{"id":8620,"date":"2009-03-24T02:31:46","date_gmt":"2009-03-23T19:31:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2009\/03\/ky-thuat-trong-cay-giam-but-giam\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T10:09:03","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T03:09:03","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-cay-giam-but-giam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ky-thuat-trong-cay-giam-but-giam\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y gi\u00e2m b\u1ee5t gi\u1ea5m"},"content":{"rendered":"

TTTL<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e2m b\u1ee5t gi\u1ea5m (Hibiscus sabdariffa)<\/em> l\u00e0 c\u00e2y m\u1edbi nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i t\u1eeb Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i ng\u1eafn ng\u00e0y (6 th\u00e1ng) \u01b0a s\u00e1ng, ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3i g\u00f2 x\u1ea5u, kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c (n\u1eb1m trong d\u00f2ng danh m\u1ee5c c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i Lan), gi\u00e2m b\u1ee5t gi\u1ea5m c\u00f2n cho ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e0i qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u axit t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng nhu\u1ed9m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ebf m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m, n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u00e8 u\u1ed1ng. H\u1ea1t \u00e9p d\u1ea7u \u0103n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9t tinh ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0i qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4 gi\u00e2m b\u1ee5t gi\u1ea5m \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00c2u, M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

Sau 4 n\u0103m tr\u1ed3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, gi\u00e2m b\u1ee5t gi\u1ea5m t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng n\u00fai v\u00e0 trung du n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n Trung.<\/p>\n

1.Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng <\/strong><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e2m b\u1ee5t gi\u1ea5m (t\u1ee9c b\u1ee5p gi\u1ea5m) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3i g\u00f2 kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea5u, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00e1t pha \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecbt nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n

– Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00fang ng\u1eadp, c\u1ea3n gi\u00f3.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ed3ng xen k\u1ebd l\u00e0m c\u00e2y che b\u00f3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: ch\u00e8, c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

2.L\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n

– N\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t d\u1ecdn r\u1ed3i c\u00e0y, cu\u1ed1c theo r\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01a1i nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 gieo h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ed3ng xen: C\u00e0y, cu\u1ed1c theo r\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1c xen gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ch\u00e8, c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 theo c\u1ef1 ly 1m x 1m ho\u1eb7c 0,8 x 1,2m.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng xen \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, thu ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f9a gieo h\u1ea1t (tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e1ng 5,6).<\/p>\n

3. Gieo h\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ea1t gi\u00e2m b\u1ee5t gi\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ta kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7ng, l\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t gi\u00e0, to, ch\u1eafc c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eabm (lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf, l\u00e9p c\u00f3 m\u00e0u nh\u1ea1t).<\/p>\n

Gieo th\u1eb3ng m\u1ed7i h\u1ed1c 2-3 h\u1ea1t (m\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t c\u00e1ch nhau 3-5cm). Khi c\u00e2y con m\u1ecdc cao 20cm, t\u1ec9a b\u1edbt c\u00e2y x\u1ea5u, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y t\u1ed1t (\u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u00e1 x\u1ebb thu\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n) ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01a1i d\u00e0y 3cm.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gieo n\u1ebfu th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u01b0ng h\u1ea1t, gi\u00fap n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 gieo:<\/em>t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 6 (v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f9a m\u01b0a). V\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Nam Trung b\u1ed9 gieo mu\u1ed9n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u01b0a ph\u00f9n l\u00fac thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gieo 2 v\u1ee5\/n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

4. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tu\u1ef3 theo t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i, c\u00e2y x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vun x\u1edbi t\u1eeb 2-3 l\u1ea7n t\u1edbi khi thu ho\u1ea1ch, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u1edbi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng xen.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc x\u1ea5u c\u1ea7n b\u00f3n th\u00eam ph\u00e2n vi sinh ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai quanh g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa \u00fd ph\u00f2ng s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh: Khi c\u00e2y con cao 20cm ch\u00fa \u00fd ch\u00e2u ch\u1ea5u, s\u00e2u \u0111o xanh c\u1eafn ngang ng\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c l\u00e1, b\u1ecd r\u00f9a nh\u1ecf ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u00e1, qu\u1ea3 non.<\/p>\n

Quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1eaft gi\u1ebft ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, ho\u1eb7c phun nh\u1eb9 thu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1edbi phun s\u1ebd nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c qu\u1ea3, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

5. Thu ho\u1ea1ch<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e2m b\u1ee5t gi\u1ea5m thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1edbm h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu gieo s\u1edbm) khi qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thu ho\u1ea1ch: 45-50 ng\u00e0y sau khi ra hoa \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00f3 30% s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn. H\u00e1i v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u01a1i \u0111\u00e0i qu\u1ea3 cho nhanh kh\u00f4; kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u01b0a \u1ea9m, m\u1ed1c l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch thu qu\u1ea3:<\/em><\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn l\u1ebb t\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn v\u00e0 b\u00f3c l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4: kh\u00f4, t\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3 ph\u01a1i ri\u00eang. C\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 b\u1ecb th\u1ed1i, m\u1ed1c, kh\u00f4 tr\u00ean c\u00e2y c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ngay.<\/p>\n

Thu qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i b\u00f3c ph\u01a1i ngay, khi ph\u01a1i hong ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea3i m\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1ng v\u1ecf, qu\u1ea3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb n\u00f3ng l\u00ean men, th\u1ed1i…. l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

6. Ph\u01a1i s\u1ea5y<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c thu ho\u1ea1ch, ph\u01a1i s\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e0i qu\u1ea3 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00ec n\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng gi\u00e2m b\u1ee5t gi\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Khi thu ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1eafng ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh s\u1ea5y k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb m\u1ed1c, th\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00e0i qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111en l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u, ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf; ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e0i ch\u01b0a kh\u00f4 k\u1ef9 (\u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m tr\u00ean 10%) c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 h\u00fat \u1ea9m ch\u00f3ng m\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Khi ph\u01a1i c\u1ea7n r\u1ea3i m\u1ecfng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u00e0n ph\u01a1i c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t 20cm ho\u1eb7c ph\u00ean, b\u1ea1t, nong nia tho\u00e1ng; kh\u00f4ng ph\u01a1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean s\u00e2n xi m\u0103ng, qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, n\u01a1i ph\u01a1i c\u1ea7n s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn b\u1ee5i, r\u00e1c, ph\u00e2n g\u00e0 v\u1ecbt g\u00e2y b\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1eddi n\u00f3ng to, sau 4-5 n\u1eafng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4 d\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u00ean t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c l\u00f2 s\u1ea5y th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ph\u01a1i v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft m\u01b0a n\u1eafng th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

7. B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u00e0i qu\u1ea3 ph\u01a1i s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 d\u00f2n, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng bao 2 l\u1edbp (l\u1edbp nilon b\u00ean trong ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ed1c l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng bao d\u1ee9a kh\u00e2u k\u00edn). B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i kho tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

8. N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i ha tr\u1ed3ng gi\u00e2m b\u1ee5t gi\u1ea5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu ho\u1ea1ch 400-500kg \u0111\u00e0i qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4, 500-600kg h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u1ea5n c\u1ee7i \u0111un t\u1eeb th\u00e2n, c\u00e0nh, g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Giâm b\u1ee5t gi\u1ea5m (Hibiscus sabdariffa) là cây m\u1edbi nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i t\u1eeb Thái Lan vào n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. \u0110ây là loài cây b\u1ee5i ng\u1eafn ngày (6 tháng) \u01b0a sáng, ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n, có th\u1ec3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3i gò x\u1ea5u, khô c\u1eb1n. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8620"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8620"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8620\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19281,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8620\/revisions\/19281"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8620"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8620"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8620"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}