{"id":8578,"date":"2009-03-24T02:18:07","date_gmt":"2009-03-23T19:18:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2009\/03\/nghien-cuu-ky-thuat-gay-trong-thong-do-taxus-wallichiana-zucc-tai-lam-dong\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T10:22:51","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T03:22:51","slug":"nghien-cuu-ky-thuat-gay-trong-thong-do-taxus-wallichiana-zucc-tai-lam-dong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/nghien-cuu-ky-thuat-gay-trong-thong-do-taxus-wallichiana-zucc-tai-lam-dong\/","title":{"rendered":"Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf (Taxus wallichiana Zucc) t\u1ea1i L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n T\u00f9ng, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Ti\u1ebfn, <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ee9a V\u0129nh T\u00f9ng, Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Ngh\u0129a<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 60 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, Taxol (chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb v\u1ecf th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf Taxus brevifolia<\/em>) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0. N\u0103m 1980, P. Poitier t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p 10 deacetin baccatin III chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb l\u00e1 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u00f4i sinh. V\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn th\u00ec th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf Hymalaya (Taxus wallichiana<\/em>) ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2y th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Le Come (1905-1952) t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf v\u00f9ng gi\u00e1p ranh \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t-Nha Trang v\u00e0 theo \u00f4ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 Taxus baccata<\/em>, c\u00f2n Menvyl Shemluck (1990) x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng thu\u1ed9c th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf Hymalaya (Taxus wallichian <\/em>Zucc). T\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ho\u00e1 sinh c\u1ee7a hai nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Xu\u00e2n, Mai V\u0103n Tr\u00ec, M.Shemluck (1990) v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Ngh\u0129a (1999) cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e1 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng taxoid kh\u00e1 cao, taxol t\u1eeb 0,01-0,02%,\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t 10 deacatin baccatin III c\u00f3 m\u1eabu cao g\u1ea5p 4 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi T. baccata<\/em> (0,1% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p). Do v\u1eady, th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng ngo\u00e0i \u00fd ngh\u0129a khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng kinh t\u1ebf to l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

1. \u0110i\u1ec1u tra kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t khu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Tr\u1ecdng, \u0110\u01a1n D\u01b0\u01a1ng, L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 TP \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t, \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1eeb 1.300m \u0111\u1ebfn 1.700m. Khu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ebbm n\u00fai c\u00e2y l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf, r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u00e2y l\u00e1 kim, bao quanh l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng ba l\u00e1 \u0111ang c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o khu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng thu h\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e2m h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ed9c, c\u00e2y \u0111\u01a1n t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c g\u1ed1c, sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm, t\u1ea7ng t\u00e1n ngang t\u1ea7ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c m\u1ecdc c\u1ea1nh b\u00ean. T\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh r\u1eebng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i Pinus kremfii<\/em> (th\u00f4ng hai l\u00e1 d\u1eb9t), Podocarpus imbricatus<\/em> (b\u1ea1ch t\u00f9ng), Podocarpus sp. (kim giao), Podocarpus neriifolius<\/em> (th\u00f4ng tre), Dacrydium <\/em>sp. (h\u1ed3ng t\u00f9ng), Taloma<\/em> gioi (gi\u1ed5i), Magnolietia fordiana<\/em> (v\u00e0ng t\u00e2m), Shima<\/em> sp. (ch\u00f2 x\u00f3t), c\u00e1c c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c h\u1ecd Sim (Myrtaceae<\/em>), h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7 quy\u00ean (Ericaceae<\/em>). C\u00e2y \u01b0a s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u01b0a \u1ea9m, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

M\u00f9a hoa t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 8-9 n\u0103m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn 6-7 n\u0103m sau xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3 non v\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 10-12 qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00fac n\u00e0y hoa c\u0169ng n\u1edf r\u1ed9. M\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u1eed y l\u00fac qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn. \u0110i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m n\u1eefa l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf mang \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t c\u1ea7n hai n\u0103m sau m\u1edbi n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean granit, n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf tr\u00ean bazan, n\u00e2u v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111acit\u2026 \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao, \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea3ng l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean hay b\u00e1n l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean, pH kh\u00e1 chua. \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u00e1 gi\u00e0u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 17,2 – 180<\/sup>C, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a 1634-1828mm\/n\u0103m. \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m 80-90%.<\/p>\n

3. Nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

* Nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 t\u00ednh (gi\u00e2m c\u00e0nh)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 ra r\u1ec5, hom l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e0nh m\u1edbi hay \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ed3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00f2n non v\u00e0 kho\u1ebb. Hom d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 15-20cm, r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, ng\u00e2m trong benlat 0,3%\/ 5 ph\u00fat, v\u1edbt \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e1o, x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch ra r\u1ec5, c\u1ea5y s\u00e2u 3-4cm, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 5x5cm tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1t. Mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hom t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1ea5y hom t\u1eeb c\u00e2y \u0111ang tho\u00e1i ho\u00e1 (hom \u1ed1m y\u1ebfu c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ra r\u1ec5 t\u1ed1t (70-80%), nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u00e9m). C\u00e2y cho hom c\u00f2n t\u01a1, kho\u1ebb, m\u1ecdc ngo\u00e0i s\u00e1ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u00edch ra r\u1ec5, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m auxin \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 IBA; ABT, NAA, IAA c\u0169ng cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n t\u1eeb 0,5-2% (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c b\u1ed9t) hay t\u1eeb 100-150ppm\/ 4gi\u1edd (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch). Tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y, hom ch\u00f3ng ra r\u1ec5 h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ebft cao h\u01a1n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi d\u00f9ng hom c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 non. Nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y hom ch\u1eadm ra r\u1ec5 v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng cao h\u01a1n do hom b\u1ecb th\u1ed1i g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

* Gieo h\u1ea1t<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1ee7 sinh l\u00fd l\u00e0 hai n\u0103m v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 2-3 th\u00e1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1ea1t theo h\u01b0\u1edbng sau: Thu h\u00e1i, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1eed y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u00f2 k\u1ef9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1t, r\u1eeda th\u1eadt s\u1ea1ch, ng\u00e2m trong benlat 0.3%\/ 10ph\u00fat (hay b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t s\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c), mang gieo tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gi\u1eef \u1ea9m nh\u01b0 d\u1edbn, th\u1ea3m m\u1ee5c trong r\u1eebng gi\u00e0 hay h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

4. G\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1997 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2000, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3,5 ha tr\u00ean 5 l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

* L\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba 1<\/em><\/strong>: Th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00e0 sim mua, ph\u00e1t th\u00e0nh b\u0103ng 1,5-2m, ch\u1eeba 2 h\u00e0ng hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 che b\u00f3ng. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c cao, \u00edt tho\u00e1ng gi\u00f3. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u00e2u v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean phi\u1ebfn th\u1ea1ch, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi: nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u m\u00f9n. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 0,2 ha. C\u00e2y mang tr\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e2y hom, tr\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 1997-1998.<\/p>\n

* L\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba 2:<\/em><\/strong>Tr\u1ed3ng xen trong r\u1eebng th\u01b0a g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng 3 l\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n cao 15-20m. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf tr\u00ean bazan, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi: trung b\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1 tho\u00e1ng gi\u00f3. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 1ha, tr\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 1997 v\u00e0 1998. C\u00e2y mang tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb hom gi\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

* L\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba 3<\/em><\/strong>: R\u1eebng c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 c\u00e2y nh\u1ee1 l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng, ch\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed1 tr\u1ed3ng, n\u00ean t\u00e0n che kh\u00e1 cao. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u00e2u v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean phi\u1ebfn th\u1ea1ch, kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e9t \u1edf tr\u00ean cao, nh\u01b0ng t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u m\u00f9n \u1edf ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ed9 tho\u00e1ng gi\u00f3 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3i c\u00f3 khe su\u1ed1i c\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00e1 l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi khu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 1,5ha, tr\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 1997 v\u00e0 1999. C\u00e2y mang tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb hom gi\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

