{"id":8570,"date":"2009-03-24T02:15:03","date_gmt":"2009-03-23T19:15:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2009\/03\/canh-tac-nuong-ray-va-van-de-tham-gia-quan-ly-bao-ve-rung-tu-nhien-cua-dong-bao-bahnar-o-huyen-kbang-tinh-gia-lai-1\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T10:25:33","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T03:25:33","slug":"canh-tac-nuong-ray-va-van-de-tham-gia-quan-ly-bao-ve-rung-tu-nhien-cua-dong-bao-bahnar-o-huyen-kbang-tinh-gia-lai-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/canh-tac-nuong-ray-va-van-de-tham-gia-quan-ly-bao-ve-rung-tu-nhien-cua-dong-bao-bahnar-o-huyen-kbang-tinh-gia-lai-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tham gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o Bahnar \u1edf huy\u1ec7n K\u2019bang, t\u1ec9nh Gia Lai (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Con<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trung t\u00e2m L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/p>\n

T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u r\u1eebng v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 che ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc (57%), nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea5t r\u1eebng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t r\u1eebng, trong \u0111\u00f3 hai nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn: R\u1eebng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00e0 xung quanh r\u1eebng; r\u1eebng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t do c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 g\u1ed7, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1976-1990 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 30,4 ngh\u00ecn ha, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1991-1995 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea5t r\u1eebng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 25,2 ngh\u00ecn ha (Vi\u1ec7n \u0110i\u1ec1u tra Qui ho\u1ea1ch r\u1eebng, 1996). Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n m\u1ea5t r\u1eebng do khai th\u00e1c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng, sai qui tr\u00ecnh, ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng… c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 th\u00ec m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o sinh k\u1ebf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cho h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Bahnar v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 13 v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean. H\u1ecd t\u1eadp trung \u1edf c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng Gia Lai v\u00e0 Kon Tum, trong \u0111\u00f3 huy\u1ec7n K\u2019Bang v\u1edbi 44% t\u1ed5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahnar. Ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb bao \u0111\u1eddi nay ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o Bahnar c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o Bahnar tham gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n canh t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c tham gia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng(?).<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng r\u1eebng?<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1eb1ng: C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng khi r\u1eebng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n cho h\u1ecd. V\u00ec v\u1eady, mu\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn 3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

* Duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o r\u1eebng;<\/p>\n

* C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eebng;<\/p>\n

* S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o Bahnar, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e2ng cao v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n cho h\u1ecd, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ecd t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

I. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/p>\n

Canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m v\u00e0 t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. Trong h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 5-10% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c canh t\u00e1c, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3m r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u01b0u canh (fallow).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]B\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n do ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Vi\u1ec7t Nam-H\u00e0 Lan (VNRP) t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 k\u00e9o theo nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c canh t\u00e1c l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u00edt hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y t\u1ecf ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 coi n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby du canh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi (Cox v\u00e0 Atkins, 1976), nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p (d\u01b0\u1edbi 50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/km2); trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby du canh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n th\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng (Odum, 1971; Bodley, 1976).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t thay th\u1ebf cho h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby du canh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (NLKH), c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (LNC\u0110) t\u1ecf ra c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t: (i) B\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o; (ii) C\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n huy\u1ec7n K\u2019Bang, t\u1ec9nh Gia Lai n\u01a1i m\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o Bahnar b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba; c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y: Vi\u1ec7c tham gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i. V\u1ec1 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m: d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 k\u00ecm h\u00e3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng; h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0103n, \u0111i l\u1ea1i trong r\u1eebng, cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eeda r\u1eebng, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1eeba b\u00e3i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb7t tr\u1ed9m g\u1ed7, s\u0103n b\u1eafn b\u1eeba b\u00e3i, khai th\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng…Do v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf t\u1ea1i r\u1eebng v\u00e0 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh r\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eeb r\u1eebng. M\u1eb7t tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i: \u0110\u1ec3 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tham gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m th\u1eddi gian; b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi hay kh\u00f4ng. V\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ch\u00fang ta, c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 th\u00fac b\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1nh t\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. Trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, c\u00e1c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i, t\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng. D\u00f9 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m (hay x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n) l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hay nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00edch nghi.<\/p>\n

