V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n sinh th\u00e1i Cotacachia Cayapas (RECC) ph\u00eda T\u00e2y b\u1eafc Ecuadorl\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t theo m\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n
D\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sinh h\u1ecdc (SUBIR) \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Esmeraldas t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1991. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap sinh k\u1ebf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n do CARE qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c USAID h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 5 ph\u1ea7n: nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt – gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc – c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t – th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p: Qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u1edf c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u2013 sau khi c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai – l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 r\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, r\u1eebng th\u1ee9 sinh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n
\u00b7 H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c;<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng;<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t sinh h\u1ecdc;<\/p>\n
\u00b7 T\u00ednh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0: sinh h\u1ecdc, l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng – l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
Fundaci\u00f3n Jatun Sacha, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Ecuadorv\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n CARE s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng; v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd (xem Thomas & Jolitz 2000). Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tri\u1ec3n khai, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c \u1edf c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u1eefng trang tr\u1ea1i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng con su\u1ed1i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi \u1edf c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh, s\u00e2u trong r\u1eebng. Ch\u00fang \u00edt khi c\u00f3 ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c khai th\u00e1c cho t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m; h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t chung chung. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat t\u1ed1i \u0111a s\u1ef1 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n
Giao th\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00f4ng; cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u0103n b\u1eafn, \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1, thu h\u00e1i v\u00e0 canh t\u00e1c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chu\u1ed1i, c\u00e2y ng\u1ecdc gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u00faa. Thu nh\u1eadp l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u00e1n g\u1ed7; th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ca cao, nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c; h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng v\u00e0ng l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n mua b\u00e1n v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i .<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u1eefng khu v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u1edf Costa Rica; Maginis, 1998), nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng trang tr\u1ea1i t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, gi\u00e1 g\u1ed7 th\u1ea5p, nhi\u1ec1u nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong r\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf Esmeraldas.<\/p>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c khai th\u00e1c r\u1eebng c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Afroecuadorian v\u00e0 Chachi; th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n khai th\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng, su\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n g\u1ed7 sau khi khai th\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o- \u0111\u1ea9y, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u0103n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f2n seo \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 tr\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n th\u00ec d\u00f9ng c\u01b0a x\u0103ng, c\u01b0a ngay trong r\u1eebng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh b\u00e8 th\u1ea3 tr\u00f4i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c r\u1eebng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, nhu c\u1ea7u g\u1ed7 t\u0103ng l\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c r\u1eebng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. Ngo\u00e0I vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f2n khai th\u00e1c c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf \u00edt gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7i.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sau:<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh di\u1ec7n t\u00edch khu v\u1ef1c khai th\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1<\/p>\n
nh\u00e2n, h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c trang tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng th\u1ea5p<\/p>\n
\u00b7 H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt do khai th\u00e1c theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i khu r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1ed3m 2 ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 : Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd trang tr\u1ea1i<\/p>\n
Hai l\u00e0 : \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn lo\u00e0I c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n
D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch khung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1eebng h\u1ed9 d\u00e2n; c\u00e1c k\u1ebf hoach c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i \u00fd v\u1edbi chuy\u00ean gia l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n sau khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n chia ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 trang tr\u1ea1i theo nh\u1eefng ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e0nh cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba m\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf n\u01a1I \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do sau:<\/p>\n
\u00b7 C\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd nhanh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n
th\u1eb3ng \u1edf trong r\u1eebng (xem Jolitz 2000)<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Nh\u1eefng ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u1eadm ch\u00ed<\/p>\n
kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chu vi c\u1ee7a trang tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ranh gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng theo c\u00e1c n\u0103m c\u1ee7a trang tr\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch khai th\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00f4ng tin tham kh\u1ea3o cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y trong t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n
Khi c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng v\u00e0 trang tr\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoanh v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 v\u1ebd tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 theo t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c ri\u00eang, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e2y v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c c\u00e2y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc g\u1ea7n nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ho\u00e1. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 4 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n suy t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y:<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n suy t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch hay thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 2 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n suy t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n g\u1ed7 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ef7.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 3 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a khu r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c gieo gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a khu r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 4 nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 khai th\u00e1c. V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee9 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y to, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n khai th\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m khuy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u00ean khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c c\u00e2y to theo t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khai th\u00e1c m\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 4 c\u00e2y to c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngang ng\u1ef1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng 60cm trong 1 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 25m, v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i n\u00e0o r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n 3m th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean khai th\u00e1c 1 trong 4 c\u00e2y th\u00f4i. C\u00e2y th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 10 n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00f2n c\u00e1c c\u00e2y th\u1ee9 3, th\u1ee9 4 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u1ebfn khi ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y th\u1ee9 4 trong v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 25m \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngang ng\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng 60cm \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i. Chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 30 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc khi khai th\u00e1c song ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0o nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Cho n\u00ean trong lu\u1eadt l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi, Ecuador \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. H\u1ecd c\u1ea5m khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 6 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p khai \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 13 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y trong r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n
Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p trang tr\u1ea1i \u1edf Ecuador v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean tuy \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t .\/.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1eb7ng Thu\u00fd H\u1eb1ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n L\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: Tropical forest, volume 11, number 1, 2001<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Vùng \u0111\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n sinh thái Cotacachia Cayapas (RECC) phía Tây b\u1eafc Ecuadorlà m\u1ed9t khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng nhóm ho\u1eb7c cá nhân \u0111ôi khi l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i ích c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u này c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem xét \u0111\u1ebfn trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t theo m\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8684"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8684"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8684\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19236,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8684\/revisions\/19236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8684"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8684"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8684"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}