{"id":8669,"date":"2009-03-24T03:13:59","date_gmt":"2009-03-23T20:13:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2009\/03\/ky-thuat-trong-cay-trau-la-xe-vernicia-montana-lour\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T09:59:08","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T02:59:08","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-cay-trau-la-xe-vernicia-montana-lour","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ky-thuat-trong-cay-trau-la-xe-vernicia-montana-lour\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng C\u00e2y tr\u1ea9u l\u00e1 x\u1ebb (Vernicia montana Lour)"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y tr\u1ea9u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Namt\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u1ea9u thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao 15 \u2013 16m. V\u1ecf c\u00e2y nh\u1eb5n m\u00e0u n\u00e2u nh\u1ea1t, c\u00e0nh non m\u00e0u l\u1ee5c. L\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n m\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch cu\u1ed1ng d\u00e0i 7 \u2013 12cm (c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t d\u00e0i 20cm), phi\u1ebfn l\u00e1 x\u1ebb 4-5 thu\u1ef7 s\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00e1 x\u1ebb n\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u00e1 nguy\u00ean h\u00ecnh tim \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e0nh. Hoa \u0111\u01a1n t\u00ednh c\u00f9ng g\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c g\u1ed1c, m\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh ch\u00f9m hoa \u0111\u1ef1c ri\u00eang, hoa c\u00e1i ri\u00eang. Ch\u00f9m hoa \u0111\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u hoa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 100-250 hoa trong khi ch\u00f9m hoa c\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 5-50 hoa m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m. Qu\u1ea3 nang h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 4-5cm, khi gi\u00e0 ho\u00e1 g\u1ed7 m\u1ed7i qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 3 h\u1ea1t, h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 v\u1ecf c\u1ee9ng m\u00e0u n\u00e2u s\u1eabm, ph\u00f4i nh\u0169 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn 3-4kg qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1kg h\u1ea1t, 1kg h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 300-400 h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh th\u00e1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea9u c\u00f3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ra hoa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1ea9m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh n\u0103m 20-250<\/sup>C, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a 1600-2500mm, s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng kh\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 3-4 th\u00e1ng. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t, tr\u1ea9u m\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t feralit v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7ng d\u00e0y >80cm tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 m\u1eb9 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch nh\u01b0 phi\u1ebfn th\u1ea1ch s\u00e9t, gnai, phi\u1ebfn th\u1ea1ch mica, poocphia, bazan\u2026 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi th\u1ecbt nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecbt trung b\u00ecnh, m\u00f9n 1,5-3%, \u0111\u1ea1m 0,1-0,2%. C\u00e2y m\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 pH = 5-5,5.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea9u l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111a t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ecdc nhanh. G\u1ed7 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m c\u1ee7i \u0111un, l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ea5m \u0103n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Do t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n, ch\u1ecbu ki\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i bi\u1ec3n sau khi s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n. Tr\u1ea9u l\u00e0 c\u00e2y cho d\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u01a1n, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo, da nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c, thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa m\u1ee5n nh\u1ecdt. D\u1ea7u tr\u1ea9u mau kh\u00f4, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb9, b\u00f3ng, kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m, ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t. Kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u tr\u1ea9u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Trong kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 77,58% ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, 3,5% \u0111\u1ea1m, 0,97% l\u00e2n, 0,5% kali. Ngo\u00e0i ra n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho gia s\u00fac. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u trong h\u1ea1t chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 25-30%. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ea9u l\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t h\u1ea1t th\u1ea5p do c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u00e1i. G\u1ed7 tr\u1ea9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ea5m \u0103n \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. T\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh 1 ster g\u1ed7 tr\u1ea9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb 70.000-120.000\u0111 tu\u1ef3 theo \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9c nh\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho 15-20kg m\u1ed9c nh\u0129.<\/p>\n

G\u1ed7 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u be tr\u1eafng, v\u00f2ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t, th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed9ng 4-7mm c\u00f3 khi 10mm. M\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 k\u00e9p ng\u1eafn, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 theo ki\u1ec3u v\u00f2ng v\u00e0 n\u1eeda v\u00f2ng m\u1ea1ch. Tia g\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 h\u1eb9p. M\u00f4 m\u1ec1m ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 m\u00f4 m\u1ec1 d\u00ednh m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i g\u1ed7. S\u1ee3i g\u1ed7 d\u00e0i trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u00e1ch m\u1ecfng. G\u1ed7 m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch g\u1ed7 kh\u00f4 430kg\/m3<\/sup>. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 co r\u00fat th\u1ec3 t\u00edch 0,40. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n khi n\u00e9n d\u1ecdc th\u1edb 320kh\/cm2<\/sup>, u\u1ed1n t\u0129nh 480kg\/cm2<\/sup>. S\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng t\u00e1ch 8,5kh\/cm. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 u\u1ed1n va \u0111\u1eadp 1,35.