{"id":8668,"date":"2009-03-24T03:13:45","date_gmt":"2009-03-23T20:13:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2009\/03\/ky-thuat-trong-cay-hoi-mac-hoi-bat-giac-huong-illicium-verum-hook\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T10:00:25","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T03:00:25","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-cay-hoi-mac-hoi-bat-giac-huong-illicium-verum-hook","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ky-thuat-trong-cay-hoi-mac-hoi-bat-giac-huong-illicium-verum-hook\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng C\u00e2y h\u1ed3i (M\u1eafc h\u1ed3i, B\u00e1t gi\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng) (Illicium Verum Hook)"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ed3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 nh\u1ee1. C\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh cao kho\u1ea3ng 10-15m. Th\u00e2n h\u1ed3i th\u1eb3ng tr\u00f2n, v\u1ecf m\u00e0u x\u00e1m s\u00e1ng. Hoa l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh, qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee9c c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4i sao 5-8 c\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “hoa h\u1ed3i”. Ra hoa hai l\u1ea7n trong n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. V\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6, qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5-6 n\u0103m sau c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed3i t\u1ee9 qu\u00ed. V\u1ee5 sau ch\u1ec9 ra sau kho\u1ea3ng 1 th\u00e1ng, qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m sau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 h\u1ed3i ch\u00ednh c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed3i v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f4ng. V\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 thu ho\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh. H\u1ed3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eadp trung \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t tinh d\u1ea7u cho nhu c\u1ea7u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. C\u00e2y h\u1ed3i s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u n\u0103m n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea5t gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng xen v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh th\u00e1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda B\u1eafc nh\u01b0 Cao B\u1eb1ng, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau: L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a 1.200-1.800mm, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m 20-210<\/sup>C. L\u00fac nh\u1ecf h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, v\u1ec1 m\u00f9a h\u00e8 c\u00e2y con d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu r\u00e9t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y con l\u1ea1i t\u00ad\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft v\u00ec s\u01b0\u00ad\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ed9 cao tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i 200-800m. Tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t feralit ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean riolit, phi\u1ebfn th\u1ea1ch s\u00e9t, sa th\u1ea1ch pha s\u00e9t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 120cm tr\u1edf l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed9 pH t\u1eeb 4-6, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u00f9n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 2%. \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c b\u00ec che ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao 1,5m tr\u1edf l\u00ean. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e2y h\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9 ra hoa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4ng Kh\u00ea (Cao B\u1eb1ng), B\u00ecnh Li\u00eau (Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh), ph\u00eda Nam kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 H\u1eefu L\u0169ng. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u00e2y h\u1ed3i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ra hoa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, c\u00e1c khe s\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m qu\u00e1 cao, nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 c\u1ecf tranh chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb qu\u00e1 tho\u00e1i ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0 thanh hao, sim mua \u01b0u th\u1ebf. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3i k\u00e9m, v\u00ec t\u00e1n l\u00e1 r\u1eadm, r\u1ec5 c\u1ecdc \u0103n n\u00f4ng cho n\u00ean n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai l\u1ed9ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 khe n\u00fai gi\u00f3 l\u00f9a m\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e2y h\u1ed3i sinh tr\u01b0\u00ad\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ed3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 xanh quanh n\u0103m. G\u1ed7, l\u00e1, hoa, qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. G\u1ed7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0\u00adng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u. Tinh d\u1ea7u h\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 1 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00f9ng cho x\u1ee9 l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u anis. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh d\u1ea7u h\u1ed3i \u1edf v\u00f9ng L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao, n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 an\u00eat\u00f4n trong tinh d\u1ea7u. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y cao th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a tinh d\u1ea7u c\u00e0ng cao. Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u00e2n gian t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t tinh d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 30kg qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1kg tinh d\u1ea7u. Theo Nguy\u1ec5n Minh L\u00ea (1977) th\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tinh d\u1ea7u trong qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0 1,2-2,61% theo tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb 7,69-12,24% theo tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh d\u1ea7u trong l\u00e1 l\u00e0 1,29-3,66%.<\/p>\n

