{"id":8569,"date":"2009-03-24T02:14:42","date_gmt":"2009-03-23T19:14:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2009\/03\/canh-tac-nuong-ray-cua-mot-so-dan-toc-thieu-so-o-tay-nguyen-va-cac-chinh-sach-giai-phap-su-dung-hop-ly-dat-rung\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T10:25:45","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T03:25:45","slug":"canh-tac-nuong-ray-cua-mot-so-dan-toc-thieu-so-o-tay-nguyen-va-cac-chinh-sach-giai-phap-su-dung-hop-ly-dat-rung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/canh-tac-nuong-ray-cua-mot-so-dan-toc-thieu-so-o-tay-nguyen-va-cac-chinh-sach-giai-phap-su-dung-hop-ly-dat-rung\/","title":{"rendered":"Canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u1edf t\u00e2y nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00f5 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ea3i, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Con,<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m 4 t\u1ec9nh: Kon Tum, Gia Lai, \u0110\u1eafc L\u1eafc v\u00e0 L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 57.373 km2<\/sup> v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 4.058.512 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u0103m 1999). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 an ninh qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi n\u1eafng \u1ea5m, m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch che ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111ai T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0u m\u1ee1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u0129 \u0111\u1ea5t bazan th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng to l\u1edbn n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng qu\u00ed gi\u00e1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng l\u00e0m r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean do cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng du canh, du c\u01b0.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 30% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf d\u00e2n di c\u01b0 t\u1ef1 do t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda B\u1eafc. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ed1t r\u1eebng l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c canh t\u00e1c n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng cao, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1975 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh canh, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n. N\u1ea1n du canh, du c\u01b0 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n, r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u1eabn b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c International Foundation for Science (IFS), ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby\u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda b\u1ee9c tranh hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng, ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

I. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf 4 ki\u1ec3u c\u1ea3nh quan \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau: v\u00f9ng n\u00fai trung b\u00ecnh, v\u00f9ng n\u00fai th\u1ea5p, v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3i -thung l\u0169ng. M\u1ed7i ki\u1ec3u c\u1ea3nh quan \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 canh t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau: ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n, cho ph\u00e9p h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c bu\u00f4n l\u00e0ng d\u00e0y h\u01a1n hay th\u01b0a h\u01a1n v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh v\u00f9ng tr\u0169ng v\u00e0 cao nguy\u00ean – n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, giao th\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, canh t\u00e1c thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00f9ng tr\u0169ng Kon Tum, cao nguy\u00ean Pleiku v\u00e0 Bu\u00f4n Ma Thu\u1ed9t, t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u bu\u00f4n l\u00e0ng v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh n\u00fai, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng n\u00fai trung b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ed1c, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i xa x\u00f4i h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh, d\u00e2n c\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0a th\u1edbt h\u01a1n. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 bu\u00f4n l\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u1eafn v\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, c\u1ea3nh quan m\u00e0 c\u00f2n quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m cho \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean v\u00ec canh t\u00e1c ru\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01b0 d\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ja Rai, Bahnar,… s\u1ed1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, canh t\u00e1c l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t th\u00f4 s\u01a1 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng canh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c th\u00e2m canh nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh r\u1eaby v\u00e0 ru\u1ed9ng, kinh t\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1eddn ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh canh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung kinh t\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1eddn v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o trong kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi r\u1eebng v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf, n\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m r\u1eebng, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eebng r\u1eadm bao ph\u1ee7 \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh; ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean c\u00f2n duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf h\u00f3a d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m. V\u1ec1 sau, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sau ng\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam (1975), di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn do vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 khai th\u00e1c l\u1edbn, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 gia t\u0103ng,… \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hai khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c canh t\u00e1c:<\/p>\n

(1) Khu v\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u r\u1eebng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng cao, v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u, v\u00f9ng xa. Trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n th\u01b0a, n\u00ean v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c canh t\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh do ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc. R\u1eebng \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m, h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o ph\u00e1p l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u1eaby, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5m ph\u00e1t r\u1eaby \u1edf r\u1eebng gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eabn \u01b0a th\u00edch. Th\u1eddi gian canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf h\u00f3a ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb r\u00fat ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

