{"id":8572,"date":"2009-03-24T02:16:18","date_gmt":"2009-03-23T19:16:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2009\/03\/ve-quyen-su-dung-dat-lam-nuong-ray-cua-dong-bao-dan-toc-thieu-so-o-mien-nui\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T10:25:09","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T03:25:09","slug":"ve-quyen-su-dung-dat-lam-nuong-ray-cua-dong-bao-dan-toc-thieu-so-o-mien-nui","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ve-quyen-su-dung-dat-lam-nuong-ray-cua-dong-bao-dan-toc-thieu-so-o-mien-nui\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u0169 Long<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7n KHLN Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby <\/strong><\/p>\n

Sau 10 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c: s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ean 35 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u g\u1ea1o tr\u00ean 4 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n\/ n\u0103m. \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng an ninh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai, v\u00f9ng cao m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c (kho\u1ea3ng 300kg\/ ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/ n\u0103m), ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang chuy\u00ean canh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eadp trung nh\u01b0 cao su, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, ch\u00e8 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai, v\u00f9ng cao r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n: \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai, \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ed1c l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, ru\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0u r\u1ea5t \u00edt. C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai v\u00e0 trung du B\u1eafc b\u1ed9, B\u1eafc Trung b\u1ed9, Duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i mi\u1ec1n Trung v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch chi\u1ebfm 80% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n 45% \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c (4,2 tri\u1ec7u ha), trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00faa v\u00e0 m\u00e0u ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 44,58% (1,9 tri\u1ec7u ha). Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng khai hoang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: \u1edf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 589.000 ha, chi\u1ebfm 6,35% t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng; di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u (635.127 ha). Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai v\u00f9ng cao ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ed1c v\u00e0o canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby lu\u00e2n canh ho\u1eb7c du canh, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c. \u1edfv\u00f9ng cao (nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 T\u00e2y B\u1eafc), ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh cho h\u1ecd. T\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a 1.878 x\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh 135 l\u00e0 1,3 tri\u1ec7u ha, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 0,6 tri\u1ec7u ha ru\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f2n 0,7 tri\u1ec7u ha (53,8%) l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai ph\u00eda B\u1eafc h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby lu\u00e2n canh, du canh. \u0110\u1ebfn nay (2001) \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh canh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng: 1.553.411 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u (257.696 h\u1ed9,1.477 x\u00e3, 222 huy\u1ec7n), t\u1eadp trung \u1edf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai ph\u00eda b\u1eafc l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh (53,35% nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u).(*2)<\/em><\/p>\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai ph\u00eda b\u1eafc (*3) ( 600 h\u1ed9, \u1edf 24 x\u00e3: 3 x\u00e3 v\u00f9ng I, 15 x\u00e3 v\u00f9ng II, 6 x\u00e3 v\u00f9ng III, thu\u1ed9c 9 huy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, Y\u00ean B\u00e1i) cho bi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

– H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f2n l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao, v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 1712 m2<\/sup>\/ h\u1ed9, chi\u1ebfm 8% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 x\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 5.560m2<\/sup>\/ h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

– Trong 6 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, c\u00f3 5 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c (83%) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby (ch\u01b0a \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Th\u00e1i, M\u00f4ng).<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng cao cho bi\u1ebft: di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a 1 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh( 5-7 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u) l\u00e0 1-1,5 ha.<\/p>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y: (*4)<\/p>\n

S = s x H [ S: t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby (ha); H: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c (s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n)].<\/p>\n

T+t<\/p>\n

H = ——- [T: th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 (n\u0103m);<\/p>\n

t t: th\u1eddi gian canh t\u00e1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (v\u1ee5)]<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c. N\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, r\u1eebng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nhanh (ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea7u m\u1ee1) th\u00ec th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 ng\u1eafn; c\u00f2n n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea5u, r\u1eebng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1eadm th\u00ec th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 l\u00e2u. N\u01a1i th\u01b0a d\u00e2n, qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 d\u00e0i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 7-8 n\u0103m, n\u01a1i \u00edt \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 cho \u0111\u1ea5t ngh\u1ec9 1- 2 n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai tho\u00e1i ho\u00e1 nhanh.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby kho\u1ea3ng 3-4 tri\u1ec7u ha. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00f2n ng\u00e0nh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 r\u1eebng (?) .<\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

Canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby lu\u00e2n canh \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai, v\u00f9ng cao c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng cao trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby ch\u1ec9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u01b0a, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00f2n khi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng cao (t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc), s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 th\u00ec canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng b\u1ecb hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai tho\u00e1i ho\u00e1, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u0169ng l\u00e2m v\u00e0o kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3i. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng cao l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t cao: 51,03% (c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc 10,64%, mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai 23%) (*2). \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh canh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1eeb 40 n\u0103m nay v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t. L\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai, v\u00f9ng cao \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai, v\u00f9ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1edd k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00faa v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, t\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, song v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nan gi\u1ea3i .<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e1c. N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n xu\u00f4i mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai, v\u00f9ng cao n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u00edt ru\u1ed9ng, th\u00ec mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby lu\u00e2n canh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai, ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 xo\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u0103m. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ta l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

– Theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 85\/1999\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 28\/8\/1999 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 giao \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m: \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y l\u00e2u n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ea5t nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby \u0111\u1ecbnh canh<\/em>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai tr\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ea5t hoang ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n (\u0111i\u1ec1u 2). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby \u0111\u1ecbnh canh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby lu\u00e2n canh, du canh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao. Ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng (trong th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y).<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n ng\u00e0nh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng coi \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby lu\u00e2n canh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, v\u1edbi l\u00fd do: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e2m ngh\u1ecb\u00eap, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p (16 -19 tri\u1ec7u ha). Theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 163\/1999\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 16\/11\/1999c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 giao \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

(i) \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n \u00edt xung y\u1ebfu, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9;<\/p>\n

(ii) \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p quy hoach \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (\u0111i\u1ec1u 8 v\u00e0 9);<\/p>\n

(iii) \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p giao cho h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh c\u00e2y r\u1eebng, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c (\u0111i\u1ec1u 3, kho\u1ea3n 2 &3). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e2u n\u0103m c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng <\/em>(\u0111i\u1ec1u 15).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby lu\u00e2n canh c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p. Khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh giao \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, ki\u1ec3m l\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng giao \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby cho h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng, \u0111\u00e3 quy v\u00f9ng l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby cho c\u00e1c th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7, t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby.<\/p>\n

Theo ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh, ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f2n 10 tri\u1ec7u ha, chi\u1ebfm 30,4% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai ch\u01b0a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 7,6 tri\u1ec7u ha, chi\u1ebfm 23,37% (*1). \u0110\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a giao, cho thu\u00ea (ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7). Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby lu\u00e2n canh, du canh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m \u1edf lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby (\u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ang canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ecf ho\u00e1) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd t\u1ed9c, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n, quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp theo lu\u1eadt t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong l\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u00edt \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng khi l\u1eadp quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng, c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, giao \u0111\u1ea5t cho li\u00ean doanh c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u1edf th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch, v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1edbi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ngay c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n di c\u01b0 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0o T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, \u0110\u00f4ng Namb\u1ed9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do khai ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5t hoang, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ” mua” l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Xin n\u00eau m\u1ed9t d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf x\u00f3m D\u00f5i x\u00e3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u1ed9, huy\u1ec7n Nam \u0110\u00f4ng, t\u1ec9nh Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean – Hu\u1ebf v\u1ec1 giao \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p (Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch giao \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n – Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng Mai – \u0110HNL Hu\u1ebf, 2000) cho bi\u1ebft: “Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y (\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o K\u00e0 Tu) ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby v\u00e0 thu h\u00e1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb r\u1eebng. N\u0103m 1997, khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quy ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u1edf x\u00e3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u1ed9 nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 36\/ 65 h\u1ed9 – chi\u1ebfm 55,8% h\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong th\u00f4n c\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c khe Chamon, v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 33,5 ha. Sau 3 n\u0103m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n giao \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gia t\u0103ng, theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf th\u00f4n D\u00f5i c\u00f3 80 h\u1ed9- do t\u00e1ch h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 50 h\u1ed9 (62,2% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9) trong th\u00f4n c\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby \u1edf khe Chamon, v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch g\u1ea7n 50ha t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch lu\u00e2n canh kho\u1ea3ng 200ha, trong \u0111\u00f3 27 h\u1ed9 v\u1eeba canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby v\u1eeba thu h\u00e1i l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 th\u00eam 17 h\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o thu h\u00e1i l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n ngo\u00e0i g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c r\u1eebng chi\u1ebfm 87% s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 trong th\u00f4n. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u giao \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1t Ki\u1ec3m l\u00e2m Nam\u0110\u00f4ng, vi\u1ec7c giao \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 sau :<\/p>\n