* L\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba 4:<\/em><\/strong>\u0110\u1ea5t ven r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng 15 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng xen c\u1ea3 trong l\u00f4 th\u00f4ng 3 l\u00e1 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ec9a kh\u00e1 th\u01b0a v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1 t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, tho\u00e1ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 che b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1t. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 0,5 ha. C\u00e2y mang tr\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e2y h\u1eefu t\u00ednh (tr\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 1998) v\u00e0 c\u00e2y hom (tr\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 2000).<\/p>\n

* L\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba 5:<\/em><\/strong>\u0110\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7i th\u00e0nh b\u0103ng r\u1ed9ng 2m. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0n che, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng 50% v\u00e0 c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9m. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 0,2ha, tr\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 1999. C\u00e2y mang tr\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e2y hom.<\/p>\n

5. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n

* K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

+ Sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng (l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba)<\/em><\/p>\n

– M\u1ee9c sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u cao l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb hom c\u00e0nh ngang. Do hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, c\u00e2y c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e0nh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u cao. Do v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 sinh kh\u1ed1i th\u00ec c\u00e2y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

– N\u1ebfu c\u00e2y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ec1u cao th\u00ec t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e0nh. C\u00f3 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 3cm nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn 15 c\u00e0nh, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn 18cm nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 3 c\u00e0nh. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y t\u1eeb c\u00e0nh gi\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

– T\u1eeb n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i 2-3, c\u00e2y m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh. N\u1ebfu x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u cao th\u00ec n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai c\u00e2y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n v\u1ec1 sinh kh\u1ed1i ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e2y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 c\u00e0nh nh\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

– Trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng trong b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Do r\u00e2m h\u01a1n n\u00ean \u1edf l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba 3 c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng 10,5cm, trong khi \u1edf l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba 1 v\u00e0 2 m\u1ee9c sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 4-5cm.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e2y mang tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e0ng cao v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 c\u00e0nh v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao. L\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba 4 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e2y mang tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao l\u00fac tr\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 13cm th\u00ec sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng 4,6cm v\u00e0 mang 7 c\u00e0nh, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e2y mang tr\u1ed3ng cao 48cm th\u00ec sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng 17,6cm v\u00e0 mang \u0111\u1ebfn 28 c\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c b\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t b\u0103ng (l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba 1&3) hay r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a (l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba 2&4) \u0111\u1ec1u cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba 1 (th\u1ef1c b\u00ec to\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i) v\u00e0o m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng, \u00edt tho\u00e1ng gi\u00f3 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba s\u00e9t cao, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t cao, sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9m. L\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba 3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 \u0111o sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ed1p v\u00e0 \u1ea9m; c\u00f2n c\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng n\u01a1i cao h\u01a1n, do s\u00e9t n\u1eb7ng, n\u00ean khi g\u1eb7p h\u1ea1n th\u00ec h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebft h\u1ebft. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u1edf l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba 5, c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

– Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft v\u00e0o m\u00f9a kh\u00f4, cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 r\u1ec5 ngo\u1eb1n ng\u00e8o, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u00e9m, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2m s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, trong g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t \u1edf l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 c\u00e2y l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng che b\u00f3ng t\u1ea7ng cao, \u0111\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u1ea9m, t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1edbp th\u1ea3m m\u1ee5c d\u00e0y nh\u01b0 \u1edf l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba 3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd ph\u00e1t quang d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n. \u1edf l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba 4 c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea9m, t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p, gi\u00e0u m\u00f9n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng. Tuy v\u1eady, th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ed3ng xen trong r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng ba l\u00e1 – \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

