{"id":8573,"date":"2009-03-24T02:16:36","date_gmt":"2009-03-23T19:16:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2009\/03\/trien-vong-phuc-hoi-he-sinh-thai-rung-mua-nhiet-doi-ho-sao-dau-o-viet-nam\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T10:24:57","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T03:24:57","slug":"trien-vong-phuc-hoi-he-sinh-thai-rung-mua-nhiet-doi-ho-sao-dau-o-viet-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/trien-vong-phuc-hoi-he-sinh-thai-rung-mua-nhiet-doi-ho-sao-dau-o-viet-nam\/","title":{"rendered":"Tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, h\u1ecd Sao d\u1ea7u \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam*"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e1i V\u0103n Tr\u1eebng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7n Sinh h\u1ecdc Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi<\/em><\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi (HSTRMN\u0110) tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n 933 tri\u1ec7u ha ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9 634 tri\u1ec7u ha, Trung phi 138 tri\u1ec7u ha v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00e1 161 tri\u1ec7u ha, \u0111ang b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kinh kh\u1ee7ng (t\u1eeb 1990 tr\u1edf \u0111i l\u00e0 17 tri\u1ec7u ha h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m – theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a FAO) nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sinh, t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, HST RMN\u0110 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb xo\u00e1 s\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i xanh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 CO2<\/sub> v\u00e0 nh\u1ea3 O2<\/sub> v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do t\u00edch t\u1ee5 CO2<\/sub> trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean “hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh” l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng l\u00ean kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, tan c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng \u1edf hai c\u1ef1c, d\u00e2ng cao m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0m ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng th\u1ea5p, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac! \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111ang \u0111e do\u1ea1 ch\u00fang ta trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, n\u1ebfu n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c! \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a “hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh”, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch (than \u0111\u00e1, d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed CO2<\/sub> th\u1ea3i ra theo cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 1997 Kyoto; m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i th\u1ea3m r\u1eebng xanh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec m\u1edbi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sinh th\u00e1i trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean tai nh\u01b0 l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, l\u1ed1c b\u00e3o, h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e do\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Naml\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam\u00e1, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 trong khu v\u1ef1c. Tr\u1ea3i qua 30 n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c (t\u1eeb 1945 \u2013 1975) di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i 5 tri\u1ec7u ha, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 2 tri\u1ec7u ha r\u1eebng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t c\u1ecf m\u00e0u da cam (agent orange) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 2 mi\u1ec1n Nam, B\u1eafc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 9,5 tri\u1ec7u ha r\u1eebng, m\u1ee9c che ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 29,1%, d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 14,8 tri\u1ec7u ha, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 che ph\u1ee7 43,8% (P. Maurand, L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0110\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng, 1943).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng trong ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh, sau \u0111\u1ee3t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea r\u1eebng n\u0103m 1983, 1,7 tri\u1ec7u ha r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb khai hoang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, cao su), n\u00ean t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 che ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 22,9%, v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 200.000 ha, m\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng 20.000ha, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 30% th\u00e0nh r\u1eebng. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1983 \u2013 1995, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh phong tr\u00e0o tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n trong nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1eebng che ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 20%. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1993, v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh 327 ph\u1ee7 xanh \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 \u0111\u1ebfn 60 tri\u1ec7u USD, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Pedford, keo l\u00e1 tr\u00e0m, keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, keo lai \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea5y s\u1ee3i. N\u0103m 1995, sau cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh \u1edf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt c\u00e1c B\u1ed9, B\u1ed9 L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o B\u1ed9 NN & PTNT, theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n \u0110i\u1ec1u tra Quy hoach r\u1eebng, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1eebng che ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 28%.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u0103m 1985, n\u1ea1n khai th\u00e1c \u1ed3 \u1ea1t l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u thu ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u khu r\u1eebng gi\u00e0u nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u sao d\u1ea7u \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean. V\u1ee5 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean N\u00fai \u00d4ng- Bi\u1ec3n L\u1ea1c \u1edf T\u00e1nh Linh, B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng 30.000ha c\u1ee7a l\u00e2m t\u1eb7c \u0110inh M\u1ea1nh H\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u b\u1ecb x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t qu\u00e1 nh\u1eb9 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng r\u0103n \u0111e \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u00e2m t\u1eb7c. Tuy c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho khai th\u00e1c trong r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 l\u00e9n l\u00fat \u0103n c\u1eafp g\u1ed7 qu\u00ed nh\u01b0 p\u01a1mu, g\u00f5 \u0111\u1ecf, c\u1ea9m lai trong c\u00e1c V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia trong khi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ki\u1ec3m l\u00e2m qu\u00e1 m\u1ecfng, qu\u00e1 y\u1ebfu n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00e2m th\u1ea7m \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh c\u00f2n r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng v\u00e0 l\u00e2m sinh h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Naml\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn nhanh ch\u00f3ng 10 tri\u1ec7u ha \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai tr\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sinh t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, h\u1ecd Sao d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Sau n\u0103m 1975, c\u00e2y keo l\u00e1 tr\u00e0m (Acacia auriculiformis<\/em>) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu, nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb \u00fac, c\u00f3 l\u00e1 gi\u1ea3, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1ng l\u00e1; r\u1ec5 c\u00f3 n\u1ed1t s\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1m v\u00e0 t\u00e1n l\u00e1 d\u00e0y r\u1eadm, kh\u00e9p t\u00e1n s\u1edbm n\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng d\u00e0y tr\u00ean 3000 c\u00e2y\/ ha n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u1ed1t cho \u0111\u1ea5t; l\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n hu\u1ef7 th\u00e0nh m\u00f9n h\u01a1i ch\u1eadm, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cho \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n, ki\u1ec7t m\u00e0u. