n9,2<\/td>\n2,3<\/td>\n9,4<\/td>\n16,2<\/td>\n14,6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E1<\/td>\n10,3<\/td>\n11,2<\/td>\n0,9<\/td>\n17,5<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n9,2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
U17<\/td>\n9,6<\/td>\n12,5<\/td>\n5,6<\/td>\n9,4<\/td>\n37,4<\/td>\n15,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
U17 C1<\/td>\n11,7<\/td>\n10,4<\/td>\n5,7<\/td>\n13,6<\/td>\n45,8<\/td>\n19,6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C1 U17<\/td>\n11,3<\/td>\n11,1<\/td>\n4,3<\/td>\n13,6<\/td>\n32,7<\/td>\n20,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C1<\/td>\n10,5<\/td>\n11,8<\/td>\n3,1<\/td>\n16,6<\/td>\n21,4<\/td>\n25,1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

5. Sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e2y lai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

5.1. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n lai n\u0103m 1999<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n lai t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1999. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t feralitic ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean di\u1ec7p th\u1ea1ch \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e0 (Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb). Tham gia kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m g\u1ed3m 9 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p lai UE, EU v\u00e0 UC. C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng U6<\/sub> nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c (do X\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh cung c\u1ea5p), PN2 <\/sub>v\u00e0 PN14<\/sub> c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f9 Ninh (gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u1edf Trung t\u00e2m c\u00e2y nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea5y Ph\u00f9 Ninh), b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n ur\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e0 (Uro \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng) v\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda B\u1eafc (Uro c\u00f4ng ty gi\u1ed1ng) v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n caman (Caman c\u00f4ng ty gi\u1ed1ng).<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4 tu\u1ed5i (b\u1ea3ng 4) cho th\u1ea5y d\u00f2ng U6 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh th\u00e2n c\u00e2y l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a U6, PN2, PN14 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p lai U15C4, U29E2, E2U29, U29E1, E1U29,U29C3, U15E4. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p lai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c h\u01a1n c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng (U6, PN2, PN14, Ur\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Uro c\u00f4ng ty gi\u1ed1ng, Camal c\u00f4ng ty gi\u1ed1ng), c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p lai \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng 100% sau 4 n\u0103m l\u00e0 U29E2, E2U29 v\u00e0 E1U29.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 4. Sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n lai t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e0, Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb <\/em><\/p>\n

(12\/1999 – 12\/2003).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
TT<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p<\/h4>\n<\/td>\n

D1.3(cm)<\/strong><\/td>\nHvn(m)<\/strong><\/td>\nV(dm3<\/sup>\/c\u00e2y)<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/td>\nS\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i\/ha<\/strong><\/td>\nN\u0103ng su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n

(m3<\/sup>\/ha\/n\u0103m)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Xtb<\/strong><\/td>\nV%<\/strong><\/td>\nXtb<\/strong><\/td>\nV%<\/strong><\/td>\nXtb<\/strong><\/td>\nV%<\/strong><\/td>\n%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nU6<\/td>\n13.4<\/td>\n9.2<\/td>\n12.8<\/td>\n3.8<\/td>\n93.2<\/td>\n6.8<\/td>\n73<\/td>\n1209<\/td>\n28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nPN2<\/td>\n12.9<\/td>\n11.5<\/td>\n13.0<\/td>\n5.7<\/td>\n89.3<\/td>\n7.4<\/td>\n67<\/td>\n1101<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nPN14<\/td>\n12.8<\/td>\n4.5<\/td>\n13.2<\/td>\n2.0<\/td>\n85.3<\/td>\n5.6<\/td>\n77<\/td>\n1266<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nU15C4<\/td>\n11.4<\/td>\n11.4<\/td>\n12.8<\/td>\n6.6<\/td>\n67.7<\/td>\n9.2<\/td>\n83<\/td>\n1374<\/td>\n23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nU29E2<\/td>\n11.3<\/td>\n11.7<\/td>\n12.2<\/td>\n7.5<\/td>\n64.5<\/td>\n9.7<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n1650<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\nE2U29<\/td>\n11.5<\/td>\n8.8<\/td>\n12.2<\/td>\n5.0<\/td>\n64.5<\/td>\n8.8<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n1650<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nU29E1<\/td>\n10.6<\/td>\n16.3<\/td>\n12.6<\/td>\n6.8<\/td>\n58.4<\/td>\n10.9<\/td>\n90<\/td>\n1485<\/td>\n22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\nE1U29<\/td>\n10.6<\/td>\n11.5<\/td>\n12.2<\/td>\n6.3<\/td>\n56.4<\/td>\n10.4<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n1650<\/td>\n23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nU29C3<\/td>\n10.6<\/td>\n11.7<\/td>\n11.5<\/td>\n9.0<\/td>\n55.0<\/td>\n10.3<\/td>\n90<\/td>\n1485<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nU15E4<\/td>\n10.1<\/td>\n17.6<\/td>\n11.9<\/td>\n12.2<\/td>\n52.2<\/td>\n12.2<\/td>\n97<\/td>\n1601<\/td>\n21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\nUro \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td>\n10.0<\/td>\n20.1<\/td>\n10.6<\/td>\n10.9<\/td>\n45.8<\/td>\n13.7<\/td>\n83<\/td>\n1374<\/td>\n16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\nU15E2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghiên c\u1ee9u lai gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 loài b\u1ea1ch \u0111àn Cùng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 phát tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xã h\u1ed9i, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 g\u1ed7 và các s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m khác t\u1eeb r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng ngày m\u1ed9t t\u0103ng. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng ngày càng \u0111i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng thâm canh t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c tiêu kinh t\u1ebf rõ ràng, yêu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng có ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao ngày càng tr\u1edf nên c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft. chính vì v\u1eady trong quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng chính ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 án tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi 5 tri\u1ec7u hecta \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb nay \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2010 \u0111ã nêu rõ: t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c nghiên c\u1ee9u tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn, lai t\u1ea1o, nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i các gi\u1ed1ng cây r\u1eebng có kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thích nghi t\u1ed1t và \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao. Ngày nay, công ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111ã có nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc phát tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc, có th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng cây tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng các ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pháp khác nhau khác nhau nh\u01b0 dung h\u1ee3p t\u1ebf bào tr\u1ea7n, bi\u1ebfn n\u1ea1p gen v.v… Tuy v\u1eady, lai gi\u1ed1ng và ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc cây lai v\u1eabn là ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pháp ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra các gi\u1ed1ng cây tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi có n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8738"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8738"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8738\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19093,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8738\/revisions\/19093"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8738"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8738"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8738"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}