{"id":8571,"date":"2009-03-24T02:15:40","date_gmt":"2009-03-23T19:15:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2009\/03\/ket-qua-nghien-cuu-xay-dung-mo-hinh-canh-tac-ray-theo-huong-su-dung-dat-ben-vung-o-tay-bac\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T10:25:21","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T03:25:21","slug":"ket-qua-nghien-cuu-xay-dung-mo-hinh-canh-tac-ray-theo-huong-su-dung-dat-ben-vung-o-tay-bac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ket-qua-nghien-cuu-xay-dung-mo-hinh-canh-tac-ray-theo-huong-su-dung-dat-ben-vung-o-tay-bac\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby theo h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u1edf T\u00e2y B\u1eafc"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Qu\u1ebf,<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110inh V\u0103n Quang, \u0110inh Thanh Giang<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trung t\u00e2m NC Sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng<\/em><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00e2y B\u1eafc l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch du canh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, v\u1edbi t\u00ednh di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 91.581ha \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby. Do t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n canh t\u00e1c l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 trong v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby trong v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong v\u00f9ng. Do v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t, r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf ho\u00e1, t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong v\u00f9ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

I. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u1ea1m vi, n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Dao v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

– Ph\u1ea7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i 2 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 S\u01a1n La.<\/p>\n

2. N\u1ed9i dung<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

* Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t chung t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. <\/em><\/p>\n

* \u0110i\u1ec1u tra kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc. <\/em><\/p>\n

* X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i 2 \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 <\/em>S\u01a1n La.<\/em><\/p>\n

+ Gieo tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu kh\u00e1c nhau theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn nh\u1eb1m r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby.<\/p>\n

+ Gieo tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu theo b\u0103ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng xen nh\u1eb1m k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

+ Theo d\u00f5i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

* \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/em><\/p>\n

3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

*Tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan<\/em><\/p>\n

+ \u0110i\u1ec1u tra t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh d\u00e2n sinh, kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong v\u00f9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin qua vi\u1ec7c tham kh\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u00f9ng phi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u tra theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nhanh n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n RRA v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nhanh n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n PRA.<\/p>\n

+ \u0110i\u1ec1u tra t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n canh t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

+ L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, so s\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

* X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m <\/em><\/p>\n

+ M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

+ C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

+ Thu ho\u1ea1ch m\u1eabu \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. Ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec3m thu ho\u1ea1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m thu ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1i \u00f4 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

+ L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

+ C\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng – Vi\u1ec7n KHLN Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

II. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n

* \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/em><\/p>\n

– T\u00e2y B\u1eafc g\u1ed3m 3 t\u1ec9nh: S\u01a1n La, Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 Lai Ch\u00e2u. T\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 3,6 tri\u1ec7u ha, b\u1eb1ng 2,8% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trong v\u00f9ng kho\u1ea3ng 2 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai trong v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai cao t\u1eeb 2000 – 3000m. Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi trung b\u00ecnh n\u0103m kho\u1ea3ng 20 – 22OC<\/sup>. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a trung b\u00ecnh n\u0103m 1200 – 1600mm.<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ea5t trong v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, phong ph\u00fa, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng chua v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c l\u1edbn. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ecf kho\u1ea3ng 8,5%.<\/p>\n

* T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t<\/em><\/p>\n

– V\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 30 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c sinh s\u1ed1ng, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 55,6% th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trong to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trong v\u00f9ng cao.<\/p>\n

– B\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1t 248,1kg\/ ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/ n\u0103m, b\u1eb1ng 71% so v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ea5p, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00faa \u0111\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh 19 t\u1ea1\/ ha, b\u1eb1ng 57% n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00faa c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

– Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng l\u00e0 2.464.326 ha, chi\u1ebfm 68,3% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ed9 che ph\u1ee7 trong v\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (\u00bb13,2%).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5t ru\u1ed9ng trong v\u00f9ng \u00edt, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi < 300m2<\/sup>. Do v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng trong v\u00f9ng l\u00e0 l\u00faa n\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfm 26,7% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00faa n\u01b0\u01a1ng trong v\u00f9ng th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh 1,1 t\u1ea5n \/ ha.<\/p>\n

– T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh canh, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 trong v\u00f9ng: C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh canh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 cho \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh, v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1edbi 41.787 ha v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 269.961 kh\u1ea9u s\u1ed1ng du canh du c\u01b0.<\/p>\n

