S\u1ef1 hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh quan r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c b\u1ee9c x\u00fac. R\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p r\u1eebng mi\u1ec1n Nam M\u00eahic\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n
C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i. S\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 nay s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3nh quan r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ee9c x\u00fac m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Sau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Rio (6\/1992) n\u00eau ra \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
\u0110a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc hay \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u1edf m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y. \u0110a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c l\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3, qu\u1ea7n x\u00e3 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i, danh th\u1eafng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba sinh v\u1eadt, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c chung c\u1ee7a sinh quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u00f4n quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n, thu\u1ed1c men, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, c\u00e1c gen di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c trong khu v\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sinh h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f2n v\u00ec l\u00fd do kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef g\u00ecn, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n Hi\u1ec7n nay, r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1ea9m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc cao, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 trong lo\u00e0i, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng s\u0103n m\u1ed3i, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean phong ph\u00fa (nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt), s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea7n c\u01b0. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o t\u1ea1i sao trong r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1ea9m, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00e1 th\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng cao c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1ea9m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c n\u00e0y sang ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c. Theo Blanc (1997), Guyan thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p (90.000km2<\/sup>) c\u00f3 4.300 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 hoa, b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o M\u00e3 Lai (130.000km2<\/sup>) c\u00f3 8.000 lo\u00e0i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u1edf d\u00e2y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng phong ph\u00fa.<\/p>\n R\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i t\u1edbi nay c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1ea9m ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng trong n\u00f3 h\u01a1n 1\/2 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh, trong \u0111\u00f3 80% l\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, 84% l\u00e0 b\u00f2 s\u00e1t, 91% \u1ebfch nh\u00e1i, 90% linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Stork (1992) \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 20-80 tri\u1ec7u lo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng. Lugo (1988) \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1eb1ng trong r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eebng 3-8 tri\u1ec7u lo\u00e0i. Poney v\u00e0 Labat (1995) \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng g\u1ea7n 2\/3 trong s\u1ed1 250.000 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 hoa, kho\u1ea3ng 180.000 lo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 85.000 lo\u00e0i, ch\u00e2u Phi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi 40.000 lo\u00e0i, ch\u00e2u \u00fac20.000 lo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc lo\u00e0i<\/strong><\/p>\n R\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u00e9t chung, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t cao, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh c\u1ea3nh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc cao hay th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 nhau. N\u1ebfu v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 sinh th\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng, b\u00e3o, gi\u00f3 xo\u00e1y,….) t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng im, n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f2n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i do nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c b\u00ean trong tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u <\/strong><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc b\u1eadc cao c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1ea9m l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 (Stebbins, 1974). Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu trung b\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea1nh \u00edt r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u1ea9m c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t trung t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt b\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u1eeb t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc cao h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 cao, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ea1nh tranh sinh t\u1ed3n (Connel, Orias, 1974). Stebbins (1974) xem r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc n\u00f4i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc lo\u00e0i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n gen ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ed5 sung cho ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u00edt x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n theo th\u1eddi gian ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t t\u0103ng th\u00eam. Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1ea9m. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n \u0110a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc lo\u00e0i \u1edf M\u00eahic\u00f4<\/strong><\/p>\n M\u00eahic\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u1edf\u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf gi\u1eefa ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi M\u00eahic\u00f4 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00f9ng Caribe, ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00e1(Puig, 1991; Rzedowski, 1992).<\/p>\n R\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1ea9m bao ph\u1ee7 5% th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt M\u00eahic\u00f4, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 5.000 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt M\u00eahic\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt phong ph\u00fa tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u1edfM\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Canada c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 2949 lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 M\u00eahic\u00f4 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 3032 lo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 3 trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 da d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt cao, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i b\u00f2 s\u00e1t (717 lo\u00e0i), \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 hai v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa (439 lo\u00e0i) v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 4 v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u01b0 (282 lo\u00e0i).<\/p>\n Hi\u1ec7n nay r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1ea9m M\u00eahic\u00f4, theo Vovides v\u00e0 Gerez (1994), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e do\u1ea1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t (v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng l\u00e0 4,3% n\u0103m). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho r\u1eebng M\u00eahic\u00f4 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t trong v\u00f2ng 25 n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1ea9m M\u00eahic\u00f4. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n Mai V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n L\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Bois et For\u00eats des Tropiques, No 268\/2001<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" S\u1ef1 hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh quan r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi làm m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u0111ang là m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 môi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c b\u1ee9c xúc. R\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc loài \u0111ã \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xác \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong \u0111ó h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda là các loài \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt trên hành tinh này. \u0110ó là m\u1ed9t ý ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8621"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8621"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8621\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19280,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8621\/revisions\/19280"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8621"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8621"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8621"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}