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1t tr\u1ea9u c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u00ad\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 25-30% theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c 50% theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea5y d\u1ea7u, v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea9u l\u00e1 x\u1ebb ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, L\u00e0o v.v… \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Namph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3i, n\u00fai c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n Trung v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Tr\u1ea9u c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea1m vi th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ea9u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea9u sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t, s\u1ea3n l\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3 cao l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m tr\u00ean 20oC<\/sup>, \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed 85-90%, l\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0\u00ada 1000-2000 mm. Trong m\u00f9a sinh tr\u01b0\u00ad\u1edfng t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4-7 c\u1ea7n l\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00ad\u01b0a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u, n\u1ebfu m\u00ad\u01b0a \u00edt th\u00ec s\u1ea3n l\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea9u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p, tho\u00e1t n\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00ad\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m, h\u01a1i chua (\u0111\u1ed9 pH 5-6,5). Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t chua, ki\u1ec1m, \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1 l\u1eabn ho\u1eb7c s\u1ecfi s\u1ea1n th\u00ec tr\u1ea9u sinh tr\u01b0\u00ad\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea9u l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u00ad\u01b0a s\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh, n\u00ean n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed3i g\u00f2, tr\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u00ada, t\u00e1n c\u00e2y x\u00f2e r\u1ed9ng th\u00ec tr\u1ea9u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u. N\u01a1i khe n\u00fai, ch\u00e2n n\u00fai do thi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00ean tr\u1ea9u ra hoa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 k\u00e9m m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e2y v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e2u ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ra hoa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea9u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn theo t\u1eebng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ra hoa c\u00e1i nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ad\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch gh\u00e9p m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y ra hoa c\u00e1i nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e2y tr\u1ea9u con m\u1ecdc t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t r\u1ed3i \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cao.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea9u ra hoa v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn m\u00f9a thu khi v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb m\u00e0u xanh v\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u n\u00e2u \u0111en, h\u01a1i n\u1ee9t \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh, d\u1ec5 r\u1ee5ng, v\u1ecf h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111en l\u00e0 l\u00fac h\u1ea1t ch\u00edn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3c. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3 m\u1edbi r\u1ee5ng \u1edf g\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c rung c\u00e2y cho qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn r\u1ee5ng xu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed3i nh\u1eb7t. Qu\u1ea3 thu v\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed1ng \u1edf g\u00f3c v\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddn, ph\u1ee7 r\u01a1m, r\u1ea1, \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m sau th\u00ec \u0111em gieo. H\u1ea1t sau khi gieo 20-30 ng\u00e0y th\u00ec n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea9u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gieo h\u1ea1t th\u1eb3ng. Nh\u00ad\u01b0ng gieo h\u1ea1t th\u1eb3ng do kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 n\u00ean sau n\u00e0y t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e2y cho hoa \u0111\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00ec th\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y gh\u00e9p, cho n\u00ean c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp v\u00ad\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u00ad\u01a1m \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ea9u con m\u1ecdc t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 sai qu\u1ea3, l\u1ea5y m\u1eaft gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u00e2y tr\u1ea9u con. Th\u00ad\u01b0\u1eddng gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu, th\u00e1ng 7 ho\u1eb7c th\u00e1ng 8. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gh\u00e9p m\u1eaft, gh\u00e9p c\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 sai qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn c\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u00e9p. C\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p c\u1ea7n to, m\u1eadp, m\u1eaft d\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh. Tu\u1ed5i c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbi 1 n\u0103m. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddn \u01b0\u00ad\u01a1m v\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u1ea5y c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p g\u1ea7n nhau th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o gh\u00e9p ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu n\u01a1i l\u1ea5y c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p xa th\u00ec sau khi c\u1eaft c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p xong c\u1ea7n nh\u00fang v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbc 1-2 gi\u1edd sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1eaft b\u1ecf l\u00e1, m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft c\u00e0nh n\u00ean b\u00f4i s\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tho\u00e1t h\u01a1i n\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u1ebfp c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p trong rong, r\u00eau \u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ec3 trong th\u00f9ng r\u1ed3i v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i gh\u00e9p.<\/p>\n