+ Che b\u00f3ng (x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ef1c b\u00ec)<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che b\u00f3ng cho c\u00e2y con m\u1edbi tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ef1c b\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i: Ph\u00e1t th\u00e0nh b\u0103ng 1-1,5m, ch\u1eeba 2 h\u00e0ng 2 b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 che b\u00f3ng, h\u00e0ng n\u0103m ph\u00e1t quang theo b\u0103ng v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa m\u00f9a m\u01b0a cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00e1n c\u00e2y v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u1ea7ng b\u1ee5i.<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ef1c b\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u00e2y nh\u1ee1: C\u0169ng ph\u00e1t th\u00e0nh b\u0103ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ec9a c\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1n b\u1ecf d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u00e2y g\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n t\u00ednh \u01b0a s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ed3ng xen trong r\u1eebng th\u01b0a t\u00e1n cao: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7t b\u1ecf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 c\u00e2y nh\u1ee1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng c\u00f3 n\u1eafng chi\u1ebfu tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ed3ng ngo\u00e0i n\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0n che t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc: C\u1ea7n che t\u00fap ngay sau khi tr\u1ed3ng, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n che t\u00fap.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef cho v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

+ C\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng:<\/em>Tu\u1ed5i c\u00e2y t\u1eeb 1,5-2 tu\u1ed5i, c\u00e2y kho\u1ebb, cao t\u1eeb 30cm tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh, nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e2y hom t\u1eeb ch\u1ed3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1ecf ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd. Do v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1eddm hom cho ch\u1ed3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

* \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Khu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf \u0111ang b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c khoanh nu\u00f4i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Ch\u1eb7t th\u1ea5u quang \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u00fang kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 d\u00e2y leo c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb7t b\u1ecf th\u00f4ng ba l\u00e1 m\u1ecdc trong khu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng taxoid gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

– Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

– H\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u0103m n\u00e0o c\u00e2y c\u0169ng cho qu\u1ea3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

– X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u01b0\u1eddn gi\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1eb1m cung c\u1ea5p hom \u0111\u00fang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi c\u1ea7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e2y hom t\u1eeb ch\u1ed3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Lecomte H.,1950 \u2013 1952. Flore Generale de L\u2019lndochine. Paris<\/p>\n

2. Mai V\u0103n Tr\u00ec, Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ea3ng An, D.Guenard, F.Gueritte-Voegelein, 1995. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf Taxus chinensis<\/em>. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, T.33, s\u1ed1 1, 57-58.<\/p>\n

3. Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Kh\u00f4i, \u0110o\u00e0n Duy Tr\u00e0ng, 1997. Th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf Himalaya-ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa ung th\u01b0. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, 2-1997, 22-23.<\/p>\n

4. Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Ngh\u0129a, 1999. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ecb \u0111e do\u1ea1 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1999,148 trang.<\/p>\n

Research on planting technique of Taxus wallichiana<\/em> Zucc in Lam Dong.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Summary:<\/em><\/strong>Taxus wallichiana<\/em> Zucc was early detected in the area between Da Lat – Nha Trang. The distribution range of this species is gradually shrunk and the demarcation of area of this species for its protection and natural regrowth is necessary as besides the scientific signitiality. Through the survey and study of the distribution range as well as the sivilcultural characteristics of this species the group of authors who manage the research subject have carried out an experimental planting in 3.5 ha at 5 different sites so that suitable measure for forest planting could be drawn. Conclusions in tree growth, soil requirements, vegetation treatment, planting stock are given together with some recommendation.*****************************************************<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp niên 60 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, Taxol (chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb v\u1ecf thông \u0111\u1ecf Taxus brevifolia) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nói nhi\u1ec1u trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghiên c\u1ee9u và \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0. N\u0103m 1980, P. Poitier t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p 10 deacetin baccatin III chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb lá thông \u0111\u1ecf, \u0111ã gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nguyên li\u1ec7u và môi sinh. Và trong quá trình tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn thì thông \u0111\u1ecf Hymalaya (Taxus wallichiana) ngày càng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8578"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8578"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8578\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19323,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8578\/revisions\/19323"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}