* M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc<\/em><\/p>\n

+ M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o H’M\u00f4ng \u1edf S\u01a1n La.
\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chu k\u1ef3 lu\u00e2n canh r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o H’M\u00f4ng \u1edf S\u01a1n La<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1985<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
R\u00f5ng t\u00f9 nhi\u00aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u00ab 3 – 4 n\u00a8m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e1 ho\u00b8 15 – 20 n\u00a8m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
L\u00f3a n\u00ad\u00acng 2 -3 N\u00a8m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

H\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby<\/p>\n

l\u00faa-ng\u00f4-b\u1ecf ho\u00e1<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh sau n\u0103m 1985<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00f3a n\u00ad\u00acng 2-3 n\u00a8m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
R\u00f5ng t\u00b8i sinh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
N\u00ad\u00acng xa nh\u00b5 N\u00ad\u00acng g\u00c7n nh\u00b5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e1 ho\u00b8 4-6n\u00a8m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u00ab 2-3 n\u00a8m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
\u00fdd\u00dc 1-3n\u00a8m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
H\u00d6 canh t\u00b8c n\u00ad\u00acng r\u00c9y l\u00f3a-ng\u00ab-b\u00e1 ho\u00b8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
C\u00a9y \u00a8n qu\u00b6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

So s\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a 2 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau n\u0103m 1985.<\/p>\n

– T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 n\u0103m canh t\u00e1c l\u00faa v\u00e0 hoa m\u00e0u trong m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 sau n\u0103m 1985 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 5 – 7 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m, t\u1eeb 20 – 25 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 10 – 12 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

– S\u1ed1 n\u0103m b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ng\u1eafn, tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1985 th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 t\u1eeb 15 – 20 n\u0103m, sau n\u0103m 1985 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 4 -6 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u0103ng:<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 n\u0103m canh t\u00e1c<\/p>\n

R = ———————————————-<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 n\u0103m canh t\u00e1c + S\u1ed1 n\u0103m b\u1ecf ho\u00e1<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1985 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 R = 20% -30%; sau n\u0103m 1985 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 R = 40% – 45%.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 R t\u0103ng n\u00ean n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng gi\u1ea3m sau m\u1ed7i v\u1ee5 canh t\u00e1c do th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t sau n\u0103m 1985 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n do v\u00f2ng quay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft tr\u1ed3ng xen hoa m\u00e0u, \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u1ed7 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch g\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u00eam vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 t\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u01a1ng xa nh\u00e0 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tho\u00e1i ho\u00e1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhanh, vi\u1ec7c canh t\u00e1c s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

+ M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Dao.<\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u00e2n canh n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Dao \u1edf Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1986<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00f3a n\u00ad\u00acng 2-4n\u00a8m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
S\u00ben 2 n\u00a8m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00d6 canh t\u00b8c n\u00ad\u00acng r\u00c9y l\u00f3a-s\u00ben-b\u00e1 ho\u00b8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
R\u00f5ngTN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e1 ho\u00b8 5-10n\u00a8m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh sau n\u0103m 1986<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
R\u00f5ng t\u00f9 nhi\u00aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
L\u00f3a n\u00ad\u00acng 1-2n\u00a8m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
H\u00d6 canh t\u00b8c n\u00ad\u00acng r\u00c9y l\u00f3a-s\u00ben-b\u00e1 ho\u00b8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
S\u00ben 1-2 n\u00a8m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e1 ho\u00b8 3-4n\u00a8m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

So s\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a 2 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau n\u0103m 1986.<\/p>\n

– T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 n\u0103m canh t\u00e1c l\u00faa v\u00e0 hoa m\u00e0u trong m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 r\u1eaby gi\u1ea3m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m1986 l\u00e0 4 – 6 n\u0103m, sau n\u0103m 1986 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 2 – 4 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1986 t\u1eeb 10 – 16 n\u0103m, sau n\u0103m 1986 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 6 – 8 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

– S\u1ed1 n\u0103m b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1986 l\u00e0 5 – 10 n\u0103m, sau n\u0103m 1986 l\u00e0 3 – 4 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 R tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1986 \u0111\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3ng 30% – 40% v\u00e0 sau n\u0103m 1986 kho\u1ea3ng 40% – 50%.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t:<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Dao hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 R t\u0103ng do th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 ng\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb canh t\u00e1c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u00ean n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ea5p, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng canh t\u00e1c thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

2. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

* C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn 4 \u0111i\u1ec3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 2 \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 S\u01a1n La. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 gieo tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e2y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng xen nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 1:<\/em>Tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 10.000 kh\u00f3m\/ ha (m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 1 x 1m\/ kh\u00f3m) nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 che ph\u1ee7, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nhanh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ec c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i: C\u00e2y \u0110\u1eadu tri\u1ec1u \u1ea5n \u0110\u1ed9 (Cajanus cajan<\/em>); c\u00e2y C\u1ed1t kh\u00ed (Tephrosia candida<\/em>); c\u00e2y Keo d\u1eadu (Leucaena leucocephala<\/em> ); Keo Philipin (Desmodium rensonii<\/em> )<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 2:<\/em> Tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu theo b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1eeba ch\u1ed1ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5t t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng xen. C\u00e1c b\u0103ng c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng 45 – 60cm g\u1ed3m 2 h\u00e0ng (1 h\u00e0ng \u0110\u1eadu tri\u1ec1u \u1ea5n \u0110\u1ed9 + 1 h\u00e0ng C\u1ed1t kh\u00ed) tr\u1ed3ng theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed3ng tu\u1ef3 theo \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c, c\u1ef1 ly 10 – 20m\/ h\u00e0ng), c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng xen c\u00f3 l\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ng\u00f4 LVN10.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 3:<\/em>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c v\u00f9i l\u00e1 c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu trong b\u0103ng c\u00e2y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng xen nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. B\u00f3n l\u00e1 C\u1ed1t kh\u00ed v\u00e0 Desmodium t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 20 t\u1ea5n l\u00e1 \/ ha + 40 kg sunph\u00e1t amon c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb N15<\/sup> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng .<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 4:<\/em>Kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t sau 2 n\u0103m tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa so v\u1edbi tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean 5 – 6 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

* K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1997 – 1999 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 1:<\/em>Tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecf ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Theo d\u00f5i sinh kh\u1ed1i c\u00e1c c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 1. Sinh kh\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu 18 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i t\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh ( <\/em><\/strong>t\u1ea5n \/ ha)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
TT<\/td>\nLo\u00e0i<\/td>\nTh\u00f5n<\/td>\nL\u1ecf<\/td>\nC?ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tuoi<\/td>\nKh\u1ee5<\/td>\nTuoi<\/td>\nKh\u1ee5 ki?t<\/td>\nTuoi<\/td>\nKh\u1ee5 ki?t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/p>\n

2<\/p>\n

3<\/p>\n

4<\/td>\n

Keo d\u1eadu<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eadu tri\u1ec1u<\/p>\n

C\u1ed1t kh\u00ed<\/p>\n

Desmodium<\/td>\n

15<\/p>\n

35<\/p>\n

20<\/p>\n

36<\/td>\n

8<\/p>\n

16<\/p>\n

11<\/p>\n

14<\/td>\n

5<\/p>\n

4.5<\/p>\n

5.0<\/p>\n

5<\/td>\n

1.65<\/p>\n

1.5<\/p>\n

1.5<\/p>\n

1.8<\/td>\n

20<\/p>\n

39.5<\/p>\n

25.0<\/p>\n

41.0<\/td>\n

9.65<\/p>\n

17.5<\/p>\n

12.5<\/p>\n

15.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 sinh kh\u1ed1i l\u1edbn l\u00e0 C\u1ed1t kh\u00ed, \u0110\u1eadu tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0 Desmodium th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng che ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111em v\u00f9i ch\u00fang v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 20 – 41 t\u1ea5n\/ ha th\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u00e1, cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Desmodium v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eadu tri\u1ec1u. Theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u00ec lo\u00e0i Desmodium cung c\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng N, P, K l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t (100kg N\/ ha, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 3 t\u1ea1 ur\u00ea \/ 1ha). C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb 40 – 70 kg\/ ha tu\u1ef3 lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn sau 3 n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00f9n, N, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00f3i m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5t. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n trong \u00f4 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ed3ng C\u1ed1t kh\u00ed ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 9,5% so v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00faa thu\u1ea7n, th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i so v\u1edbi b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 4 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t trong \u00f4 tr\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1eadu tri\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi sinh v\u1eadt (VSV) t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t 27,6 . 107<\/sup> g\u1ea5p 72 l\u1ea7n \u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng, t\u1ea1i \u00f4 tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn C\u1ed1t kh\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3ng VSV trong \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng g\u1ea5p 34 l\u1ea7n n\u01a1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. V\u1ec1 vi khu\u1ea9n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1m: C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u00edt trong c\u00e1c \u00f4 tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u cao h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng (20 – 25 l\u1ea7n, xem b\u1ea3ng 3).<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 2: <\/em>Tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu theo b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu theo b\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f9n cao nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 b\u0103ng xanh c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu, th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi b\u1ecf ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng canh t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u0103ng xanh ch\u1ed1ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ea7ng m\u1eb7t m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u sau m\u1ed7i v\u1ee5 canh t\u00e1c. Q\u00faa tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng gi\u1ea3m nhanh sau m\u1ed7i v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 2. B\u0103ng c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng sau 2 n\u0103m<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng xen<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/td>\nC\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ed3ng<\/td>\n1997<\/td>\n1998<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M\u1ed9c Ch\u00e2u \u2013 S\u01a1n La<\/td>\n– L\u00faa n\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n<\/p>\n

