{"id":8584,"date":"2009-03-24T02:20:07","date_gmt":"2009-03-23T19:20:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2009\/03\/ky-thuat-trong-cay-dau-rai\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T10:20:51","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T03:20:51","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-cay-dau-rai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ky-thuat-trong-cay-dau-rai\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y D\u1ea7u r\u00e1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00ean kh\u00e1c: D\u1ea7u con r\u00e1i, d\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ea7u s\u01a1n<\/p>\n

T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: Dipterocarpus alatus <\/em>Roxb<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd: D\u1ea7u (Dipterocarpaceae<\/em>)<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh th\u00e1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn, cao t\u1edbi 40-45m, th\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y, ph\u00e2n c\u00e0nh cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngang ng\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 2-2,5m, v\u1ecf l\u00fac c\u00f2n non d\u00e0y, khi c\u00e2y l\u1edbn v\u1ecf m\u1ecfng, m\u00e0u x\u00e1m v\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

L\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n m\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch, m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u00e0u xanh th\u1eabm, nh\u1eb5n b\u00f3ng, m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi xanh nh\u1ea1t c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng m\u1ecbn. L\u00e1 k\u00e8m bao ch\u1ed3i b\u00fap m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf d\u00e0i 5-6cm, r\u1ed9ng 3-5cm c\u00f3 3 g\u00e2n g\u1ed1c. Qu\u1ea3 non m\u00e0u xanh c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecf khi gi\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u c\u00e1nh d\u00e1n. Hoa n\u1edf v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11-12, qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4-5.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh th\u00e1i, l\u00e2m sinh<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u1ea7u r\u00e1i \u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea9m s\u00e2u v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb th\u1ecbt nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e9t trung b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed9 pH 4,5-5,5. \u01afa s\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n b\u00f3ng che 50%. T\u00e1i sinh h\u1ea1t m\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n che 0,5-0,6 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n che 0,7-0,8 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y t\u00e1i sinh \u1edf c\u1ea5p chi\u1ec1u cao IV v\u00e0 V (H 1,5-2,0m). T\u00e0i sinh ch\u1ed3i r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u1ea7u r\u00e1i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf r\u1eebng k\u00edn l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh m\u01b0a \u1ea9m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 r\u1eebng th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh n\u1eeda l\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng theo m\u00f9a \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam\u00e1 .<\/p>\n

\u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u1ea7u r\u00e1i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai, S\u00f4ng B\u00e9, T\u00e2y Ninh, B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh cao nguy\u00ean mi\u1ec1n Trung nh\u01b0 Gia Lai, Kon Tum, \u0110\u1eafc L\u1eafc v\u00e0 L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9, \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao d\u01b0\u1edbi 100-200m. \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda Nam, D\u1ea7u r\u00e1i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 110<\/sup> v\u0129 B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn 160<\/sup> v\u0129 B\u1eafc (t\u1eeb T\u00e2y Ninh \u0111\u1ebfn Gia Lai) nh\u01b0ng t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai, S\u00f4ng B\u00e9 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ninh c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a 1600-1800 mm\/ n\u0103m, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 270<\/sup>C.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u1ed7 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c l\u00f5i \u00edt ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea1nh v\u00e8, m\u1ea5u, m\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c r\u1ed7ng ru\u1ed9t, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng 0,7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m g\u1ed7 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 d\u00e1n l\u1ea1ng. Nh\u1ef1a tr\u1eafng ch\u1ee9a 50-70% sesquiterpine c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u chai; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay c\u00f4l\u00f4phan trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf s\u01a1n, vecni, m\u1ef1c in…. x\u1ea3m thuy\u1ec1n, g\u1eafn k\u00ednh… L\u00e1, hoa, v\u1ecf c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ebf tanin v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

D\u1ea7u r\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng, l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u r\u1eebng, tr\u1ed3ng ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gieo tr\u1ed3ng <\/strong><\/p>\n

+ H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/em>: l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 cao 15-20m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 30-40cm ch\u01b0a khai th\u00e1c nh\u1ef1a. Thu nh\u1eb7t l\u00fac qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn v\u1eeba r\u1ee5ng, qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh c\u00f3 m\u00e0u c\u00e1nh d\u00e1n. M\u1ed7i kg c\u00f3 210-230 qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1t ch\u00f3ng m\u1ea5t s\u1ee9c n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 10-15 ng\u00e0y n\u00ean qu\u1ea3 sau khi thu v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef trong c\u00e1t \u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

