{"id":8656,"date":"2009-03-24T02:47:39","date_gmt":"2009-03-23T19:47:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2009\/03\/ky-thuat-trong-cay-do-trong-eucomia-ulmoides-oliv\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T10:03:32","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T03:03:32","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-cay-do-trong-eucomia-ulmoides-oliv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ky-thuat-trong-cay-do-trong-eucomia-ulmoides-oliv\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng C\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng (Eucomia Ulmoides Oliv)"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c qu\u00fd, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u1ecf. V\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c b\u1ed5 d\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u00ad\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c th\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n. N\u00f3 ch\u1eefa \u0111\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0\u00ad th\u1eadn, huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c. L\u00e1 c\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa \u0111\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i l\u00e1 u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00ad\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n SaPa, L\u00e0o Cai th\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddng d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

G\u1ed7 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, c\u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1c, l\u00f5i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng, n\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, nh\u01b0\u00adng ph\u1ea1m vi th\u00edch \u1ee9ng t\u00ad\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m 13-170<\/sup>C, l\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3ng m\u01b0\u00ada t\u1eeb 500-1500mm. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang tr\u00ean 00<\/sup>C v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbi 290<\/sup>C.<\/p>\n

\u1edfSaPa (L\u00e0o Cai) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m l\u00e0 15,80<\/sup>C, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang l\u00e0 10,2oC<\/sup>, th\u00e1ng 7 l\u00e0 20,4oC<\/sup>, l\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0\u00ada l\u00e0 2374.4mm. Nh\u01b0\u00ad v\u1eady v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; l\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00ad\u01b0a cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0\u00adng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u01b0\u00ada v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9, l\u00e0 m\u00f9a sinh t\u01b0r\u00ad\u1edfng, nh\u01b0\u00ad v\u1eady thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 sinh tr\u00ad\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