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e2y keo l\u00e1 tr\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 xanh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ven bi\u1ec3n mi\u1ec1n nam thay cho c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng 2 l\u00e1 (Pinus merkusii)<\/em>, m\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n, th\u00e0nh r\u1eebng th\u01b0a, c\u00f3 l\u1edbp c\u1ecf d\u00e0y, b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t thay c\u00e2y b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n li\u1ec5u (Eucalyptus exerta<\/em>) h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c, tuy m\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc trung du B\u1eafc b\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n c\u00e1c ru\u1ed9ng \u1edf ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3i, n\u00ean n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb7t b\u1ecf. C\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda nam nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eadn h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n li\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2y b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng (Eucalyptus tereticornis<\/em>) \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1983, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i “Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn tranh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam”. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 r\u1eebng \u00fang ph\u00e8n, vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i r\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi h\u1ecd Sao d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n ha \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng savan c\u1ecf tranh (Imperata cylindrica<\/em>), c\u1ecf M\u1ef9 (Pennisetum polystachyon<\/em>) b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 n\u00f3ng, n\u00ean h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u00e1i sinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c! C\u00e2y keo l\u00e1 tr\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh r\u1eebng v\u00e0 nh\u1edd b\u1ed9 l\u00e1 d\u00e0y r\u1eadm sau khi kh\u00e9p t\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ecf tranh, c\u1ecf M\u1ef9 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n r\u1eebng. Sau 10 n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf lu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ecd Sao d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu c\u00f3 g\u1ed7 qu\u00fd (sao \u0111en, d\u1ea7u r\u00e1i, d\u1ea7u song n\u00e0ng, v\u00ean v\u00ean, g\u00f5 \u0111\u1ecf, c\u1ea9m lai), nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Sao \u0111en (Hopea odorata<\/em>) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh r\u1eebng: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0110\u00e3 \u0110\u00e0<\/strong>. V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, X\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p Gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y r\u1eebng ph\u00eda Nam \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng 3 c\u00e2y h\u1ecd Sao d\u1ea7u (sao \u0111en, d\u1ea7u r\u00e1i, v\u00ean v\u00ean), 2 c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 qu\u00ed (g\u00f5 \u0111\u1ecf, l\u00e1t hoa) v\u1edbi c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0o l\u00f4n h\u1ed9t (Anacardium occidentale<\/em>): \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh Qu\u00e1n<\/strong>. Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y sao d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 20 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao tr\u00ean 15 m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh tr\u00ean 20cm, ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi h\u1ecd Sao d\u1ea7u v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u00edt lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u0103m 1989, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edf lu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng, ch\u1eb7t h\u1ebft d\u1ea7n c\u00e2y keo l\u00e1 tr\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 15 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1978 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n laterit ho\u00e1 \u1edf B\u1ebfn \u0110\u00ecnh (C\u1ee7 Chi) v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng 21 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd Sao d\u1ea7u (sao \u0111en, d\u1ea7u r\u00e1i, v\u00ean v\u00ean, s\u1ebfn m\u1ee7) v\u00e0 c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu c\u00f3 g\u1ed7 qu\u00fd (g\u00f5 \u0111\u1ecf, g\u00f5 m\u1eadt, tr\u1eafc, mu\u1ed3ng \u0111en), m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng \u1ea9m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec7m thu n\u0103m 1993, sau \u0111\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean 50ha \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh C\u1ee7 Chi<\/strong>, \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean khu r\u1eebng keo l\u00e1 tr\u00e0m ph\u1ee7 xanh 3000ha \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1978 \u1edf L\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00fa L\u1ed9c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia B\u1ea1ch M\u00e3: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e8o H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n<\/strong> hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang m\u1edf lu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c (sao \u0111en, d\u1ea7u r\u00e1i, ki\u1ec1n ki\u1ec1n, hu\u1ef7nh, tr\u1eafc, g\u1ee5\u2026) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng \u1ea9m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi h\u1ecd Sao d\u1ea7u. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham quan, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc M\u00eahic\u00f4 Gomez \u2013 Pampa: “R\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c” (The Tropical Rain Forest, a non \u2013 renewable resource, Science 177, 1972).<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh 5 tri\u1ec7u ha r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng qua n\u0103m 1997, n\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, vay v\u1ed1n ODA, vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y keo l\u00e1 tr\u00e0m ph\u1ee7 xanh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a 9 t\u1ec9nh ven bi\u1ec3n mi\u1ec1n Trung, nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e8o H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n, tr\u1ed3ng d\u00e0y 4000 \u2013 5000 c\u00e2y\/ ha \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eebng ch\u00f3ng kh\u00e9p t\u00e1n, t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7i \u0111un sau 5 n\u0103m, l\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea5y sau 10 n\u0103m v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf gia d\u1ee5ng sau 20 n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2005 s\u1ebd m\u1edf lu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7t h\u1ebft d\u1ea7n keo l\u00e1 tr\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee3t 1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh 5 tri\u1ec7u ha r\u1eebng. Nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 che ch\u1eafn h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e1t sinh d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a tr\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc do nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t \u00e1p th\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi g\u00e2y ra, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean tai nh\u01b0 l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, l\u1ed1c b\u00e3o, h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. UNESCO, UNEP, FAO, 1972 – Ecosystems forestiers tropicaux 740 pp.<\/p>\n

