{"id":8682,"date":"2009-03-24T03:19:25","date_gmt":"2009-03-23T20:19:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2009\/03\/tiem-nang-bot-giay-cua-go-thong-caribe-trong-o-nuoc-ta\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T09:53:53","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T02:53:53","slug":"tiem-nang-bot-giay-cua-go-thong-caribe-trong-o-nuoc-ta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/tiem-nang-bot-giay-cua-go-thong-caribe-trong-o-nuoc-ta\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a g\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea Tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nguy\u1ec5n Huy S\u01a1n<\/em> <\/strong><\/h4>\n

Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0ng Qu\u1ed1c L\u00e2m, \u0110inh Ng\u1ecdc Nimh<\/em><\/h3>\n

Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Gi\u1ea5y-Xenluyl\u00f4<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/h1>\n

Th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea (Pinus caribaea<\/em> Morelet)<\/em> l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ch\u01b0a l\u00e2u, di\u1ec7n tUch g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u01b0a nh?u. Song, so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0: th\u00f4ng ba l\u00e1, th\u00f4ng m\u00e3 v\u0129 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a, th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kUnh v\u00e0 ch?u cao, th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00e0nh nh\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf, m\u1ea5u m\u1eaft Ut. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1ed9ng, thUch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh?u v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta (PhU Quang \u0110i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2001) n\u00ean di\u1ec7n tUch tr\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Do v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed7 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t?m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thiOt. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i “Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u1ed7 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u”<\/em><\/strong>, Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Gi\u1ea5y-Xenluyl\u00f4 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t?m n\u0103ng b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc nhanh, trong \u0111a ca th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea. Do th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, ch\u01b0a ca \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p tu\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp m\u1eabu v\u00e0 chO biOn th\u1eed n\u00ean kOt qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n chO. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c kOt qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf t?m n\u0103ng b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ca hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

I. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.1. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1eabu g\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y to rong tr\u1ed3ng 8; 11 v\u00e0 15 tu\u1ed5i \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i (V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac) v\u00e0 rong tr\u1ed3ng 12 tu\u1ed5i \u1edf Lang Hanh (L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng).<\/p>\n

1.2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

– M\u1eabu g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00e2y ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. M\u1ed7i c\u1ee1 tu\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea5y 3 c\u00e2y, m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y l\u1ea5y 3 m\u1eabu \u1edf 3 v\u1ecb trU tr\u00ean th\u00e2n: g\u1ed1c, gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y (\u0111\u1ea7u ng\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y \u0111On 10cm), m\u1ed7i m\u1eabu d\u00e0i 1,2m.<\/p>\n

– T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng (tUnh theo tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed7 kh\u00f4 ki\u1ec7t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TAPPI-T258 os-76. Th\u1ec3 tUch m\u1ed7i m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 tUch n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb chiOm ch\u1ed7 khi nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm m\u1eabu trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4 ki\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu s\u1ea5y \u1edf 1050<\/sup>C \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n chUnh x\u00e1c \u0111On mg. T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tUnh theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c (1), t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tUnh theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c (2):<\/p>\n

r<\/strong>m (kg\/m3<\/sup>)= Pk\/Vm (1)<\/p>\n

r<\/strong>(kg\/m3<\/sup>)= \u00e5r<\/strong>m\/n (2)<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111a:<\/p>\n

\u00b7 rm l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng m\u1eabu (kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 tUch m\u1eabu).<\/p>\n

\u00b7 rl\u00e0 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu (kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 tUch trung b\u00ecnh).<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Pk l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu kh\u00f4 ki\u1ec7t (s\u1ea5y \u1edf 1050<\/sup>C).<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Vm l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 tUch c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu<\/p>\n

– X\u1eed lu m\u1eabu g\u1ed7 theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TAPPI-T11m-59, b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch HNO3<\/sub> 3% \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i to 8-10 gi\u1edd. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n hu\u1ef7 l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng li\u00ean kOt v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi kUch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