+ S\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p: 63\/65 h\u1ed9,<\/p>\n

+ T\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 giao: 105,1 ha,<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3: tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng l\u00e0 59,7ha , NLKH l\u00e0 45,4ha.<\/p>\n

Sau khi nh\u1eadn s\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9 n\u00e0o t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao, tr\u1eeb l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7i v\u00e0 th\u1ea3 tr\u00e2u b\u00f2. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao th\u00ec d\u00e2n v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao th\u00ec b\u1ecf hoang ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Qua \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, c\u00f2n tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec bu\u00f4ng l\u1ecfng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n lu\u00f4n \u1edf th\u1ebf b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1t n\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb quy v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

3. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng cao th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1eadp quan tr\u1ecdng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng th\u00ec Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf h\u1eb3n. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc giao c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby lu\u00e2n canh cho h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y n\u00ean x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hay \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p? Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u00ean x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00ec:<\/p>\n

(i) L\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby lu\u00e2n canh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lu\u00e2n canh r\u1eebng – r\u1eaby – r\u1eebng – r\u1eaby… di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng hay th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p 3-5 l\u1ea7n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eaby. Hi\u1ec7n nay r\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 qu\u1ebf, c\u00e2y nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00ec r\u1eebng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn (m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng);<\/p>\n

(ii) Khi nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby gi\u1ea3m th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh r\u1eebng, ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

Giao \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby cho h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00ean giao theo \u0111\u1ea5t \u00f4ng cha, tr\u00e1nh x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 bao chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, x\u00ed ph\u1ea7n cho con ch\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 mua b\u00e1n, sang nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam t\u00fac vi\u1ec7c giao \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tham gia (c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng giao \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch d\u00e2n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng l\u00e0m r\u1eaby. Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee7 \u0103n. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho d\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 t\u00fac l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c sang s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby.<\/p>\n

Giao \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby cho h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng tao \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng b\u1eeba b\u00e3i, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t l\u1eabn nhau.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby l\u00e0 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai, \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch giao \u0111\u1ea5t cho h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.
\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi 5 tri\u1ec7u ha r\u1eebng. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ecba ch\u00ednh 11-2000.<\/p>\n

2. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, C\u1ee5c \u0110C\u0110C v\u00e0 KTM- B\u1ed9 NN-PTNT, 2001.<\/p>\n

3. \u0110i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh… V\u0169 Long ,Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i KHKT Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 2000.<\/p>\n

4. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh LNXH T\u00e2y nguy\u00ean, V\u0169 Long , Vi\u1ec7n KHLN, 1995.<\/p>\n

5. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch giao \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n x\u00e3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u1ed9-Nam \u0110\u00f4ng- TT-Hu\u1ebf,Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng Mai,\u0110HNL Hu\u1ebf, 2000.<\/p>\n

On right to land use for Slash-and-burn cultivation of the ethnic minority people in mountainous regions.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Summary:<\/em><\/strong>Total land area under slash-and-burn cultivation in our country is about 3 \u2013 4 millions hectares. Using sloping land for shifting slash-and-burn cultivation is needed for self sufficiency in food by the ethnic minority people in mountainous regions can not be done away with in a couple of year. This cultivation system is suitable to conditions of low population density and less developed production force but this is a main cause leading to loss of forest and environment degradation. However as far as land management is concerned this need is not yet legal while it is loosly managed in practice.<\/p>\n

Through analysis the author recommends allocating lad for slash-and-burn cultivation to ethnic minority households that are in need aimed at ensuring sufficient food for them, gradually creating conditions for them to shift from self sufficiency in food production to commodity production as a step to do away with slash-and-burn cultivation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sau 10 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, n\u1ec1n nông nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111ã \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thành t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c: s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c toàn qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1t trên 35 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u g\u1ea1o trên 4 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n\/ n\u0103m. \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u vùng an ninh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111ã \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o. Tuy nhiên, \u1edf mi\u1ec1n núi, vùng cao m\u1ed1i quan tâm hàng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi dân v\u1eabn là s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c (kho\u1ea3ng 300kg\/ ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/ n\u0103m), ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ít vùng \u0111ã chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang chuyên canh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cây công nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eadp trung nh\u01b0 cao su, cà phê, chè và có \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trao \u0111\u1ed5i hàng hoá.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8572"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8572"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8572\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19329,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8572\/revisions\/19329"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8572"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8572"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8572"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}