2. Gomez Pampa& at, 1972. The tropical rainforest, a non-renewable resource. Science 177.<\/p>\n

3. Nguy\u1ec5n Quang H\u00e0, 1996. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u00f4ng l\u00e2m ng\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

4. Th\u00e1i V\u0103n Tr\u1eebng, 1970 – 1978. Th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t Nam- NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

5. Th\u00e1i V\u0103n Tr\u1eebng, 1996. Th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nguy c\u01a1 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 xanh. N\u00f4ng l\u00e2m ng\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

6. Th\u00e1i V\u0103n Tr\u1eebng, 1999. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

——————–<\/p>\n

(*): B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o khoa h\u1ecdc Ng\u00e0nh sinh h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2001, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i t\u1eeb 2 – 5\/ 7\/ 2001.*******************************************<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ec7 sinh thái r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi (HSTRMN\u0110) trên th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n còn 933 tri\u1ec7u ha phân b\u1ed1 \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9 634 tri\u1ec7u ha, Trung phi 138 tri\u1ec7u ha và \u0110ông Nam á 161 tri\u1ec7u ha, \u0111ang b\u1ecb phá hu\u1ef7 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kinh kh\u1ee7ng (t\u1eeb 1990 tr\u1edf \u0111i là 17 tri\u1ec7u ha h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m – theo tài li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a FAO) nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a có ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tái sinh, tái t\u1ea1o có hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu không có bi\u1ec7n pháp tích c\u1ef1c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n n\u1ea1n phá r\u1eebng trên th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thì \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, HST RMN\u0110 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb xoá s\u1ea1ch trên hành tinh trái \u0111\u1ea5t và không còn là lá ph\u1ed5i xanh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 CO2 và nh\u1ea3 O2 vào không khí, c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o môi tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8573"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8573"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8573\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19328,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8573\/revisions\/19328"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8573"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8573"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8573"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}