– KUch th\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o tr\u00ean kUnh hi\u1ec3n vi ca \u0111\u1ed9 phang \u0111\u1ea1i 1000 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tUnh trung b\u00ecnh theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c (3) v\u00e0 (4):<\/p>\n

L(mm) = \u00e5l\/n (3)<\/p>\n

R(\u00e0m) = \u00e5r\/n (4)<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111a:<\/p>\n

\u00b7 L l\u00e0 ch?u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 R l\u00e0 ch?u r\u1ed9ng trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i (mm).<\/p>\n

\u00b7 l l\u00e0 ch?u d\u00e0i m\u1ed7i s\u1ee3i (mm), r l\u00e0 ch?u r\u1ed9ng m\u1ed7i s\u1ee3i (\u00e0m).<\/p>\n

\u00b7 n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee3i<\/p>\n

– Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a g\u1ed7 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sau:<\/p>\n

* Xenluyl\u00f4 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Kiurscher-Hoff.<\/p>\n

* Lignin theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p TAPPI-T13.<\/p>\n

* Pentozan theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p TAPPI-T19.<\/p>\n

* Tro theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p TAPPI-T15.<\/p>\n

* C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tan trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ed3n-benzen theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p TAPPI-T6.<\/p>\n

* C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tan trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p NaOH 1% theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p TAPPI-T4.<\/p>\n

* C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nang theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p TAPPI-T1.<\/p>\n

* C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p TAPPI-T1.<\/p>\n

II. KOt qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn.<\/strong><\/p>\n

2.1. T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng g\u1ed7<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

KOt qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n tUch \u1edf b\u1ea3ng 1 cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Lang Hanh cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng g\u1ed7 (r(kg\/m3<\/sup>) l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i c\u00f2n cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng g\u1ed7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i c\u00e2y, trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i tu\u1ed5i c\u00e2y c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng g\u1ed7 c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ca t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng cao h\u01a1n th\u00f4ng (Pinus oocarpa<\/em>) tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Ugandav\u00e0 g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng (Pinus silvestris<\/em>) c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng g\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta xOp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i trung b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 1. T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng g\u1ed7 theo tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y-\u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/td>\nTu\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/td>\nD1,3<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n

(cm)<\/td>\n

Hvn<\/strong><\/p>\n

(m)<\/td>\n

r<\/strong>m <\/strong>(kg\/m3<\/sup>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea – Lang Hanh (LH)<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n22,2<\/td>\n13,0<\/td>\n436<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea – \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i (\u0110L)<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n13,3<\/td>\n5,3<\/td>\n460<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea – \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i (\u0110L)<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n14,0<\/td>\n6,4<\/td>\n472<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea – \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i (\u0110L)<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n19,0<\/td>\n12,0<\/td>\n474<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u00f4ng Uganda(P. oocarpa<\/em>)<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n10,8<\/td>\n382<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u00f4ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (P. silvestris<\/em>)<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n470-480<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2.2. KUch th\u01b0\u1edbc x\u01a1 s\u1ee3i<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n tUch kUch th\u01b0\u1edbc x\u01a1 s\u1ee3i th\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i (b\u1ea3ng 2) cho th\u1ea5y ch?u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i t\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng ch?u r\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3m theo tu\u1ed5i c\u00e2y. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1c c\u1ee1 tu\u1ed5i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ca th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng tu\u1ed5i c\u00e2y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec ch?u d\u00e0i s\u1ee3i c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, ch?u r\u1ed9ng c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng m\u1ecbn n\u00ean ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9t c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 2. KUch th\u01b0\u1edbc x\u01a1 s\u1ee3i<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 <\/strong><\/td>\nTu\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/td>\nKUch th\u01b0\u1edbc x\u01a1 s\u1ee3i (tUnh trung b\u00ecnh)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/td>\n(N\u0103m)<\/td>\nD\u00e0i (mm)<\/td>\nR\u1ed9ng (\u00e0m)<\/td>\nT\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 (L\/R)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea – Lang Hanh (LH)<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n4,99<\/td>\n49,4<\/td>\n101<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea – \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i (\u0110L)<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n3,40<\/td>\n43,1<\/td>\n79<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea – \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i (\u0110L)<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n3,87<\/td>\n40,4<\/td>\n96<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea – \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i (\u0110L)<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n3,88<\/td>\n38,9<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u00f4ng Uganda(P. oocarpa<\/em>)<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n3,10<\/td>\n40,9<\/td>\n76<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u00f4ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (P. silvestris<\/em>)<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n3,40<\/td>\n35,0<\/td>\n97<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