– L\u00faa n\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ed3ng trong b\u0103ng<\/p>\n

– Ng\u00f4 LVN 10 tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n<\/p>\n

– Ng\u00f4 LVN 10 tr\u1ed3ng trong b\u0103ng<\/td>\n

11.0<\/p>\n

9.6<\/p>\n

20.3<\/p>\n

19.2<\/td>\n

8.0<\/p>\n

10.4<\/p>\n

17.0<\/p>\n

20.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

B\u00ecnh Thanh – K\u1ef3 S\u01a1n – Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh<\/td>\n– Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n<\/p>\n

– Ng\u00f4 LVN 10 tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n<\/p>\n

– Ng\u00f4 LVN 10 tr\u1ed3ng trong b\u0103ng<\/p>\n

– L\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n<\/p>\n

– L\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ed3ng trong b\u0103ng<\/td>\n

9.5<\/p>\n

13.4<\/p>\n

13.2<\/p>\n

7.2<\/p>\n

6.0<\/td>\n

8.0<\/p>\n

11.0<\/p>\n

13.7<\/p>\n

7.0<\/p>\n

6.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u0103ng xanh, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng gi\u1ea3m nhanh ch\u1ec9 ngay sau m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 canh t\u00e1c. Trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ed3ng xen b\u0103ng, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m do di\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu 10 – 15% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong b\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1eadm trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau.<\/p>\n

Theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u00f3 tr\u1ed3ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f9n, \u0111\u1ea1m \u1edf trong b\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u0103ng xanh c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ed3ng b\u0103ng c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 54% so v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi sinh v\u1eadt trong b\u0103ng c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu g\u1ea5p 30 – 40 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi khu\u1ea9n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1m trung b\u00ecnh g\u1ea5p 20 \u0111\u1ebfn 25 l\u1ea7n b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.
\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 3. Vi khu\u1ea9n trong \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
TT<\/td>\nLo\u00b5i c\u00a9y h\u00e4 \u00a7\u00cbu<\/td>\nN\u00a8m tr\u00e5ng<\/td>\nPh\u00ad\u00acng th\u00f8c tr\u00e5ng<\/td>\nV\u00de tr\u00dd l\u00cay m\u00c9u<\/td>\nT\u00e6ng s\u00e8 TB VSV\/1g \u00ae\u00cat<\/td>\n\u00e5VK c\u00e8 \u00ae\u00denh N2\/1g \u00ae\u00cat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\n\u00a7\u00cbu tri\u00d2u<\/td>\n1997<\/td>\n\u00ab \u00ae\u00denh v\u00de<\/td>\nGi\u00f7a \u00ab<\/td>\n27,6.107<\/sup><\/td>\n25.103<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nKeo d\u00cbu<\/td>\n1997<\/td>\n\u00ab\u00ae\u00denh v\u00de<\/td>\nGi\u00f7a \u00ab<\/td>\n14,1.107<\/sup><\/td>\n21,5.103<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nC\u00e8t kh\u00dd<\/td>\n1997<\/td>\n\u00ab\u00ae\u00denh v\u00de<\/td>\nGi\u00f7a \u00ab<\/td>\n12,8.107<\/sup><\/td>\n20,5.103<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nDesmodium Rensonii<\/td>\n1997<\/td>\n\u00ab\u00ae\u00denh v\u00de<\/td>\nGi\u00f7a \u00ab<\/td>\n13,5.107<\/sup><\/td>\n23.1.103<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n\u00a7\u00e8i ch\u00f8ng<\/td>\nB\u00e1 ho\u00b8<\/td>\nC\u00e1, lau<\/td>\nGi\u00f7a \u00ab<\/td>\n0,38.107<\/sup><\/td>\n1,1.103<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\nTrong b\u00a8ng \u00a7T + CK<\/td>\n1997<\/td>\nTheo b\u00a8ng<\/td>\nM\u00c9u tr\u00e9n<\/td>\n16,5.107<\/sup><\/td>\n27.103<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u0103m 1998)<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 3:<\/em> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00f3n l\u00e1 c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00faa n\u01b0\u01a1ng (b\u1ea3ng 4).<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 4. N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00faa trong c\u00e1c \u00f4 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ( l\u00faa s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 600<\/sup> C)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00d4 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/td>\nTB s\u1ed1 kh\u00f3m\/ m2<\/sup><\/td>\nH\u1ea1t ch\u1eafc<\/td>\nH\u1ea1t l\u00e9p<\/td>\nN\u0103ng su\u1ea5t (t\u1ea5n\/ha)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tr\u00ean 1 kh\u00f3m<\/td>\ntr\u00ean<\/p>\n