II. C\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (NLKH), n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p du canh, l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (LNC\u0110) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a FAO.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (The Diagnosis and Design (D&D) methodology) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ICRAF v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, t\u1ed5ng lu\u1eadn \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh (Raintree, 1986; Miller, et al, 1989). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec3n; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 hai x\u00e3 S\u01a1n Lang v\u00e0 S\u01a1 Pay, huy\u1ec7n K\u2019Bang.<\/p>\n

III. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n

1. Hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/p>\n

* M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h1>\n

X\u00e3 S\u01a1n Lang v\u00e0 S\u01a1 Pay n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc huy\u1ec7n, tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean Kon H\u00e0 N\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh chia c\u1eaft ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea5p d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb B\u1eafc xu\u1ed1ng Nam v\u00e0 t\u1eeb T\u00e2y sang \u0110\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 3 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh: (i) \u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh n\u00fai trung b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 cao 800-1.100m, chia c\u1eaft m\u1ea1nh, d\u1ed1c; (ii) \u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh s\u01a1n nguy\u00ean v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 cao 750-900m; (iii) \u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3i th\u1ea5p \u1edf ph\u00eda nam v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng nh\u1ecf, \u00edt chia c\u1eaft h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a \u00f4n h\u00f2a: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 22-25oC, l\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m 2.500mm, chia l\u00e0m hai m\u00f9a r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh: (i) C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 m\u1eb9 granit v\u00e0 (ii) C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 m\u1eb9 bazan. N\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, m\u00e0u m\u1ee1.<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sinh h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa, r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a hai x\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n: (1) \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng n\u00fai, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh chia c\u1eaft ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p; (2) \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c l\u1edbn, nguy c\u01a1 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t cao; (3) H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i:(1) \u0110\u1ed9 che ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng c\u00f2n l\u1edbn v\u1edbi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa; (2) \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng-l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

* M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u00f3a – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Bahnar s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n huy\u1ec7n K\u2019Bang chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn 44,21% v\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f2n c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u di c\u01b0 t\u1eeb n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 sau ng\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay.<\/p>\n

M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 to\u00e0n t\u1ec9nh: 57,56 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/km2, c\u1ee7a huy\u1ec7n K\u2019Bang: 23,89 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/km2.<\/p>\n

X\u00e3 S\u01a1n Lang c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 l\u00e0 265 v\u00e0 1321 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahnar c\u00f3 206 h\u1ed9 v\u1edbi 1.117 kh\u1ea9u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh c\u00f3 55 h\u1ed9 v\u1edbi 183 kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 T\u00e0y c\u00f3 4 h\u1ed9 v\u1edbi 21 kh\u1ea9u. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trong x\u00e3 kho\u1ea3ng 4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/km2. X\u00e3 S\u01a1 Pay c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 669 h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 3.604 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahnar c\u00f3 101 h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 647 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh 486 h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 2.577 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0y 20 h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 90 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi N\u00f9ng 32 h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 155 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 30 h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 135 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

B\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kh\u1ea9u trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9 l\u00e0 6 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Namchi\u1ebfm 52,9% trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

+ Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng: T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf x\u00e3 S\u01a1n Lang l\u00e0 628 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfm 46,7%, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 2,4 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng\/ h\u1ed9. X\u00e3 S\u01a1 Pay c\u00f3 1.503 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfm 41,7%, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 2,2 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

+ H\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n: Trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 105 h\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u1edf 3 th\u00f4n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 S\u01a1n Lang c\u00f3 637 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 361 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111ang ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc qua l\u1edbp 1,2,3 tr\u1edf l\u00ean), chi\u1ebfm 56,67%.<\/p>\n