L\u00e1, hoa, qu\u1ea3, h\u1ea1t h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u00f9i th\u01a1m, h\u01b0\u00ad\u01a1ng v\u1ecb m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u. D\u1ea7u h\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf r\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3u m\u00f9i, l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh k\u1eb9o, x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c xoa b\u00f3p ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t, qu\u1ea3 h\u1ed3i l\u00e0m gia v\u1ecb n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 h\u1ed3i hi\u1ec7n nay b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n kho\u1ea3ng 13.000\u0111\/kg h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u01a1i, v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4 gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb 55.000-60.000\u0111\/kg. Tuy nhi\u00ean, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u00f3 khi 70.000-80.000\u0111 1kg qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4. C\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 l\u00fac gi\u00e1 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 120.000\u0111\/kg.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2y h\u1ed3i tr\u1ed3ng 5-6 tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ra hoa nh\u01b0ng qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eadu ch\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e2y h\u1ed3i \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i 20-70 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh d\u1ea7u cao nh\u1ea5t. H\u1ed3i c\u00f3 chu k\u1ef3 sai qu\u1ea3 3-4 n\u0103m. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sai qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e2y ra hoa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 80-90%, s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 45-55%. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m m\u1ea5t m\u00f9a t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 10%. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3 cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng ti\u1ebft s\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. Thu ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1t l\u00e0m gi\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. H\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y h\u1ed3i c\u00f3 t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng, v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 8 c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn 30kg qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1kg h\u1ea1t. Trong 1kg h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 8.000-11.000 h\u1ea1t. H\u1ea1t m\u1edbi thu c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m tr\u00ean 80%.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i c\u00e2y. R\u1eebng h\u1ed3i kho\u1ea3ng 40-50 tu\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao. T\u1ea1i V\u0103n Quang r\u1eebng h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y n\u0103m sai qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi 300kg qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu ho\u1ea1ch b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n kho\u1ea3ng 3-4kg qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4 cho 1 c\u00e2y (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u00edt qu\u1ea3).<\/p>\n

H\u1ed3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, tr\u00ean 10 tu\u1ed5i, sai qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 8-11 c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y gi\u1ed1ng. Khi ch\u00edn qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb m\u00e0u xanh chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng m\u01a1 l\u00e0 thu h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3c. Th\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddng l\u00e0 thu h\u00e1i sau ti\u1ebft s\u01b0\u00ad\u01a1ng gi\u00e1ng. Qu\u1ea3 h\u00e1i v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01a1i tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t d\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e1i che ho\u1eb7c ph\u01a1i n\u1eafng nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0o l\u00fac s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1i bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t. Hong nh\u01b0\u00ad v\u1eady 4-5 ng\u00e0y th\u00ec h\u1ea1t s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch ra h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1t thu \u0111\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong c\u00e1t \u1ea9m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3c ph\u01a1i n\u1eafng. H\u1ea1t tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1t \u1ea9m r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c hang h\u00e0m \u1ebfch \u0111\u00e0o \u1edf s\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i, xung quanh v\u1ea3y d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfn, m\u1ed7i h\u00e0m \u1ebfch c\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 2-3kg h\u1ea1t, c\u1ea5t xong b\u1ecbt mi\u1ec7ng h\u00e0m \u1ebfch. B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e0o r\u00e3nh xung quanh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0\u00ada kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o, 2 tu\u1ea7n 1 l\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n m\u1edf ra ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea3o h\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n \u0111em gieo, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng 70-80%.<\/p>\n