(2) Khu v\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 hai g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 giao th\u00f4ng, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c r\u1eebng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t \u00edt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u00e0m r\u1eaby \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3ng c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i, tr\u1ea3ng c\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ed1t r\u1ed3i ch\u1ecdc t\u1ec9a m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i cu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ecdc t\u1ec9a. C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 quay v\u00f2ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t mau h\u01a1n, th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u0103m, th\u1ea3m c\u00e2y ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9 \u1edf d\u1ea1ng th\u1ea3m c\u1ecf, tr\u1ea3ng b\u1ee5i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ec1 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng l\u00e0m r\u1eaby, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 khai th\u00e1c r\u1eebng sai quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng, vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ea5t r\u1eebng \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nan gi\u1ea3i m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang quan t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

II. n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1. N\u1ed9i dung<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u tra, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u tra, kh\u1ea3o s\u00b8t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
Thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
Ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

– Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u:Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec1u tra. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn 5 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh sau \u0111\u00e2y (xem bi\u1ec3u 2):
\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3u 2. C\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec1u tra canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
TT<\/td>\nD\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra<\/td>\n\u00a7\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec1u tra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nD\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Ja Rai<\/td>\nX\u00e3 \u1ee4a M\u2019n\u00f4ng, huy\u1ec7n Ch\u01b0 P\u1ea3h, t\u1ec9nh Gia Lai<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nD\u00e2n t\u1ed9c X\u00ea \u00a7\u0103ng<\/td>\nX\u00e3 R\u1edd K\u01a1i, huy\u1ec7n Sa Th\u1ea7y, t\u1ec9nh Kon Tum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nD\u00e2n t\u1ed9c M\u2019N\u00f4ng<\/td>\nX\u00e3 \u00a7\u1eafc Nu\u00ea, huy\u1ec7n L\u1eafc, t\u1ec9nh \u00a7\u1eafc L\u1eafc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nD\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Gi\u1ebb Tri\u00eang<\/td>\nX\u00e3 \u00a7\u1eafc M\u00f4n, huy\u1ec7n \u00a7\u1eafc L\u00e2y, t\u1ec9nh Kon Tum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\nD\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Chu Ru<\/td>\nX\u00e3 Ka \u00a7\u00f4, huy\u1ec7n \u00a7\u01a1n D\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ec9nh L\u00e2m \u00a7\u1ed3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nhanh n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n (PRA).<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e1c h\u1ed9. Tu\u1ef3 theo t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra m\u00e0 s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb 20-40% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3.<\/p>\n

III. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

* \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/em><\/p>\n

+V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd: T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean n\u1eb1m trong to\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd t\u1eeb 11o<\/sup>13\u2019 – 15o<\/sup>15\u2019 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 B\u1eafc; v\u00e0 t\u1eeb 107o<\/sup>02\u2019 – 109o<\/sup>05\u2019 kinh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00eda B\u1eafc gi\u00e1p t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Nam; ph\u00eda T\u00e2y gi\u00e1p L\u00e0o, C\u0103m Pu Chia v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng; ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng gi\u00e1p c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i mi\u1ec1n Trung t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u00eda Nam gi\u00e1p t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai.<\/p>\n

+ \u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh: \u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh T\u00e2y nguy\u00ean b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c l\u1edbn, ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh n\u00fai chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 40% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cao nguy\u00ean r\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ed1c tho\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

+ Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu thu\u1ef7 v\u0103n: N\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

(1)N\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, t\u1ed5ng t\u00edch \u00f4n v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o;<\/p>\n

(2)L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u theo kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian:<\/p>\n

n\u01a1i m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1eeb 2.500-3.000 mm\/ n\u0103m, n\u01a1i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 1.200-1.400 mm\/ n\u0103m; 90% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a c\u1ea3 n\u0103m t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u00f9a m\u01b0a t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10; m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 11 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m sau;<\/p>\n

(3)C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu thu\u1ef7 v\u0103n c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1 theo m\u00f9a r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4 n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n

+ Th\u1ed5 nh\u01b0\u1ee1ng: T\u00e2y nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 nh\u01b0 m\u00e1cma acid, m\u00e1cma ki\u1ec1m v\u00e0 trung t\u00ednh, s\u00e9t bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t, c\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e1 x\u1ed1p,… Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