V\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Bahnar b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi li\u00ean quan kh\u0103ng kh\u00edt v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. G\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahnar l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 nghi, phong t\u1ee5c… mang n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng x\u00e3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n canh t\u00e1c l\u00faa tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n, \u1edf c\u1ea3nh quan r\u1eebng. Do s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd r\u1eebng v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i g\u1eafn b\u00f3 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi r\u1eebng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahnar hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u1eebng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec1n r\u1eebng, h\u00e0i h\u00f2a th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh quan m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u00f3a-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf v\u00f9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft:<\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i:(1) M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trong v\u00f9ng ch\u01b0a cao; (2) D\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t trung th\u1ef1c, c\u1ea7n c\u00f9, ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng cao; (3) Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n:(1) C\u00e1c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n do c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; (2) L\u00e0n s\u00f3ng di c\u01b0 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Trung v\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u00ean t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng trong v\u00f9ng; (3) \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng trong ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

* M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch\/th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u01b0u ti\u00ean r\u1ea5t cao. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh\/ d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0: \u0111\u1ecbnh canh, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh 327 v\u00e0 661… Ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta mong mu\u1ed1n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng du canh du c\u01b0 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0: (1) Thi\u1ebfu k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00ec h\u1ecd v\u1eabn \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c; (2) Thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3; (3) Thi\u1ebfu k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; (4) C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng, \u00edt c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n; (5) Thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng; v\u00e0 (6) C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u01b0a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t \u1edf c\u1ea5p vi m\u00f4 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch giao \u0111\u1ea5t, kho\u00e1n r\u1eebng, t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng…).<\/p>\n

* Hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eaby chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1 cao. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf v\u00f9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y b\u1ee9c tranh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n Bahnar \u1edf 3 th\u00f4n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 S\u01a1n Lang: B\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9 l\u00e0 13.344 m2, trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00faa r\u1eaby l\u00e0 6.386 m2, chi\u1ebfm 47,8%; l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc 123,8 m2, chi\u1ebfm 0,93%; r\u1eaby tr\u1ed3ng ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1eafn 1.268,6 m2, chi\u1ebfm 9,5%; r\u1eaby tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eadu c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i 432,4 m2, chi\u1ebfm 3,2%; di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea 5.138 m2, chi\u1ebfm 38,5%.<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 T\u00e0y v\u00e0 N\u00f9ng di c\u01b0 th\u00ec b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c l\u00e0 8.694 m2, trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00faa r\u1eaby 5.500 m2, chi\u1ebfm 63,2%; l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc 444,4 m2, chi\u1ebfm 5,1%; r\u1eaby tr\u1ed3ng ng\u00f4-s\u1eafn 194,4 m2, chi\u1ebfm 2,2%; r\u1eaby tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eadu xanh 2.167 m2, chi\u1ebfm 24,9% v\u00e0 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea 389 m2, chi\u1ebfm 4,47%. Chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00f4n \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi \u1edf bi\u1ec3u 2.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3u1. Hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00f9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (\u0111\u1ebfn 12\/1996) \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb: ha<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/td>\nHuy\u1ec7n Kbang<\/td>\nX\u00e3 S\u01a1n Lang<\/td>\nX\u00e3 S\u01a1 Pay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/td>\n189.096,00<\/td>\n35.800,00<\/td>\n13.130.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I.\u0110\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n11.182,57<\/td>\n821,70<\/td>\n1.056,86<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1. \u0110\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y h\u00e0ng n\u0103m<\/td>\n10.116,42<\/td>\n400,30<\/td>\n837,54<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a. \u0110\u1ea5t ru\u1ed9ng l\u00faa, m\u00e0u<\/td>\n479,40<\/td>\n7,50<\/td>\n74,90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
b. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby<\/td>\n7.371,20<\/td>\n285,00<\/td>\n754,47<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
c. \u0110\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y h\u00e0ng n\u0103m kh\u00e1c<\/td>\n2.265,82<\/td>\n107,80<\/td>\n8,17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2. \u0110\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn t\u1ea1p<\/td>\n637,40<\/td>\n213,40<\/td>\n114,12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3. \u0110\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y l\u00e2u n\u0103m<\/td>\n417,25<\/td>\n208,00<\/td>\n101,70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4. \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n<\/td>\n11,50<\/td>\n3,50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
II. \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n148.803,19<\/td>\n32.426,81<\/td>\n10.757,21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1. \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/td>\n147.712,82<\/td>\n32.227,81<\/td>\n10.349,41<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2. \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng<\/td>\n1.087,17<\/td>\n199,00<\/td>\n407,30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3. \u0110\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m<\/td>\n3,20<\/td>\n0,50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
III. \u0110\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng<\/td>\n2.823,15<\/td>\n2.103,89<\/td>\n86,60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IV. \u0110\u1ea5t \u1edf<\/td>\n616,55<\/td>\n16,70<\/td>\n20,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V. \u0110\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n25.670,54<\/td>\n430,90<\/td>\n1.209,33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(Ngu\u1ed3n: Ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh huy\u1ec7n)<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3u 2.Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau<\/td>\nTh\u00f4n 1-SL<\/td>\nTh\u00f4n 2-SL<\/td>\nTh\u00f4n 3-SL<\/td>\nTh\u00f4n 6-SP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L\u00faa r\u1eaby:<\/p>\n

– Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch<\/p>\n

– S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n

– N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t<\/td>\n

28,1 ha<\/p>\n

22.690 kg<\/p>\n

807,5 kg\/ha<\/td>\n

23,95 ha<\/p>\n

20.330 kg<\/p>\n

849,8 kg\/ha<\/td>\n

15 ha<\/p>\n

16.810 kg<\/p>\n

1.120,6 kg\/ha<\/td>\n

9,9 ha<\/p>\n

12.170 kg<\/p>\n

1,229,3kg\/ha<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

L\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/p>\n

– Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch<\/p>\n

– S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

– N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t<\/td>\n

0,7 ha<\/p>\n

1.500 kg<\/p>\n

2.142,8kg\/ha<\/td>\n

0,6 ha<\/p>\n

1.300 kg<\/p>\n

2.166,7 kg\/ha<\/td>\n

0,8 ha<\/p>\n

1.800 kg<\/p>\n

2.250kg \/ha<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Ng\u00f4<\/p>\n

– Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch<\/p>\n

– S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n

– N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t<\/td>\n

0,65 ha<\/p>\n

500 kg<\/p>\n

769,2 kg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

M\u00ec (s\u1eafn)<\/p>\n

– Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch<\/p>\n

– S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n

– N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t<\/td>\n

7,47 ha<\/p>\n

8.430 kg<\/p>\n

1.128,5kg\/ha<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u0110\u1eadu xanh<\/p>\n

– Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch<\/p>\n

– S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n

– N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t<\/td>\n

2,49 ha<\/p>\n

2.748 kg<\/p>\n

1.103,6 kg\/ha<\/td>\n

2,05 ha<\/p>\n

2.338 kg<\/p>\n

1.140,5<\/p>\n

kg\/ha<\/td>\n

3,9 ha<\/p>\n

4.180 kg<\/p>\n

1.071,8kg\/ha<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

C\u00e0 ph\u00ea<\/p>\n

– Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch<\/p>\n

– S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n

– N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t<\/td>\n

29,25 ha<\/p>\n

8.430 kg<\/p>\n

288,2 kg\/ha<\/td>\n

17,6 ha<\/td>\n7,1 ha<\/td>\n0,7 ha<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

* C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n thu v\u00e0 chi ti\u00eau trong h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n thu quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9 thu: 2.262.080 \u0111\u1ed3ng, (b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 377.000\u0111\u1ed3ng\/n\u0103m). Ngu\u1ed3n thu th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn kho\u00e1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng. B\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 6 ha r\u1eebng, v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 35.000 \u0111\/ha-n\u0103m. Thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0: 210.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/ng-n\u0103m. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n thu nh\u1eadp kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0u, ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 x\u00e3… ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt h\u1ed9, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n thu t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby \u0111\u1ec3 chia cho b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 150.000\/ng-n\u0103m. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ed5ng thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 737.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/n\u0103m (kho\u1ea3ng 57 US$), th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n t\u1ec9nh (214 US$).<\/p>\n