V\u00ad\u01b0\u1eddn \u00ad\u01b0\u01a1m c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea9m, m\u00e0u m\u1ee1, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t nh\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf; kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t v\u00ec m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t d\u1ec5 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e2y con d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u01b0\u00ad h\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n c\u00e0y b\u1eeba k\u1ef9, b\u00f3n l\u00f3t b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai 5-6kg\/m2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Gieo h\u1ea1t v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, gieo theo h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c gieo v\u00e3i. 1kg h\u1ea1t gieo tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 50-100m2<\/sup>. Gieo xong c\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3i r\u01a1m r\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea9y tr\u00f9ng, t\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbi nh\u1eb9. Sau 1-2 tu\u1ea7n h\u1ea1t n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf v\u1eadt che ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0n che. Gi\u00e0n che l\u00e0m cao 0,5-0,6m, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m k\u00edn sau khi c\u00e2y l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n c\u00f2n 60 \u0111\u1ebfn 70%, n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai gi\u1ea3m c\u00f2n 30-40%. Tr\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng 1-2 th\u00e1ng th\u00ec c\u1ea7n b\u1ecf gi\u00e0n che. C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0m c\u1ecf, ph\u00e1t quang v\u00e0 b\u00f3n th\u00fac. Ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb n\u1ea5m th\u1ed1i g\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch bo\u00f3c-\u0111\u00f4 1% t\u00ad\u1edbi cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n 5 l\u00edt\/m2<\/sup>, \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 15 ng\u00e0y t\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbi 1 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbi trong 3 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00e2y tr\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng gieo c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y 2 tu\u1ed5i th\u00ec sau m\u1ed9t n\u0103m c\u1ea7n c\u1ea5y m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u. B\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddng k\u00ednh 10-12cm, cao 15cm. Ru\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u g\u1ed3m 90% \u0111\u1ea5t, 10% ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y b\u1ea7u c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0\u00ad ch\u0103m s\u00f3c n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3i c\u1ea7n s\u00e2u l\u1edbp, c\u00f2n m\u00f9n, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i. Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n. H\u1ed1 tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o 40x40x40cm, xung quanh h\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i r\u1ed9ng 0,7-0,8cm. Ngo\u00e0i h\u1ed1 tr\u1ed3ng th\u00ec c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 che b\u00f3ng cho h\u1ed3i l\u00fac nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng 400-600 c\u00e2y\/ha. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u nu\u00f4i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean n\u00ad\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u0169, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n, v\u1eeba che b\u00f3ng cho h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nhu c\u1ea7u g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i cho sinh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng xen khoai n\u00fai, c\u1ee7 n\u00ada v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y l\u00ad\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5 d\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1eebng h\u1ed3i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3i + ch\u00e8 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0ng n\u0103m n\u00ean x\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m c\u1ecf ph\u00e1t quang d\u00e2y leo, c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i l\u1ea5n \u00e1t h\u1ed3i, ch\u00fa \u00fd ph\u00e1t quang d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, khi c\u00e2y h\u1ed3i cao 2m tr\u1edf l\u00ean m\u1edbi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3 cao c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i 2-3 n\u0103m 1 l\u1ea7n. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n b\u00f3n 10-20kg\/c\u00e2y. Khi b\u00f3n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o r\u00e3nh quanh g\u1ed1c, b\u00f3n xong l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f3n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i thu ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 con d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u00e0y, Dao \u1edf L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n th\u1eddi gian qua cho th\u1ea5y 5 kinh nghi\u1ec7m sau:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3i h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t sau n\u00ad\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o Dao \u1edf B\u1eafc S\u01a1n, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby sau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ee5 l\u00faa, hoa m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ng\u1eafn ng\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3i. C\u00e2y h\u1ed3i con \u0111\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng d\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbi t\u00e1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 t\u00e1i sinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean sau n\u01b0\u00ad\u01a1ng r\u1eaby nh\u01b0\u00ad re l\u00e1, b\u1eddi l\u1eddi, d\u1ebb gai, hu \u0111\u00e2y, ba b\u00e9t tr\u1eafng, ba soi. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh tr\u00ad\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00e2y h\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n, b\u00e0 con ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ken ch\u1ebft d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, b\u00e0 con d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Dao \u1edf V\u0169 S\u01a1n (huy\u1ec7n B\u1eafc S\u01a1n, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng r\u1eebng h\u1ed3i cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao (15.000kg qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u00ad\u01a1i\/n\u0103m\/1 ha).<\/p>\n

2. Tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3i xen tre, v\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o T\u00e0y \u1edf L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, Cao B\u1eb1ng, B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c r\u1eebng tre, v\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o tr\u1ed3ng xen h\u1ed3i con; khi h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng cao h\u01a1n th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh t\u1ea7ng cao c\u1ee7a t\u00e1n r\u1eebng. B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u00ad\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra ki\u1ec3u r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i v\u1edbi tre, v\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac 2 t\u1ea7ng c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

3. Tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3i xen s\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o T\u00e0y, huy\u1ec7n B\u00ecnh Gia, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n. C\u00e1c h\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n T\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng s\u1eafn xen v\u1edbi h\u1ed3i khi h\u1ed3i c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, khi thu ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eafn c\u1ea7n thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o l\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft r\u00e2m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 thu ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u00e1n che m\u1edf \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t l\u00e0m cho h\u1ed3i con b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

4. Tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3i xen ch\u00e8 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o T\u00e0y huy\u1ec7n B\u00ecnh Gia, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n. D\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n r\u1eebng h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9p t\u00e1n, v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m th\u1ee9 3 tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3i xen s\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m th\u1ee9 4 v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 5 tr\u1ed3ng xen ch\u00e8. Theo ki\u1ec3u tr\u1ed3ng xen n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng ch\u00e8 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u00e8 + h\u1ed3i v\u1edbi 2 t\u1ea7ng c\u00e2y. Tuy v\u1eady, \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i, b\u00e0 con c\u00f2n tr\u1ed3ng th\u00eam c\u00e2y ph\u00e2n xanh h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eadu (c\u1ed1t kh\u00ed), d\u1ee9a. C\u00e1c b\u0103ng c\u00e2y c\u1ed1t kh\u00ed, d\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ea1y theo \u0111\u00ad\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t. Theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 ch\u00e8 v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho thu nh\u1eadp 17.000.000 \u0111\/ha\/n\u0103m (theo gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddng n\u0103m 1998).<\/p>\n

5. Tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3i trong c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddn qu\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddn c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1t, m\u1eadn, qu\u00fdt ng\u1ecdt, na dai… Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u00e0nh \u0111ai bao quanh v\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddn \u0103n qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u0103ng c\u00e2y c\u1ea3n gi\u00f3, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00ad\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3i k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u00e0y, Dao \u1edf L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n x\u00e1c minh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra to\u00e0n t\u1ec9nh L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u00ad\u01a1ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00b7 H\u1ed3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng gi\u00e1p ranh c\u1ee7a hai t\u1ec9nh Cao B\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh. Hi\u1ec7n nay gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ea3 h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e3 cao h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00e0o th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 70 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, 1kg qu\u1ea3 h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4 ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 1-1,5kg g\u1ea1o theo gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n nay 1kg qu\u1ea3 h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 12-15kg g\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng r\u1eebng h\u1ed3i c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 t\u00ednh, tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng sai qu\u1ea3, ho\u1eb7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gh\u00e9p c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u00edt qu\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u00e1c r\u1eebng h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 \u0111a t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, NXB V\u0103n h\u00f3a D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, 2000, S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0o tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, NXBNn\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, 2002, Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, Ng\u00e0y 13\/8\/ 2000, S\u1ed1 32<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ed3i là cây b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 nh\u1ee1. Cây tr\u01b0\u1edfng thành cao kho\u1ea3ng 10-15m. Thân h\u1ed3i th\u1eb3ng tròn, v\u1ecf màu xám sáng. Hoa l\u01b0\u1ee1ng tính, qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee9c có hình ngôi sao 5-8 cánh ng\u01b0\u1eddi dân còn g\u1ecdi là “hoa h\u1ed3i”. Ra hoa hai l\u1ea7n trong n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng không có ranh gi\u1edbi rõ ràng. V\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t vào tháng 6, qu\u1ea3 chín vào tháng 5-6 n\u0103m sau còn g\u1ecdi là h\u1ed3i t\u1ee9 quí.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8668"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8668"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8668\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19252,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8668\/revisions\/19252"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8668"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8668"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8668"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}