{"id":8671,"date":"2009-03-24T03:14:32","date_gmt":"2009-03-23T20:14:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2009\/03\/trong-rung-hon-loai-o-vung-am-nhiet-doi-chau-phi\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T09:58:44","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T02:58:44","slug":"trong-rung-hon-loai-o-vung-am-nhiet-doi-chau-phi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/trong-rung-hon-loai-o-vung-am-nhiet-doi-chau-phi\/","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u1ea9m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi Ch\u00e2u Phi"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e2m sinh c\u1ed5. Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n theo \u0111\u00e1m ho\u1eb7c theo b\u0103ng v\u1edbi c\u1ef1 ly c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau trong r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean sau khai th\u00e1c. \u1edfCote d’Ivoireph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 nh\u01b0: Hertiera utilis, Khaya ivorensis, Terminalia ivorensis, Aucoumea klaineana, Entandrophagma spp, Lovoa trichilioides, Lophira alata, Guarea cedrata, Entandrophlogma angolense.<\/em> Sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i nh\u01b0: Entandrophragma cylindricum, Terminalia superba, Triplochiton scleroxylon, Thieghemella heckelli, Afzelia spp, Nauclea diderrichii, Mitragyna ciliata, Pycnanthus angolensis, Cedrela odorata, Tectona grandis, Gmelina arborea, Acacia mangium, Acacia auriculiformis, Cassia siamea vaf Eucalyptus<\/em>. Trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y cho g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y cung c\u1ea5p g\u1ed7 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u. Kho\u1ea3ng 14.000 ha r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Cute d’Ivoiret\u1eeb 1930 (Dupuy & Mile 1991).<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho ki\u1ec3u thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac r\u1eebng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng. Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng trong l\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i do. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i nh\u1eb1m:<\/p>\n

\u00b7 H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea7n b\u1ec7nh so v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ec c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 L\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i do b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng th\u00e2n c\u00e2y trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (trong m\u00f9a khai th\u00e1c ch\u00ednh) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng r\u1eebng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e0nh, nh\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 T\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u1ed7 t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a, khai th\u00e1c do vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 kinh doanh r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng th\u00ec m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e2m sinh n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho l\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0o, s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00e2m sinh ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111ang c\u00f2n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba n\u01a1i tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng. (Dupuy & Mile, 1991; Wormald, 1992; Evan, 1992).<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i theo hai chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau: S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a l\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n (Dauget, Dupuy & N’Guessan 1990). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng r\u1eebng. R\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng theo b\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c theo h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh. Tu\u1ef3 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh r\u1eebng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng ho\u1eb7c hai t\u1ea7ng.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c l\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng<\/em>: t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a hai lo\u00e0i l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau. Nh\u00e0 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i theo \u0111\u00e1m, theo h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c theo c\u00e2y tr\u00ean l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 nhau s\u1ebd thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c l\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n hai t\u1ea7ng<\/em>:<\/em>c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a. Theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm t\u1ea7ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ea7ng r\u1eebng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u1ec1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i, trong m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf, b\u1edfi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che b\u00f3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0: Heritiera utilis, Khaya ivorensis, K. anthoteca, Entandrophragma utile, E.angolense, Guarea cedrata, Tectona grandis, Cassia siamea v\u00e0 Leucaena leucocephala<\/em>. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu b\u00f3ng trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc nhanh.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (r\u1eebng m\u1ed9t hay hai t\u1ea7ng), theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch (r\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hay r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9) v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed7 (g\u1ed7 x\u1ebb, g\u1ed7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hay g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i).<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia ra 3 ki\u1ec3u r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