Chi ti\u00eau trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh: Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o Bahnar b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 240kg\/ng\u01b0\u1eddi-n\u0103m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 t\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i mua l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eaby). Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt h\u1ed9 b\u00e1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c. V\u1ec1 chi ti\u00eau ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9 chi kho\u1ea3ng 2 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/n\u0103m v\u1edbi c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u chi nh\u01b0 sau: (1) Chi cho \u0103n u\u1ed1ng: 59%; (2) Chi cho ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh: 7%; (3) Chi cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c:10%; (4) Chi kh\u00e1c: 24%.<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta xem x\u00e9t h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i du canh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (ph\u00e2n h\u1ec7) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng qua l\u1ea1i l\u1eabn nhau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

– H\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng; \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00e1c nhau: (1) Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh r\u1eebng, ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby; (2) M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m, s\u0103n b\u1eafn (c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp, b\u1ed5 sung l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m…).<\/p>\n

– R\u1eaby, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, thu nh\u1eadp cho n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng qua l\u1ea1igi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0och\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt canh t\u00e1c, v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt t\u01b0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o (nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt…).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ra l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m nh\u00e0, \u0111an, d\u1ec7t, thu\u1ed1c men…<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: \u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau:T\u1ef1 cung, t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng; ngu\u1ed3n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng chu chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ed1t). R\u1eaby ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong chu tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i r\u1eebng nh\u1edd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ecf h\u00f3a l\u00e2u (h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m).<\/p>\n

Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7:L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng theo t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng: bao g\u1ed3m r\u1eebng n\u00fai, s\u00f4ng su\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c, l\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n… \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh do m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0ng (ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t) tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7:C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (l\u00faa c\u1ea1n, ng\u00f4, m\u00ec, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea…), s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0ng x\u00e3…<\/p>\n

*Chuk\u1ef3 canh t\u00e1c<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o Bahnar \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e9p k\u00edn v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t n\u00f4ng l\u1ecbch kh\u00e1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. Chutr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 6 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n: Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t d\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1ed1t, ch\u1ecdc t\u1ec9a, l\u00e0m c\u1ecf v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, thu ho\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 h\u01b0u canh. M\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eam t\u00fac li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, th\u1eddi v\u1ee5, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t m\u00f9a.<\/p>\n

*L\u1ecbch th\u1eddi v\u1ee5<\/h3>\n

H\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ecb thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean chi ph\u1ed1i, n\u00ean y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1eddi<\/p>\n

v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf v\u00f9ng cao. Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a m\u01b0a. V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 x\u00ea d\u1ecbch t\u00f9y \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng l\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahnar v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c (do \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n c\u01b0 tr\u00fa kh\u00e1c nhau).<\/p>\n

*Chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t trong canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p trong b\u1ea3ng sau:<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3u 3. Chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb\/ ha)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\nN\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\nN\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai<\/td>\nN\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B qu\u00a9n<\/td>\nB \u00ae\u00e9ng<\/td>\nB qu\u00a9n<\/td>\nB \u00ae\u00e9ng<\/td>\nB qu\u00a9n<\/td>\nB \u00ae\u00e9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1. Ph\u00e1t, d\u1ecdn<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n+\/-20<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n+\/-5<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n+\/-5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2. \u0110\u1ed1t<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n+\/-2<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n+\/-1<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n+\/-1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3. Ch\u1ecdc t\u1ec9a, tr\u1ed3ng<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n+\/-15<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n+\/-15<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n+\/115<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n+\/-20<\/td>\n120<\/td>\n+\/-20<\/td>\n140<\/td>\n+\/-20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5. Thu ho\u1ea1ch<\/td>\n35<\/td>\n+\/-10<\/td>\n33<\/td>\n+\/-10<\/td>\n33<\/td>\n+\/-10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng (c\u00f4ng)<\/td>\n202<\/td>\n+\/-67<\/td>\n190<\/td>\n+\/-51<\/td>\n210<\/td>\n+\/-51<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t (t\u1ea5n\/ha)<\/td>\n1,5<\/td>\n+\/-0,5<\/td>\n1,2<\/td>\n+\/-0,4<\/td>\n0,8<\/td>\n+\/-0,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb em t\u1eeb 10 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby, t\u1ef7 ph\u1ea7n tham gia c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng 3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y c\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1eaby \u1edf v\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 7,4kg th\u00f3c; v\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 6,3kg th\u00f3c v\u00e0 v\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 ba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t 3,8kg th\u00f3c.<\/p>\n