So s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa hai v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i Lang Hanh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i th\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch?u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch?u r\u1ed9ng s\u1ee3i (L\/R) c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng 12 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Lang Hanh cao h\u01a1n th\u00f4ng to 8-15 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i. Do \u0111a, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Lang Hanh s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ca t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 L\/R cao h\u01a1n nh?u so v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng (P. oocarpa)<\/em> tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Uganda c\u00f9ng c\u1ea5p tu\u1ed5i, th\u1eadm chU \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 12-15 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng (P. silvestris)<\/em> Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u 20 tu\u1ed5i. \u0110?u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 kUch th\u01b0\u1edbc x\u01a1 s\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n

2.3. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nh?u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a g\u1ed7. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n xenluyl\u00f4 c\u00e0ng cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9t c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. KOt qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n tUch m\u1eabu (b\u1ea3ng 3) cho th\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Lang Hanh 12 tu\u1ed5i ca h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xenluyl\u00f4 kh\u00e1 cao (50,7%), cao h\u01a1n th\u00f4ng 2 l\u00e1 23 tu\u1ed5i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng 3 l\u00e1 13 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f9ng v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u 20 tu\u1ed5i. Th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i to 8-15 tu\u1ed5i c\u0169ng ca h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xenluyl\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 (45-47%).<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 3. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a g\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y-<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc (%)<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m-<\/strong><\/td>\nXen-<\/td>\nC\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tan trong:<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tu\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/td>\nluyl\u00f4<\/td>\nLig nin<\/td>\nPentozan<\/td>\nTro<\/td>\nN\u01b0\u1edbc nang<\/td>\nN\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh<\/td>\nC\u1ed3n-benzen<\/td>\nX\u00fat<\/p>\n

1%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

T. Carib\u00ea-L\u0110-12<\/td>\n50,7<\/td>\n25,7<\/td>\n15,4<\/td>\n0,19<\/td>\n2,9<\/td>\n1,7<\/td>\n2,8<\/td>\n12,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T. Carib\u00ea-VP-8<\/td>\n44,8<\/td>\n26,9<\/td>\n14,0<\/td>\n0,14<\/td>\n3,3<\/td>\n1,9<\/td>\n3,1<\/td>\n12,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T. Carib\u00ea-VP-11<\/td>\n46,1<\/td>\n27,3<\/td>\n13,5<\/td>\n0,19<\/td>\n2,8<\/td>\n1,9<\/td>\n2,9<\/td>\n12,2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T. Carib\u00ea-VP-15<\/td>\n46,8<\/td>\n27,7<\/td>\n13,1<\/td>\n0,21<\/td>\n2,7<\/td>\n1,7<\/td>\n2,3<\/td>\n11,6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T. 2l\u00e1-L.\u0110\u1ed3ng (L\u0110)-23<\/td>\n48,0<\/td>\n28,4<\/td>\n15,7<\/td>\n0,22<\/td>\n2,8<\/td>\n1,7<\/td>\n1,5<\/td>\n11,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T.3l\u00e1-L.\u0110\u1ed3ng (L\u0110)-13<\/td>\n50,6<\/td>\n29,3<\/td>\n13,7<\/td>\n0,22<\/td>\n3,0<\/td>\n1,5<\/td>\n2,1<\/td>\n11,3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T. oocarpa<\/em>-Uganda-10<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n28,9<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n1,5<\/td>\n1,5<\/td>\n1,1<\/td>\n10,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T. Silvestris<\/em>-Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u-20<\/td>\n51,9<\/td>\n28,2<\/td>\n11,2<\/td>\n0,23<\/td>\n0,6<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 lignin c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chO biOn b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, nOu h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y trong g\u1ed7 th\u1ea5p th\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chO biOn s\u1ebd Ut kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t s\u1ebd cao h\u01a1n. S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3ng 3 cho th\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Lang Hanh 12 tu\u1ed5i ca h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lignin th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. X\u00e9t trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i th\u00ec th\u1ea5y h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lignin t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n theo tu\u1ed5i. So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng (P.oocarpa)<\/em> tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Uganda th\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ed3n v\u00e0 x\u00fat c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta cao h\u01a1n nh?u, do v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chO biOn.<\/p>\n