\u1edf Sa Pa \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao 1200-1300m; 1500-1600m v\u00e0 2000-2100m, \u0111\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec1u sinh tr\u00ad\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ecnh th\u00ad\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Qua th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u1edf Sa Pa v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh v\u00f9ng n\u00fai ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u00ean 1000m c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu t\u00ad\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 Sa Pa, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9n \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1eafm, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean cao \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy v\u1eady, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e0y, t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f9n, \u1ea9m nh\u00ad\u01b0ng tho\u00e1t n\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed9 chua v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i (\u0111\u1ed9 pH 5-7,5) th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng sinh tr\u01b0\u00ad\u1edfng t\u1ed1t; nh\u1eef\u00adng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u00ad\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea5u th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng c\u00ad\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddng x\u1edbi x\u00e1o c\u0169ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u01b0\u00ada s\u00e1ng n\u00ean c\u1ea7n tr\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u00ada, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tr\u1ed3ng d\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ef1c, c\u00e2y c\u00e1i ri\u00eang r\u1ebd, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng th\u00ec n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 15-20% s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n t\u1ed1t. Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, n\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y con m\u1ecdc t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t th\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ef1c\/c\u00e1i kho\u1ea3ng 4\/6.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i sinh ch\u1ed3i r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, c\u00e2y ch\u1ed3i m\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t nhanh; ng\u00ad\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 kinh doanh r\u1eebng ch\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, tr\u00ean 20 tu\u1ed5i. C\u00e2y ra hoa th\u00e1ng 6-7, qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8-9. Khi th\u1ea5y v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb m\u00e0u xanh chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u n\u00e2u hay m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng x\u00e1m, h\u1ea1t tr\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng sau cho ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ed3i thu ho\u1ea1ch. Khi thu h\u00e1i th\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddng d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch \u1edf d\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbi, h\u1ee9ng v\u1ea3i b\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c ni l\u00f4ng, v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u l\u1eb7ng gi\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c \u00edt gi\u00f3 th\u00ec rung cho qu\u1ea3, h\u1ea1t r\u1ee5ng r\u1ed3i thu l\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3m v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. H\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf, sau khi thu ho\u1ea1ch xong kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u01a1i ra n\u1eafng m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 hong n\u01a1i kh\u00f4 tho\u00e1ng 3-4 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch h\u1ea1t. H\u1ea1t sau khi l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3c cho v\u00e0o t\u00fai ho\u1eb7c l\u1ecd, c\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01a1i tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 15-20oC<\/sup>) \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n (th\u00e1ng 2-3) th\u00ec \u0111em gieo. H\u1ea1t tr\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbc khi gieo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u00e2m v\u00e0o n\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng 40oC<\/sup> \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i r\u1ed3i r\u1eeda h\u1ea1t \u0111em gieo.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddn \u00ad\u01b0\u01a1m c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m nh\u1ecf, k\u1ef9, \u0111\u00e1nh lu\u1ed1ng cao 20-30cm, b\u00f3n l\u00f3t b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai 5-10kg cho m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed1ng 10m2<\/sup>. H\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ecf n\u00ean khi gieo c\u1ea7n tr\u1ed9n h\u1ea1t v\u1edbi tro ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00f9n, kh\u00e1c m\u00e0u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t lu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gieo cho \u0111\u1ec1u, gieo xong r\u1eafc m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00f9n m\u1ecfng r\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng r\u01a1m r\u1ea1 ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng gi\u1eef \u1ea9m; t\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbc 2-3 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Sau khi c\u00e2y n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m 10-15 ng\u00e0y, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 2-3 l\u00e1 th\u00ec b\u00f3n th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbc ph\u00e2n lo\u00e3ng. C\u00e2y cao \u0111\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3c 5-6cm th\u00ec c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ru\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u \u1edf SaPa l\u00e0m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t 95%, ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng 4%, ph\u00e2n NPK 1%. B\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00ad\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 8-10cm. Sau khi c\u1ea5y c\u00e2y v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u00e0n che, h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng t\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbi ph\u00e2n ur\u00ea 1 l\u1ea7n v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,1kg\/10 l\u00edt n\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbi cho 1-2 lu\u1ed1ng, ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng n\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u lo\u00e3ng. Tr\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng 2-3 th\u00e1ng th\u00ec ng\u1eebng b\u00f3n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2y c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft c\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y c\u00e2y con \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng. Song b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3ng \u00edt, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec1u. Ph\u00ad\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft t\u00ad\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u00ad\u01b0 chi\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u1ea3i, cam, qu\u00fdt.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2y con th\u00ad\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0\u00ad\u01a1m \u1edf v\u00ad\u01b0\u1eddn 1 n\u0103m (10-12 th\u00e1ng). V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o tr\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng. Khi tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n b\u00f3n l\u00f3t b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai, m\u1ed7i h\u1ed1 2-3kg, tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t. H\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e0o 30x30x30cm. T\u00f9y theo c\u00f3 tr\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hay kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng d\u00e0y hay th\u01b0\u00ada. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 2500 c\u00e2y\/ha (kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e2y 2x2m) ho\u1eb7c 1600 c\u00e2y\/ha (kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e2y 2x3m).<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng xen v\u1edbi c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 nh\u00ad\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0o, l\u00ea, m\u1eadn. C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u01b0\u00ada s\u00e1ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1n c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 che l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng 8-10m. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n tr\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng rau, l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1eadu \u1edf d\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbi; v\u1ec1 sau khi c\u00e2y l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ec9a c\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 m\u1ecdc v\u00ad\u01b0\u01a1n cao, t\u1ea1o kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e2n d\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e0nh d\u00e0i, thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ecf s\u1ebd \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Trung t\u00e2m Th\u00f4ng tin Khoa h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/h1>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng là cây thu\u1ed1c quý, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nó ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu là v\u1ecf. V\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng là lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c b\u1ed5 d­\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed1t và không th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong các ph\u01b0­\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c th\u1ea3o d\u01b0­\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n. Nó ch\u1eefa \u0111­\u01b0\u1ee3c các b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0­ th\u1eadn, huy\u1ebft áp, \u0111\u1ea1i tràng và nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh khác. Lá cây c\u0169ng có th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa \u0111­\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh và là lo\u1ea1i lá u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0­\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111­\u01b0\u1ee3c ng­\u01b0\u1eddi dân Sa Pa, Lào Cai th\u01b0­\u1eddng dùng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8656"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8656"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8656\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19263,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8656\/revisions\/19263"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8656"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8656"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}