*\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o Bahnar \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 cung t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb kinh t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng. Trong \u0111\u00f3, r\u1eaby l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i; c\u00f2n h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng th\u00ec cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m nh\u00e0, c\u1ee7i \u0111un, v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m, s\u0103n b\u1eaft… \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0o thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean n\u00ean m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cao.<\/p>\n

* \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o Bahnar l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a mang n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng x\u00e3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n canh t\u00e1c l\u00faa c\u1ea1n \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. G\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 th\u1ee9c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng do s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

+ H\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u01b0u, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:<\/p>\n

\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m:(i) L\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. (ii) \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. (iii) Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cao, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: (i)H\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh. (ii) \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00ec c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t trong h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby gi\u1ea3m r\u1ea5t nhanh, nguy c\u01a1 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. (iii) X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. (iv) H\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi xu th\u1ebf t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng:<\/h3>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m v\u1eeba qua, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng. M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh 327. C\u00e1c l\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf v\u00f9ng K\u2019Bang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1993. T\u1ea1i x\u00e3 S\u01a1 Pay, L\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1 Pay trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1993, 1994 \u0111\u00e3 giao kho\u00e1n cho 3 th\u00f4n Bahnar 3.861 ha r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (ch\u01b0a giao xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eadn h\u1ed9) v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ea3 cho th\u00f4n l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 50.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/ha. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1996 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u giao xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eebng h\u1ed9, n\u0103m 1997 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 170 h\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn kho\u00e1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 5.950 ha (b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 33 ha\/ h\u1ed9) v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 35.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/ha-n\u0103m. T\u1ea1i x\u00e3 S\u01a1n Lang, L\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1eddng H\u00e0 N\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 giao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 6.042 ha r\u1eebng cho c\u00e1c th\u00f4n 1A, 1B, 2 v\u00e0 3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Tuy v\u1eady, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t r\u1eebng l\u00e0m r\u1eaby. T\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n 327- c\u00e1c l\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 qui ho\u1ea1ch v\u00f9ng l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby cho \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sau n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m h\u1eb3n vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t r\u1eaby v\u00e0o r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f2n gi\u00e0u. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t r\u1eebng gi\u00e0u v\u1eabn x\u1eaby ra. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i x\u00e3 S\u01a1 Pay: n\u0103m 1993 v\u00e0 1994 c\u00f3 30 ha r\u1eebng t\u1ed1t b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t l\u00e0m r\u1eaby, n\u0103m 1995: 20 ha, n\u0103m 1996: 18 ha v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1997: 1 ha. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn L\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1eddng H\u00e0 N\u1eebng (x\u00e3 S\u01a1n Lang) t\u1eeb 1991-1992 c\u00f3 40 ha, 1993: 7,5 ha, 1994: 25 ha, 1995: 11 ha, 1996: 19 ha v\u00e0 1997 l\u00e0 23,5 ha r\u1eebng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1. Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a Chi c\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec3m l\u00e2m t\u1ec9nh Gia Lai cho th\u1ea5y di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 l\u00e0m r\u1eaby trong to\u00e0n t\u1ec9nh qua m\u1ea5y n\u0103m v\u1eeba qua nh\u01b0 sau: 1994: 790 ha, 1995: 402,6 ha, 1996: 1.649,5 ha v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9\/1997 l\u00e0 115,2 ha. C\u00f3 hai nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 (Bahnar) c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ee9 hai: S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nhanh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng do t\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng di d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng. D\u00e2n di c\u01b0 v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng nh\u1eb1m hai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eebng: (1) \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0103n sinh s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c. (2) \u0110\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c tr\u1ed9m g\u1ed7 qu\u00ed \u0111em b\u00e1n ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb hai nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o Bahnar ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng l\u00e0m r\u1eaby: (1) Do r\u1eaby c\u0169 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u0103ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t r\u1eaby m\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch ph\u00e1t v\u00e0o r\u1eebng g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u1ecf; (2) Do \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o di c\u01b0 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0o c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 mua r\u1eaby (b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb nh\u01b0: cho, \u0111\u1ed5i, thu\u00ea, m\u01b0\u1ee3n…), \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o Bahnar \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1n r\u1eaby c\u0169 v\u00e0 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o r\u1eebng l\u00e0m r\u1eaby m\u1edbi; ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh t\u1eeb B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00ean t\u1ea1m tr\u00fa mua r\u1eaby tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eadu xanh h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u1ee5 r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i r\u1eaby \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea; (3) Do phong tr\u00e0o tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu r\u1eebng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea.<\/p>\n

