Thu th\u1eadp s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. V\u00ec g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 phi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1edf l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba khai v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch k\u1ebf to\u00e1n vi\u1ec7c mua b\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c mua b\u00e1n. Lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i (g\u1ed7, g\u1ed7 ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u, c\u00e0nh nh\u00e1nh) r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i\u2026. Ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p th\u00ec t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n: t\u1eeb r\u1eebng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1eebng (c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i, c\u00e2y b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ea5t trang tr\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u00e0, \u2026.). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u00e1i b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb r\u1eebng v\u00ec s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb truy t\u1ed1. R\u1ed3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i linh ho\u1ea1t trong cung c\u1ea7u g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00ec r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u00f2n ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p th\u00ec r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra r\u1eebng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u00f9ng b\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ngu\u1ed3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i.<\/p>\n
C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m g\u1ed7 t\u1eeb th\u00e2n c\u00e2y m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e0nh ng\u1ecdn, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i hi\u1ebfm nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 d\u00f9ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 sinh kh\u1ed1i c\u00e2y. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9a c\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7t ng\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c thu nh\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb7t h\u1ea1 c\u00e2y. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea7n sinh kh\u1ed1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i t\u1eeb r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 sinh kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. V\u00ec g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu l\u01b0\u1ee3m t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u00e2n c\u01b0 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u00ean g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng \u1edf xa, nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng c\u1ea5m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf \u1ea5n\u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 87 v\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 4,06 tri\u1ec7u ha kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p thu h\u00e1i g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i. Do \u0111\u00f3 khi \u0111\u00e1nh ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
\u1edfm\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia, kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u01a1n c\u00e2y \u1edf r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng. H\u00ecnh th\u00e1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c \u1edf r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean; th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e0nh t\u00e1n xum xu\u00ea. T\u00e1n c\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb 30-50% t\u1ed5ng sinh kh\u1ed1i. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y n\u00e0y theo m\u1eabu phi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y m\u1eabu l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m c\u00e2y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ebfm ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. \u1ea5n\u0110\u1ed9 V\u00e0 B\u0103ngla\u0111es \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tra hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u1eabu. \u1edfPakistan v\u00e0 Srilanka, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 vi\u1ec5n th\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111o \u0111\u1ebfm \u1edf hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u1edfKenia, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a th\u00edch l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1eabu 2 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: \u1ea3nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1 v\u00e0 \u0111o \u0111\u1ebfm hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2. Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 vi\u1ec5n th\u00e1m v\u00e0 GIS v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u tra hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. \u1ea3nhh\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn (1:10.000 ho\u1eb7c 1:5000) ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec7 tinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian Singh (2000) \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 trong khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb (c\u00e2y b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, trong v\u01b0\u1eddn,\u2026) kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i quan s\u00e1t d\u00f2ng g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i t\u1edbi h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i trong 1 th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m) \u0111\u1ec3 bao qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo m\u00f9a h\u01a1n l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sinh kh\u1ed1i g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y t\u1eeb r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u tra r\u1eebng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. \u1edfnh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng c\u1ea5m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i.<\/p>\n
Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00ed Trung<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n L\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch “Wood Energy News”<\/em>Vvl.16 N0<\/sup> 2 July 2001<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Thu th\u1eadp s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p và \u0111ánh giá b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ngu\u1ed3n tài nguyên nào c\u0169ng là m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1n kém ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c và th\u1eddi gian. Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia vào nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng này c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111ào t\u1ea1o. Vì g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i nói chung là m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i hàng hoá phi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i nên vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p, phân ph\u1ed1i và tiêu th\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1edf l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c không chính th\u1ee9c. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8622"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8622"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8622\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19279,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8622\/revisions\/19279"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8622"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8622"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8622"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}