{"id":8626,"date":"2009-03-24T02:33:57","date_gmt":"2009-03-23T19:33:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2009\/03\/ap-dung-ky-thuat-lap-trinh-tuyen-tinh-trong-cong-tac-dieu-che-rung-tram-o-vung-dong-bang-song-cuu-long\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T10:07:45","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T03:07:45","slug":"ap-dung-ky-thuat-lap-trinh-tuyen-tinh-trong-cong-tac-dieu-che-rung-tram-o-vung-dong-bang-song-cuu-long","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ap-dung-ky-thuat-lap-trinh-tuyen-tinh-trong-cong-tac-dieu-che-rung-tram-o-vung-dong-bang-song-cuu-long\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00e1P D\u1ee5NG K\u1ef9 THU\u1eadT L\u1eadP TR\u00ecNH TUY\u1ebfN T\u00edNH TRONG C\u00f4NG T\u00e1C \u0110I\u1ec1U CH\u1ebf R\u1eebNG TR\u00e0M \u1edf V\u00f9NG \u0110\u1ed3NG B\u1eb1NG S\u00f4NG C\u1eedU LONG"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ed3 V\u0103n Ph\u00fac<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Nam b\u1ed9<\/em><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u1eebng (forest regulation) l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nh\u1eb1m h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n khai th\u00e1c-t\u00e1i sinh r\u1eebng t\u1ed1i \u00adu. Ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n n\u00e0y v\u1eeba th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u1eebng) v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng (MTQLR)<\/em>: M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a kh\u1ed1i l\u00ad\u1ee3ng g\u1ed7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i ha \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng kh\u00e1c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf th\u00ad\u1eddng mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn do r\u1eebng \u0111em l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u1eebng (YC\u0110CR)<\/em>: Ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng th\u00ad\u1eddng \u0111\u00ada ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u1eebng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u00ad \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng, do khu r\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p tu\u1ed5i n\u00ean khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf, ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng th\u00ad\u1eddng \u0111\u00ada ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac khu r\u1eebng (th\u00f4ng qua khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00ad\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u00ad\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong k\u1ef3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a, ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i t\u1ed1i \u00adu c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3 kinh doanh (CKKD). Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng l\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i t\u1ed1i \u00adu c\u1ee7a CKKD l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i ha r\u1eebng \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1ed1i \u0111a. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng l\u1ea5y s\u1ea3n l\u00ad\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i t\u1ed1i \u00adu c\u1ee7a CKKD l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eebng cho ra n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m\/ha cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u00ad\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng CKKD t\u1ed1i \u00adu nh\u00ad \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean, v\u00ec khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh r\u1eebng theo \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i t\u1ed1i \u00adu c\u1ee7a CKKD kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0110CR. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n khai th\u00e1c-t\u00e1i sinh r\u1eebng v\u1eeba th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 YC\u0110CR v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t MTQLR.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh (linear programming technique) v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m PCPROG trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m (Melaleuca cajuputi<\/em>) \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long.<\/p>\n

1. C\u00e1c b\u00ad\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng th\u00ad\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c b\u00ad\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n

– X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u1eebng<\/p>\n

Hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1edf m\u1ee5c 1.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf (cutting units, t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf)<\/p>\n

Khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u00ada v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c chia ra th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n) tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e2m sinh \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c \u0111\u00ada ra \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e2m sinh \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e2m sinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2m sinh nh\u00ad khai th\u00e1c, tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i r\u1eebng, b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n, t\u1ec9a th\u00ada theo m\u1ed9t ph\u00ad\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e2m sinh th\u00ad\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau do s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2m sinh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

– X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u1ed7i ha r\u1eebng sinh ra t\u1eeb t\u1eebng ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e2m sinh<\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch (th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t r\u1eebng) m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ha r\u1eebng sinh ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e2m sinh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ha r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e2m sinh \u0111\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng. T\u1ed5ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch do t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e2m sinh \u0111em l\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