3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng<\/h1>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9 Bahnar \u1edf v\u00f9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0: (i) C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00f9ng quanh n\u0103m; (ii) C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: n\u01a1i \u1edf, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe; (iii) V\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng sung t\u00fac h\u01a1n; v\u00e0 (iv) \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng canh t\u00e1c n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u00fd, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf. C\u00e1c tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ra, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u1edf bi\u1ec3u 4 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u 5.<\/p>\n

4. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p<\/h2>\n

* Chi\u1ebfc l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chung cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, kinh t\u1ebf-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a huy\u1ec7n K\u2019Bang v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p hai x\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng l\u00e0 l\u00e2m n\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a huy\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng cho vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, m\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft kinh doanh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng; s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kinh t\u1ebf- x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u00f3 ba chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c sau \u0111\u00e2y: (1) S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nh\u01b0: t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u0103n b\u1eafn, nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng, thu h\u00e1i l\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1eebng, khai th\u00e1c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng…). Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy c\u01a1 r\u1eebng b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qui t\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c qui t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3. (2) S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c \u00e9p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng. T\u0103ng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u00e2y h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n thu nh\u1eadp nh\u1eb1m x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i, gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u cho h\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0ng, x\u00e3. (3) T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng ph\u1ee7 xanh \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng, tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u0111a m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 gia d\u1ee5ng, gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c \u00e9p v\u00e0o r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t theo c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c canh t\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u00edch l\u0169y, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3u 4. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1<\/td>\nHi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng<\/td>\nTr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i<\/td>\nNguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/td>\nTi\u1ec1m n\u0103ng can thi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S. l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\n\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u00b5i nguy\u00aan \u00ae\u00cat (v\u00dd d\u00f4 t&oti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tây Nguyên là m\u1ed9t vùng còn nhi\u1ec1u r\u1eebng và t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 che ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc (57%), nh\u01b0ng \u0111ây c\u0169ng là vùng có t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea5t r\u1eebng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. Có nhi\u1ec1u nguyên nhân d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t r\u1eebng, trong \u0111ó hai nguyên nhân chính th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nói \u0111\u1ebfn: R\u1eebng b\u1ecb phá \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c vì nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a hàng tri\u1ec7u dân nghèo s\u1ed1ng trong và xung quanh r\u1eebng; r\u1eebng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t do các nhu c\u1ea7u ngày càng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 g\u1ed7, nh\u1ea5t là g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i và các lâm s\u1ea3n khác.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8570"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8570"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8570\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19331,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8570\/revisions\/19331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8570"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8570"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}