III. KOt lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 kiOn ngh\u1ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. KOt lu\u1eadn<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1c kOt qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n tUch tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, ca th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Lang Hanh ca t?m n\u0103ng b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y cao h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n th\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tu\u1ed5i to 11-15 (c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p tu\u1ed5i). Nh\u01b0ng hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 20, th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta nai chung v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i nai ri\u00eang s\u1ebd ca t?m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng thua k\u00e9m th\u00f4ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n

KOt qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n ca u ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng gap ph\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u thUch h\u1ee3p sao cho kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm, v\u00ec t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a s\u1edbm s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ca hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111?u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a thUch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ca hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

2. KiOn ngh\u1ecb<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Do th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n chO v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng n\u00ean ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chUnh x\u00e1c tu\u1ed5i khai th\u00e1c thUch h\u1ee3p. Hi\u1ec7n nay vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tiOp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ed5 sung ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m sau.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n

1. PhU Quang \u0110i\u1ec7n:<\/strong>KOt qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t <\/em>Nam<\/em>,<\/em>B\u00e1o c\u00e1o H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i-6\/2001.<\/p>\n

2, Palmer E.R. and Gibbs J.A.:<\/em><\/strong>Pulping characteristics of Pinus oocarpa from <\/em>Uganda<\/em>,<\/em>Report of the Tropical Products Institute, 1984.<\/p>\n

3. Nikitin N.I.:<\/strong>Ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 Xenluyl\u00f4,<\/em> Nh\u00e0 XB Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc Li\u00ean X\u00f4, Matxcova, 1962.<\/p>\n

4. V\u0169 Qu\u1ed1c B\u1ea3o:<\/em><\/strong>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00f4xy-k?m,<\/em>B\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ed5ng kOt \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Gi\u1ea5y-Xenluyl\u00f4, th\u00e1ng 6\/2002.<\/p>\n

Summary<\/h2>\n

P.caribaea<\/em>Morelet<\/em> is a species introduced in Vietnamnot long ago but its growth is far faster than that of indigenous pines such as P.kesiya<\/em>, P.merkusu<\/em>, P.massoniana<\/em>. To provide raw material for paper making, initial researches on physical and chemical properties of P.caribaea <\/em>wood planted in Vietnam, 8-15 year old, show that pulping potential and pulp quality of this species potential and quality of this species is rather high: special density of wood varies from 436 to 474 kg\/m3<\/sup> depending on tree age, fibre length 3.40-3.99mm, length\/width ratio (L\/R) 79-101. Cellulose content is rather high and varies between 44.8-50.7%, lignin variation is 25.7-27.7%. Content of substances soluble in water, alcohol and sodium hydroxide is rather high but this can be overcome.<\/p>\n

Compared with some pines planted in overseas countries, P. caribaea<\/em> planted in our country provides raw material upto the standard for high quality pulp production.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thông Caribê (Pinus caribaea Morelet) là loài cây m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp và gây tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ch\u01b0a lâu, di\u1ec7n tUch gây tr\u1ed3ng ch\u01b0a nh?u. Song, so v\u1edbi các loài thông b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0: thông ba lá, thông mã v\u0129 và thông nh\u1ef1a, thông Caribê là loài cây sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kUnh và ch?u cao, thân hình th\u1eb3ng và \u0111\u1eb9p, cành nhánh nh\u1ecf, m\u1ea5u m\u1eaft Ut. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8682"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8682"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8682\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19238,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8682\/revisions\/19238"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8682"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8682"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}