Gh\u00e9p xong c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u00e0n che, phun \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng. Sau 1-2 tu\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1ebfu m\u1eaft gh\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n. Khi m\u1eaft gh\u00e9p s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ecdc cao 1-2 cm th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c, k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u1ecf x\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u00f3n th\u00fac, c\u1eaft b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed3i m\u1ecdc l\u00ean t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea9u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3, h\u1ea1t, v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u1ea7n tr\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u00ada ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. Tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y gh\u00e9p tuy t\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0\u00adng \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf cao, c\u00e2y con m\u1ecdc l\u00ean s\u1ebd sai qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y gh\u00e9p th\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddng t\u1eeb 300-400 c\u00e2y\/ha l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea9u v\u1edbi ch\u00e8 l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng xen tr\u1ea9u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eadu, l\u1ea1c, l\u00faa n\u00ad\u01b0\u01a1ng, khoai v.v… Tr\u1ea9u che b\u00f3ng cho c\u00e2y ch\u00e8, gi\u00fap ch\u00e8 sinh tr\u01b0\u00ad\u1edfng t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng y\u1ebfu th\u00ec tr\u1ea9u l\u1ea1i r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u00ad\u1edfng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 sinh tr\u00ad\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e8. Khi ch\u0103m b\u00f3n cho ch\u00e8 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng gi\u00fap cho tr\u1ea9u sinh tr\u00ad\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng xen c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i x\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb d\u00e2y leo, c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i th\u00ec tr\u1ea9u m\u1edbi sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 m\u1edbi sai hoa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i b\u00f3n nit\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n l\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3, b\u00f3n kali h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u trong h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0ng n\u0103m n\u00ean b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, m\u00f9a h\u00e8 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a hoa v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh cho th\u1ea5y b\u00f3n m\u1ed7i g\u1ed1c 0,2-0,4kg ph\u00e2n NPK v\u00e0 5kg ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng gi\u00fap cho tr\u1ea9u sinh tr\u00ad\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ra hoa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb r\u1ee5ng non nhi\u1ec1u, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea7m g\u1eedi tr\u00ean c\u00e2y tr\u1ea9u v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0\u00ad s\u00e2u \u0111o, s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee5c th\u00e2n, b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m l\u00e1, \u0111\u1ed1m qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn m\u00f9a thu ho\u1ea1ch (th\u00e1ng 9-10) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch c\u1ecf r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 thu nh\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3 r\u01a1i r\u1ee5ng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0\u00ad v\u1eady \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00b7 C\u00e2y tr\u1ea9u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba m\u1ecdc nhanh, d\u1ec5 tr\u1ed3ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc, v\u00f9ng Trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Trung Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y d\u1ea7u, c\u00e2y tr\u1ea9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u1ed7 tr\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u1ed7 d\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta g\u1ed7 tr\u1ea9u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 C\u00e2y tr\u1ea9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u1ee7 xanh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c. G\u1ed7 tr\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7n nay d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y m\u1ed9c nh\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 N\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y d\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e2y sai qu\u1ea3. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eebng tr\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7. Khi c\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh r\u1eebng l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch gh\u00e9p c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eebng tr\u1ea9u 3-6 n\u0103m. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 sang r\u1eebng tr\u1ea9u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 v\u1eabn t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra.(Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 \u0111a t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, NXB V\u0103n h\u00f3a D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, 2000, S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0o tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, NXB N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, 2002 ) <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cây tr\u1ea9u là m\u1ed9t loài cây b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba có d\u1ea7u \u0111ã \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Namt\u1eeb lâu \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110ây là m\u1ed9t loài cây \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n \u0111ã t\u1eebng có th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 mà s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nó r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng trên th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong và ngoài n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u1ea9u thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i cây g\u1ed7 trung bình có th\u1ec3 cao 15 — 16m. V\u1ecf cây nh\u1eb5n màu nâu nh\u1ea1t, cành non màu l\u1ee5c. Lá \u0111\u01a1n m\u1ecdc cách cu\u1ed1ng dài 7 — 12cm (cá bi\u1ec7t dài 20cm), phi\u1ebfn lá x\u1ebb 4-5 thu\u1ef7 sâu nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng có lá x\u1ebb nông và lá nguyên hình tim \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cành.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8669"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8669"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8669\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19251,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8669\/revisions\/19251"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8669"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8669"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8669"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}