– T\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e2m sinh t\u1ed1i \u00adu<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e2m sinh t\u1ed1i \u00adu, v\u1eeba th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c YC\u0110CR v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ed1i \u0111a MTQLR l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110CR. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00ad\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y nay nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng, b\u00e0i to\u00e1n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

2.\u00e1p<\/strong>d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m PCPROG trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u1eebng Tr\u00e0m <\/strong><\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 2 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m PCPROG trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u1eebng Tr\u00e0m v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng \u1edf huy\u1ec7n Th\u1ea1nh H\u00f3a t\u1ec9nh Long An c\u00f3 20ha r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m th\u00e2m canh, trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2002 c\u00f3 7ha \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 3 (tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1999) v\u00e0 13ha \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 4 (tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1998). Do ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p tu\u1ed5i n\u00ean v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2001, ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i khu r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m (2002 \u2013 2006). C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u1eebng \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qua c\u00e1c b\u00ad\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n

a)<\/em><\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u1eebng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1ed1i \u0111a. Ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau t\u00ednh to\u00e1n: L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn r\u00f2ng \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u (quy v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i) v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t 6%\/n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u1eebng: C\u00f3 2 tr\u00ad\u1eddng h\u1ee3p:<\/p>\n

A) ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng c\u00f3 1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 khu r\u1eebng chu\u1ea9n (c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng nhau) v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ef3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1edbi (n\u0103m 2007);<\/p>\n

B) ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng c\u00f3 2 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: 1) C\u00f3 \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong 2 n\u0103m 2003 v\u00e0 2004 l\u00e0 800 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf mang c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, v\u00e0 2) Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng khai th\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a k\u1ef3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch (2002, 2005, 2006) b\u1eb1ng nhau.<\/p>\n

b) Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i. Nh\u00ad v\u1eady ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng c\u00f3 2 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf l\u00e0: S1 = 7ha (3 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2002) v\u00e0 S2 = 13ha (4 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2002).<\/p>\n

c) Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e2m sinh \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 c\u1eeb tr\u00e0m, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 3 r\u1eebng Tr\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e2m sinh, ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng ch\u1ecdn tu\u1ed5i 3 l\u00e0m tu\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c. C\u00f3 9 ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1p l\u00e2m sinh \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c \u0111\u00ada ra xem x\u00e9t tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
P. \u00e1n l\u00e2m sinh<\/strong><\/td>\nK\u1ef3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch: 5 n\u0103m<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2002<\/strong><\/td>\n2003<\/strong><\/td>\n2004<\/strong><\/td>\n2005<\/strong><\/td>\n2006<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B<\/td>\nX<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C<\/td>\nX<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nX<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D<\/td>\nX<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nX<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nX<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nX<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nX<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nX<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nX<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nX<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ghi ch\u00fa: X = Khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i ngay <\/em><\/p>\n

d) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u1ed7i ha r\u1eebng Tr\u00e0m sinh ra t\u1eeb t\u1eebng ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e2m sinh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch tr\u00ad\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ha r\u1eebng \u0111em l\u1ea1i. L\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: a\/ L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn r\u00f2ng t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c trong k\u1ef3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, b\/ Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng (c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9ng) ch\u00ada \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i k\u1ef3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 c\/ Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t (land expectation value) t\u00ednh \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eebng \u1edf tr\u00ad\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\/ \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c quy v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng Tr\u00e0m th\u00e2m canh tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a huy\u1ec7n Th\u1ea1nh H\u00f3a t\u1ec9nh Long An, t\u1ed5ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u1ed7i ha r\u1eebng t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb t\u1eebng ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e2m sinh nh\u00ad sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e2m sinh<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u1ed5ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eeb 1 ha r\u1eebng quy v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (1000 \u0111\u1ed3ng)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf 1<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf 2<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A<\/td>\n194.733<\/td>\n190.562<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B<\/td>\n212.731<\/td>\n237.278<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C<\/td>\n198.689<\/td>\n223.236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D<\/td>\n207.199<\/td>\n231.746<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E<\/td>\n232.184<\/td>\n248.300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/td>\n210.147<\/td>\n226.263<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G<\/td>\n233.793<\/td>\n237.292<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H<\/td>\n223.408<\/td>\n221.850<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I<\/td>\n208.840<\/td>\n205.579<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