1ha(kg)<\/td>\n

tr\u00ean 1 kh\u00f3m<\/td>\ntr\u00ean 1ha(kg)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u00f3n l\u00e1 c\u1ed1t kh\u00ed + N15<\/sup> 10%<\/td>\n16<\/td>\n5.84<\/td>\n934.4<\/td>\n1.90<\/td>\n304.0<\/td>\n1.23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u00f4ng b\u00f3n l\u00e1 c\u1ed1t kh\u00ed + N15<\/sup>10%<\/td>\n16<\/td>\n5.16<\/td>\n825.6<\/td>\n1.60<\/td>\n256.0<\/td>\n1.08<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00d4 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/td>\n16<\/td>\n3.82<\/td>\n611.2<\/td>\n1.63<\/td>\n260.8<\/td>\n0.87<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ngo\u00e0i th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u00f3n l\u00e1 c\u1ed1t kh\u00ed, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Desmodium cho th\u1ea5y:<\/p>\n

– N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00faa \u1edf \u00f4 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u00f3n l\u00e1 c\u1ed1t kh\u00ed cao h\u01a1n \u1edf Desmodium<\/p>\n

– N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t ch\u1eafc\/ l\u00e9p trong c\u00e1c \u00f4 b\u00f3n l\u00e1 c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec1u cao h\u01a1n \u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

– \u00d4 c\u00f3 b\u00f3n l\u00e1 c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu v\u00e0 N15<\/sup> dung tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ca, Mg t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Ri\u00eang P2<\/sub>O5<\/sub> v\u00e0 K2<\/sub>O d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do l\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 P, K m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n khi pH t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ca, Mg.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 4:<\/em>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 theo d\u00f5i cho th\u1ea5y sau 2 n\u0103m tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nhanh. N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00faa \u1edf c\u00e1c \u00f4 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa \u0111\u1ea1t 9,1 – 9,6 t\u1ea1\/ ha g\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u00f4 b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean 5 – 6 n\u0103m. Th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn t\u1eeb 2 – 3 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

III. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u1edf T\u00e2y B\u1eafc v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb <\/strong><\/p>\n

1. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong lu\u00e2n canh n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby \u1edf T\u00e2y B\u1eafc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0110\u1eadu tri\u1ec1u \u1ea5n \u0110\u1ed9 (Cajanus cajan<\/em>), Keo Desmodium resonii,<\/em> C\u1ed1t kh\u00ed (Tephrosia candida<\/em>).<\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn sau 3 n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00f9n, N, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t x\u00f3i m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5t. Th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ng\u1eafn 2- 3 n\u0103m so v\u1edbi b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ed3ng b\u0103ng c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ee9c tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng xen v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eafn b\u00f9n c\u00e1t t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1edd b\u1eadc thang. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ed1c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ed1c n\u00f3i chung.<\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft kinh nghi\u1ec7m canh t\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u1edf T\u00e2y B\u1eafc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o H’M\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Dao; qua k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
3 – 4n\u00a8m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
2-4 n\u00a8m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00e5ng c\u00a9y h\u00e4 \u00a7\u00cbu ph\u00f1 k\u00ddn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
Canh t\u00b8c<\/p>\n