(1)\u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e1cma acid, chi\u1ebfm 36%;<\/p>\n

(2)\u0110\u1ea5t n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf, n\u00e2u v\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 bazan v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 trung t\u00ednh, chi\u1ebfm 32%;<\/p>\n

(3)\u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t, chi\u1ebfm 14%;<\/p>\n

(4)\u0110\u1ea5t x\u00e1m b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 granit, ph\u00f9 sa c\u1ed5;<\/p>\n

(5)Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 sa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111en ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 Tuff.<\/p>\n

*<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em><\/p>\n

+ D\u00e2n s\u1ed1, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c: D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean n\u0103m 1999 c\u00f3 4.058,5 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m l\u00e0 2,7%. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 do t\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc do c\u00e1c l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng di d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 do t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u00e0 Duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i mi\u1ec1n Trung \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m \u0103n sinh s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 trong v\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ecb x\u00e3, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ven c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng 40% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u01b0 tr\u00fa theo m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111an xen nhau. Kho\u1ea3ng 70% c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng cao, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u r\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 X\u00ea \u0110\u0103ng, Gi\u1ebb tri\u00eang, M’N\u00f4ng, R\u01a1 M\u00e2n,…; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 Ja Rai, \u00ca \u0110\u00ea, Bahnar s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bu\u00f4n l\u00e0ng kh\u00e1 t\u1eadp trung. Nh\u00ecn chung, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t; tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n tr\u00ed, kinh t\u1ebf-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u; phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00e2m l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i,… r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

+ T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh di d\u00e2n: Di d\u00e2n \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, song \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh di d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 do \u0111ang c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng gia t\u0103ng t\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, h\u1ed3 ti\u00eau,… \u1edf \u0110\u1eafc L\u1eafc v\u00e0 L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua.<\/p>\n

+ T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a U\u1ef7 ban D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai th\u00ec T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 100 x\u00e3, 700 bu\u00f4n l\u00e0ng \u1edf 42 huy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 40.000 h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 250.000 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 5-7% s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 kh\u00e1, c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb 60-70 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng\/ th\u00e1ng; s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi 30-40 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng\/th\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb 15-20%; s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb 15-25 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng\/th\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfm 55%; s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi 15 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng\/th\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfm 20-25%. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u00f9 ch\u1eef 40- 50% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

+ T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1eebng:S\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc v\u1edbi th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 khu h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, phong ph\u00fa. T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: t\u1eeb Malaysia – Indonesia \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd D\u1ea7u; t\u1eeb \u1ea5n \u0110\u1ed9 – Myanma v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd B\u00e0ng, h\u1ecd T\u1eed vi; t\u1eeb Hymalaya – V\u00e2n Nam – Q\u00f9i Ch\u00e2u ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng; v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00eda B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i re, gi\u1ebb,… \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean phong ph\u00fa nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 4.500 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c 1200 chi c\u1ee7a 224 h\u1ecd; ri\u00eang c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 700 lo\u00e0i, thu\u1ed9c 90 h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a hai ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ea1t tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t k\u00edn.<\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung v\u1ec1 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean<\/em><\/h3>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u01b0 tr\u00fa tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t n\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m r\u1eaby. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh) c\u0169ng tham gia canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby. M\u1ed7i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ri\u00eang trong canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, kinh nghi\u1ec7m, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ta v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t chung c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

+ H\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t d\u1ecdn, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u1ee5, r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang ph\u00e1t m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh r\u1eebng kh\u00e1c;<\/p>\n

+ M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 canh t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t m\u00f9a r\u1eaby t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u00f9a m\u01b0a c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng. Chu tr\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t n\u00f4ng l\u1ecbch r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd: c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby l\u00e0: (i) Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m (v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng gi\u00e0, \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, \u00edt c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i, d\u00e2y leo; (ii) Ph\u00e1t, d\u1ecdn; (iii) \u0110\u1ed1t; (iv) Ch\u1ecdc t\u1ec9a; (v) Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, l\u00e0m c\u1ecf; (vi) Thu ho\u1ea1ch; (vii) B\u1ecf h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

+ Tuy c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng t\u00f9y v\u00e0o t\u1eebng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 c\u00fang th\u1ea7n linh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