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  1. Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed7 x\u1ebb<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n giao n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 chu k\u1ef3 kinh doanh v\u1eeba (20-40 n\u0103m) ho\u1eb7c d\u00e0i (h\u01a1n 50 n\u0103m). S\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n giao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p theo t\u1eebng c\u1eb7p nh\u01b0: Terminalia ivorensis v\u00e0 T. superba<\/em>, T. superba v\u00e0 Triplochiton scleroxylon, Khaya ivorensis v\u00e0 Heritiera utilis, Khaya ivorensis v\u00e0 Aucoumea klaineana, Heritiera utilis v\u00e0 Aucoumea klaineana, Triplochiton scleroxylon v\u00e0 Gmelina arborea<\/em>. Hai lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 chu k\u1ef3 kinh doanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e2m sinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a).<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/em>(g\u1ed7 x\u1ebb, g\u1ed7 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c):<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n giao n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai t\u1ea7ng. Lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y ch\u00ednh chi\u1ebfm t\u1ea7ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 chu k\u1ef3 kinh doanh v\u1eeba (20-40 n\u0103m). M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed7 x\u1ebb. C\u00f2n lo\u00e0i th\u1ee9 hai s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 \u00edt c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p g\u1ed7 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 chu k\u1ef3 kinh doanh ng\u1eafn (5-10 n\u0103m), n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y l\u00e0: Tectona grandis v\u00e0 Acacia mangium, Gmelina arborea v\u00e0 Acacia auriculiformis, Cedrela odorata v\u00e0 Acacia mangium.<\/em><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        V\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng n\u00e0y, lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn c\u00f3 chu k\u1ef3 kinh doanh v\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c d\u00e0i (h\u01a1n 20 n\u0103m) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: Khaya spp v\u00e0 Leucaena leucocephala; Entandrophagma spp v\u00e0 Leucaena leucocephala; Tectona grandis v\u00e0 Acacia auriculiformis; Gmelina arborea v\u00e0 Acacia auriculiformis<\/em>. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea1n \u0111i k\u00e8m l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t, ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm b\u1edfi c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n (Musanga, Chrmolaena, Trema, Solanum, Imperata<\/em>) ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i do do l\u1eeda r\u1eebng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eadu th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ec n\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00fd h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nit\u01a1.<\/p>\n

        Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i<\/strong><\/p>\n

        V\u1edbi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e2m sinh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Khai th\u00e1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u1ec7 sinh sau khai th\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi Ch\u00e2u Phi th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o r\u1eebng b\u1eb1ng t\u00e1i sinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. Th\u00e2m canh, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i r\u1eebng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t hoang ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i do du canh du c\u01b0. R\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed7, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1eeda r\u1eebng, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n exsitu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

        L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan c\u1ee7a l\u1eeda r\u1eebng. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p trong tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp (nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eadu) ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn nhau (d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef m\u00f9n) nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u0111\u1ea5t (c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eadt l\u00fd). L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1m nh\u01b0: Pueraria phaseolioides, Centrosema pubescens ho\u1eb7c Calopogonium mucunoides<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u trong c\u00e1c r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng cao su c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hay r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y h\u1ecd d\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

        Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai lo\u00e0i tham gia h\u1ed7n giao v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ed5 xung cho c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd t\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e2m sinh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y ti\u00ean phong t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong r\u1eebng non th\u1ee9 sinh nh\u01b0: Terminalia spp, Triplochiton scleroxilon, Aucoumea klaineana, Nauclea diderrichi, Funtumia spp<\/em>, cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00edt b\u1ecb c\u1ea1nh tranh (Aubroville, 1947; Guillaumet & Adjanohoun, 1971; Alexandre, 1979; Trochain et al, 1980…). Khi c\u00f2n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1eebng non c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng gian dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ed1ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a b\u1edbt, thi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng gian s\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp l\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft \u0111i. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u1edf r\u1eebng gi\u00e0 th\u1ee9 sinh hay r\u1eebng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu ( Heritiera utilis, Khaya spp, Mansonia altissima, Entondrophragma spp, Milicia excelso<\/em>) c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 qua l\u1ea1i m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng do s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh nhau. Nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng khi b\u1ecb che b\u00f3ng \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n non v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec trong m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ebd sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh.<\/p>\n

        Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 xung cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 trong r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e2m sinh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng g\u1eafn k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e2m sinh cho r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. S\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i do v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i \u0111em l\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u00e0 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n giao.<\/p>\n

        Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Th\u1eafng <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

        L\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch, Bernard Dupuy, CIRAD – forest DFO\/IDEFOR<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n loài là m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n pháp lâm sinh c\u1ed5. Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng d\u01b0\u1edbi tán theo \u0111ám ho\u1eb7c theo b\u0103ng v\u1edbi c\u1ef1 ly cánh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ã t\u1ea1o ra các lâm ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed7n loài khác nhau trong r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhiên sau khai thác. \u1edfCote d'Ivoireph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng d\u01b0\u1edbi tán này \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1edbi các loài cây g\u1ed7 nh\u01b0: Hertiera utilis, Khaya ivorensis, Terminalia ivorensis, Aucoumea klaineana, Entandrophagma spp, Lovoa trichilioides, Lophira alata, Guarea cedrata, Entandrophlogma angolense.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8671"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8671"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8671\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19249,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8671\/revisions\/19249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8671"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8671"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8671"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}