e) T\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e2m sinh t\u1ed1i \u00adu <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00e1pd\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh (v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m PCPROG) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

\u00e3 Tr\u00ad\u1eddng h\u1ee3p A: <\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00ad\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u00ad sau:<\/p>\n

T\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau:<\/p>\n

Maximize: 194733X1a + 212731X1b + 198689X1c + 207199X1d + 232184X1e + 210147X1f + 233793X1g + 223408X1h + 208840X1i + 190562X2a + 237278X2b + 223236X2c + 231746X2d + 248300X2e + 226263X2f + 237292X2g + 221850X2h + 205579X2i<\/p>\n

Theo c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau:<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t cho th\u1ea5y, 4 n\u0103m (tu\u1ed5i r\u1eebng t\u00ad\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 5) l\u00e0 CKKD t\u1ed1i \u00adu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng Tr\u00e0m th\u00e2m canh tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a huy\u1ec7n Th\u1ea1nh H\u00f3a t\u1ec9nh Long An. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a k\u1ef3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ti\u1ebfp theo (n\u0103m 2007) tr\u00ean 20 ha \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng chu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i nh\u00ad sau: S tu\u1ed5i 1 = S tu\u1ed5i 2 = S tu\u1ed5i 3 = S tu\u1ed5i 4 = 5 ha. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c nh\u00ad v\u1eady, ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00ada ra c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nh\u00ad sau:<\/p>\n

1\/ X1a + X1b + X1c + X1d + X1e + X1f + X1g + X1h + X1i = 7<\/p>\n

2\/ X2a + X2b + X2c + X2d + X2e + X2f + X2g + X2h + X2i = 13<\/p>\n

3\/ X1a + X2a + X1b + X2b + X1e + X2e = 5<\/p>\n

(\u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh 5ha r\u1eebng tu\u1ed5i 1 v\u00e0o 2007)<\/p>\n

4\/ X1g + X2g = 5<\/p>\n

(\u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh 5ha r\u1eebng tu\u1ed5i 2 v\u00e0o 2007)<\/p>\n

5\/ X1c + X2c + X1h + X2h = 5<\/p>\n

(\u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh 5ha r\u1eebng tu\u1ed5i 3 v\u00e0o 2007)<\/p>\n

6\/ X1d + X2d + X1f + X2f + X1i + X2i = 5<\/p>\n

(\u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh 5ha r\u1eebng tu\u1ed5i 4 v\u00e0o 2007)<\/p>\n

(Hai y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 1\/ v\u00e0 2\/ l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a 2 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf.)<\/p>\n

Ghi ch\u00fa<\/u>: – X = bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 (di\u1ec7n t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00ad\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh);<\/p>\n

– 1a = \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf 1, ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e2m sinh A;<\/p>\n

– 1b = \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf 1, ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e2m sinh B;<\/p>\n

– 2a = \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf 2, ph\u00ad\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e2m sinh A;<\/p>\n

– v.v\u2026<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00ad\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf n\u00f3i tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m PCPROG cho ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau:<\/p>\n

X1g = 2 ha, X1h = 5 ha, X2d = 5 ha, X2e = 5 ha, X2g = 3 ha.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y, t\u1ed5ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn m\u00e0 khu r\u1eebng Tr\u00e0m (20 ha) s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng l\u00e0 4.696.732.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng (\u0111\u00e3 quy v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n