+ T\u1ea1o c\u00e2y con:<\/em> ng\u00e2m qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3 6 gi\u1edd, c\u1eaft c\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u1ee7 r\u01a1m r\u1ea1 l\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng gieo v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m h\u1ea1t n\u1ee9t nanh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y m\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 5 ng\u00e0y \u0111em gieo ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

V\u1ecf b\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng P.E th\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00e1y, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 quanh th\u00e0nh b\u1ea7u, k\u00edch c\u1ee1 b\u1ea7u 8-10cm x 15-20cm. Ru\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea7ng m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1eebng l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh ho\u1eb7c n\u1eeda r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1, tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi 10-15% ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai v\u00e0 1-2% supel\u00e2n, n\u1ebfu \u00edt ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng 0,1%-0,5% \u0111\u1ea1m ur\u00ea.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t n\u1eb1m ngang ho\u1eb7c nghi\u00eang 450<\/sup>, l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e0y 2cm, d\u00f9ng tr\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecf c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i r\u1eafc k\u00edn m\u1eb7t b\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i, t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m cho c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

D\u00e0n che b\u1eb1ng n\u1ee9a c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 che b\u00f3ng 50% t\u1eeb l\u00fac gieo \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3-4 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i. D\u00e0n cao 1,7m \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n \u0111i l\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c.<\/p>\n

+ Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00e2y \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng:<\/em><\/p>\n

– Cao 25-30cm, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ed5 r\u1ec5 tr\u00ean 0,4cm n\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y con 3 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

– Cao 50-60cm, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ed5 r\u1ec5 tr\u00ean 0,6cm n\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y con 14 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 gieo t\u1eeb 15 th\u00e1ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 15 th\u00e1ng 5 ngay sau khi qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn.<\/p>\n

+ Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng <\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf n\u00e2u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 badan \u0111\u1ea5t x\u00e1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 granit v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 sa c\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1eebng th\u1ee9 sinh ngh\u00e8o ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng d\u1ea7u r\u00e1i l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Tu\u1ef3 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y con c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u 3 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c 14 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ef1c b\u00ec v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y con 3 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. Ph\u00e1t d\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e1ng 4. C\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed1 30 x 30 x 30cm. C\u1ef1 ly 3 x 4m. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 800-850 c\u00e2y\/ha. Gi\u1eefa hai b\u0103ng tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa, \u0111\u1ed7, l\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c s\u1eafn. C\u00e1ch g\u1ed1c d\u1ea7u r\u00e1i 0,5m c\u1ea7n gieo 2 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eadu thi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u tr\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e2y ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y 14 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo r\u1ea1ch. Ch\u1eb7t b\u1ecf t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7i v\u00e0 d\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c b\u00ec theo b\u0103ng, gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i l\u1edbp th\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u01a1i cao kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 4-5m. M\u1edf r\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp th\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u01a1i. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed1 40 x 40 40cm. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng 500-800 c\u00e2y\/ha.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o 15 th\u00e1ng 7 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac ch\u1eadm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 30 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y con 3 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y con 14 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i th\u00ec th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 6.<\/p>\n

Khi tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9 b\u1ecf b\u1ea7u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2y, l\u1ea5p h\u1ed1, n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ea5t theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sau khi tr\u1ed3ng, r\u1eebng non c\u1ea7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 3 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

– N\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: 2 l\u1ea7n, l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t hai th\u00e1ng sau khi tr\u1ed3ng, l\u1ea7n hai v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a kh\u00f4, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t b\u1ecf c\u00e2y c\u1ecf x\u00e2m l\u1ea5m v\u00e0 vun g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

– N\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai: 3 l\u1ea7n, v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u, gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t b\u1ecf c\u00e2y c\u1ecf x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n

– N\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba: 2 l\u1ea7n, v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t b\u1ecf c\u00e2y c\u1ecf x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4. Sau 8-10 n\u0103m t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf t\u00e1n cho c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

*********************************************<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cây g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn, cao t\u1edbi 40-45m, thân th\u1eb3ng tròn \u0111\u1ea7y, phân cành cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kính ngang ng\u1ef1c có th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 2-2,5m, v\u1ecf lúc còn non dày, khi cây l\u1edbn v\u1ecf m\u1ecfng, màu xám vàng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8584"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8584"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8584\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19317,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8584\/revisions\/19317"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8584"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8584"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}