H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t (CNUED, 1992, Rio de Janeiro) v\u00e0 n\u0103m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00f9ng n\u00fai (2002) \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00f9ng n\u00fai v\u00e0 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n
T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c FAO (t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c) gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u” c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y<\/p>\n
1. R\u1eebng mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u. T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gia t\u0103ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c: c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n d\u00e2n tr\u00ed v\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
2. Vi\u1ec7c trang b\u1ecb c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u00e1t v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng n\u00fai.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng n\u00fai ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
V\u00f9ng n\u00fai l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, n\u00f3 gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1p n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc phong ph\u00fa, nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, nh\u1eefng khu ngh\u1ec9 m\u00e1t sang tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n
Chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n 1\/5 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u00f9ng n\u00fai \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3ng 1\/10 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho h\u01a1n 1\/2 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t (1992-Rio de Janeiro) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua “Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng 21” g\u1ed3m 40 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ch\u1eef k\u00fd c\u1ee7a 181 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c “Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u2013 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai” (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 13) n\u00eau r\u00f5:<\/p>\n
” V\u00f9ng n\u00fai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng, n\u01a1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc” c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0: qu\u1eb7ng, n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c danh lam th\u1eafng c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i l\u1edbn n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh ch\u00fang ta, h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00f9ng n\u00fai l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00f9ng n\u00fai t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhanh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5t gia t\u0103ng, s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t nhanh th\u1ed5 ng\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng n\u00fai v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n \u0111i. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00fai tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00f9ng n\u00fai v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ngay.<\/p>\n
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 13 c\u1ee7a “Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng 21” l\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hai l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00f9ng n\u00fai.<\/p>\n
– Gia t\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu\u1ef7 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00fai quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai.<\/p>\n
R\u1eebng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n thu nh\u1eadp v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng n\u00fai n\u00ean n\u00f3 gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong v\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m v\u1eeba qua IUFRO v\u00e0 OEFM \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai.<\/p>\n
V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 r\u1eebng mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 r\u1eebng mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng trong n\u00f3, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh th\u00e1i s\u1ea3n sinh trong l\u00f2ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia, t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00f9ng n\u00fai l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u, l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00e1c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n, r\u1eebng, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n
R\u1eebng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec1n n\u00fai v\u00f9ng n\u00fai nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi hay \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng n\u00fai l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau. C\u00e2y c\u1ed1i, r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf c\u00f9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng \u2013 l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n
Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng cao l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 (Pratt, Preston, 1998).<\/p>\n
Mai V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n L\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed “Bois et For\u00eats des Tropiques, No 270\/2001)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 trái \u0111\u1ea5t (CNUED, 1992, Rio de Janeiro) và n\u0103m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf vùng núi (2002) \u0111ã mang l\u1ea1i cho h\u1ec7 sinh thái vùng núi và c\u01b0 dân s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111ó m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 môi tr\u01b0\u1eddng và phát tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8696"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8696"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8696\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19224,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8696\/revisions\/19224"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8696"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8696"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8696"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}