3-4 n\u00a8m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00e5ng c\u00a9y h\u00e4 \u00a7\u00cbu ph\u00f1 k\u00ddn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00e5ng b\u00a8ng m\u00edi + canh t\u00b8c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00e5ng b\u00a8ng<\/p>\n

+ canh t\u00b8c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
Canh t\u00b8c 3n\u00a8m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

3. Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby c\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng cao quen s\u1ed1ng du canh du c\u01b0, c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau:<\/p>\n

– L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi ngo\u00e0i l\u1ee3i \u00edch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. Trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o gieo tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ed1ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u0110\u1eadu tri\u1ec1u \u1ea5n \u0110\u1ed9 do chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ng\u1eafn (2 – 3 n\u0103m) v\u00e0 cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc cao, v\u1edbi c\u00e2y 18 th\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu ho\u1ea1ch 4 – 5 t\u1ea5n l\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1i\/ ha, l\u00e1 l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n xanh ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9c \u0103n gia s\u00fac t\u1ed1t, th\u00e2n c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ee7i \u0111un, h\u1ea1t thu ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n ho\u1eb7c ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i (1 n\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu trung b\u00ecnh 40 – 60kg h\u1ea1t \/ 1 s\u00e0o B\u1eafc b\u1ed9).<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan khuy\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng, khuy\u1ebfn l\u00e2m mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (l\u00faa, ng\u00f4 …) s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh SALT 2 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong v\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

– C\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng cao trong canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h4>\n

1. \u0110\u1ed7 \u0110\u00ecnh S\u00e2m, 1996. T\u1ed5ng lu\u1eadn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p du canh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

2. B\u00f9i Quang To\u1ea3n,1990. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby \u1edf T\u00e2y B\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (Lu\u1eadn \u00e1n PTS).<\/p>\n

3. Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, 1996. N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ed1c, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. NXB N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

4. Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n T\u00fd, 1996. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u KN 03 – 13 (1992 – 1995).<\/p>\n

5. Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Tu\u00e2n, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n C\u1eed, H\u00e0 V\u0103n H\u1ed9i, 1996. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf S\u01a1n La – Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh – Lai Ch\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

Results of research on establishment of Slash-and-burn cultivation models in the direction of sustainable land use in the <\/strong>North West<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Summary: <\/em><\/strong>The North Westregion has the largest land area under slash-and-burn cultivation in the whole country. Irrational cultivation systems by the people from long ago has made most of the land under slash-and-burn cultivation degraded, gradually unproductive; crop productivity is low.<\/p>\n

This paper deals with the research on rational cultivation models in slash-and-burn cultivation land aimed at raising crop productivity, maintaining the productive ability of slash-and-burn cultivation land, promoting the rehabilitation of fallow land. Results of the research and model establishment are as follows:<\/p>\n

1.Traditional slash-and-burn cultivation models by the H\u2019mong in Sonla and Dao in Hoa Binh all have increased coefficient R due to short fallowing period, soil fertility is not yet recovered, insufficient stability of cultivation systems.<\/p>\n

2. Leguminous special the test plantings have confirmed their important role in shifting slash-and-burn cultivation in the North West especially Cajanus cajan, Desmodium resonii, Tephrosia candida.<\/p>\n

After 3 years being densely covered with leguminous species soil fertility is markedly improved with increased humus content, N and microbial activity; soil erosion is diminished. Fallowing period is 2 \u2013 3 years shortened as compared with natural fallowing land improves soil fertility, increases productivity of mixed planting crops.3. Together with the results of testing the author recommends an improved rotational cultivation model for the regions practising slash-and-burn cultivation in the North Westand gives some suggestions for the application of this model.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tây B\u1eafc là vùng có di\u1ec7n tích du canh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trên toàn qu\u1ed1c, v\u1edbi tính di\u1ec7n tích kho\u1ea3ng 91.581ha \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng làm n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby. Do t\u1eadp quán canh tác l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi dân \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nên n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cây tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ea5t canh tác b\u1ecb xói mòn và r\u1eeda trôi nhanh chóng. Di\u1ec7n tích \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecf hoá trong vùng nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111òi h\u1ecfi th\u1eddi gian dài m\u1edbi có th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9 phì \u0111\u1ec3 canh tác \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Có th\u1ec3 nói cách khác là ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby trong vùng Tây B\u1eafc mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p, tác \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn môi tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh thái và \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi dân trong vùng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8571"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8571"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8571\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19330,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8571\/revisions\/19330"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8571"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8571"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8571"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}