\u00e3 Tr\u00ad\u1eddng h\u1ee3p B: <\/em><\/p>\n

T\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau:<\/p>\n

Maximize: 194733X1a + 212731X1b + 198689X1c + 207199X1d + 232184X1e + 210147X1f + 233793X1g + 223408X1h + 208840X1i + 190562X2a + 237278X2b + 223236X2c + 231746X2d + 248300X2e + 226263X2f + 237292X2g + 221850X2h + 205579X2i<\/p>\n

Theo c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau:<\/p>\n

1\/ X1a + X1b + X1c + X1d + X1e + X1f + X1g + X1h + X1i = 5<\/p>\n

2\/ X2a + X2b + X2c + X2d + X2e + X2f + X2g + X2h + X2i = 15<\/p>\n

3\/ 49883X1e + 66981X2e + 49883X1f + 66981X2f + 66981X1g + 73613X2g = 800.000 (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh: 1.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng)<\/p>\n

4\/ X1b + X2b + X1c + X2c + X1d + X2d = X1c + X2c + X1h + X2h<\/p>\n

= X1d + X2d + X1f + X2f + X1i + X2i<\/p>\n

(c\u00e1c tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 \u1edf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 3 = gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a 1 ha r\u1eebng khai th\u00e1c)<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00ad\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean cho ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau:<\/p>\n

X1e = 3,41 ha, X1h = 3,59 ha, X2d = 3,59 ha, X2e = 9,41 ha.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn: 4.762.168.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng (\u0111\u00e3 quy v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n

3. \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m PCPROG r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y th\u00ad\u1eddng v\u00ad\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. V\u00ec v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u00ad\u1edbc v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Lutter v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. 1983. Timber Management: A Quantitative Approach. John Wiley & Sons, New York.<\/p>\n

2. Leuschner, W. A. 1984. Introduction to Forest Resource Management. Wiley & Sons, New York.<\/p>\n

3. Sharifi, M. A. 1994. Introduction to Decision Support System for Natural Resource Management: Exercises on the Application of Mathematical Programming Techniques in Natural Resource Management. ITC lecture note, Enschede, The Netherlands.<\/p>\n

4. H\u1ed3 V\u0103n Ph\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2002. Ph\u00ad\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng Tr\u00e0m \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long (b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00f3m t\u1eaft). D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e8n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long \u2013 Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 JICA.<\/p>\n

SUMMARY<\/strong><\/p>\n

Forest management is the process of analysis and calculation aimed at developing an optimal forest exploitation regeneration plan. This plan satisfies both requirement of forest owner and approach to highest level of forest management. Management of a forest division usually takes a number of steps: 1. Identifying the requirement and objective of forest management. 2. Choosing the management units. 3. Examination of silvicultural systems to be applied in the management units. 4. Determining benefits obtained in each hectare accrued from every silvicultural system and 5. Calculation and determination on optimal combination of silvicultural systems. In the above – mentioned steps the last one requires the carrying out through a linear programming consisting of a system of complex equations that needs the assistance of a specialized computer software programme. Two concrete cases of a forest owner owning 20ha of Melaleuca<\/em> forest are presented as an illustration of forest management and application of linear programming technique with the assistance of PCPROG software in Melaleuca<\/em> forest management in the Mekong Delta for housing foundation posts production.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u1eebng (forest regulation) là quá trình phân tích và tính toán nh\u1eb1m hình thành m\u1ed9t ph­\u01a1ng án khai thác-tái sinh r\u1eebng t\u1ed1i ­u. Ph­\u01a1ng án này v\u1eeba th\u1ecfa mãn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 yêu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng (yêu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u1eebng) v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t m\u1ee5c tiêu qu\u1ea3n lý r\u1eebng. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u1eebng là m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c tiêu chính c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n lý r\u1eebng. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8626"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8626"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8626\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19275,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8626\/revisions\/19275"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8626"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8626"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8626"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}