+ H\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng (b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n…), do v\u1eady n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu sau: (i) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 cung, t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb kinh t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng. R\u1eaby l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i; c\u00f2n h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng th\u00ec cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m nh\u00e0, c\u1ee7i \u0111un v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u1eefng l\u00fac gi\u00e1p h\u1ea1t. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng. Do ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 cung t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111a canh, \u0111a r\u1eaby<\/em><\/strong>. (ii) V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a: \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/em><\/strong> r\u1ea5t cao th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0: v\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng, tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap l\u1eabn nhau. \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 t\u00ednh di chuy\u1ec3n<\/em><\/strong> trong canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 th\u1ee9c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/em><\/strong> g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong chu tr\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c. Sinh ho\u1ea1t nghi l\u1ec5 trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 do s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t mang t\u00ednh phong t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e0 l\u00e0ng, tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y mo, th\u1ea7y c\u00fang l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean ta th\u1ea5y:<\/p>\n

+ V\u1ec1 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m: H\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng linh ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cao, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai. H\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u n\u00ean r\u1ea5t s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

+ V\u1ec1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: H\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f2n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec1u, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng cao (d\u01b0\u1edbi 50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/km2<\/sup>) v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c \u00e9p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn; ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean n\u00ean n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a n\u00ean canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u00f3a – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

-Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u00f3a – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em>: c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i k\u00e9o theo c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o trong v\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

-Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/em>: vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf mang c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh doanh r\u1eebng, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c \u00e9p kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

-Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf: <\/em>h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u1edf v\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i r\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o ph\u00e1p l\u00fd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba x\u00e9t tr\u00ean g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean: c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy, h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, thi\u1ebfu b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

Do nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y n\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian canh t\u00e1c d\u00e0i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf ho\u00e1 \u0111ang c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecb r\u00fat ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf ho\u00e1<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

+ N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i th\u1ea5p<\/em>do: (i) Canh t\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ed1c, x\u00f3i m\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m nhanh; (ii) Thi\u1ebfu k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u01b0: t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, l\u00e0m c\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu lao \u0111\u1ed9ng,…; (iii) S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

+ T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u00e2y h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea5p<\/em>do: (i) Thi\u1ebfu v\u1ed1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t; (ii) Thi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn; (iii) Thi\u1ebfu k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 (iv) Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

+ Ngu\u1ed3n thu nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb ngh\u1ec1 r\u1eebng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3<\/em>do: (i) Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf giao \u0111\u1ea5t, giao r\u1eebng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh t\u1ebf cho n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9; (ii) Ch\u01b0a t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e2ng cao \u00fd th\u1ee9c quan t\u00e2m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby du canh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

3. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean<\/em> <\/strong><\/h2>\n

* Canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Ja Rai<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Ja Rai thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Nam \u0110\u1ea3o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u01b0 tr\u00fa tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn t\u1eeb Kon Tum qua Gia Lai, \u0110\u1eafc L\u1eafc v\u00e0 tr\u00e0n sang c\u1ea3 T\u00e2y B\u1eafc t\u1ec9nh Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a v\u00e0 Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u1edf hai t\u1ec9nh B\u1eafc T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean (chi\u1ebfm 3\/4 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1). Theo ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u0103m 1997 c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh Gia Lai th\u00ec \u1edf Gia Lai c\u00f3 305.569 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ja Rai chi\u1ebfm 34,26 % d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 to\u00e0n t\u1ec9nh (\u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 hai sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n canh t\u00e1c: Kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o Ja Rai ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby v\u00e0 thu h\u00e1i l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n (ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1edbi canh t\u00e1c l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc). Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ed1t, ch\u1ecdc, t\u1ec9a. C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 l\u00faa, b\u1eafp, \u0111\u1eadu xanh, m\u00ec (s\u1eafn). C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 dao ph\u00e1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ja rai thu ho\u1ea1ch l\u00faa b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng c\u1eadt n\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft b\u00f4ng l\u00faa cho v\u00e0o g\u00f9i r\u1ed3i c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef trong kho l\u00e0m ngay tr\u00ean r\u1eaby, ch\u1ec9 mang v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0103n. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tu\u1ed1t l\u00faa \u1edf m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t thi\u00eang (m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tra l\u00faa c\u00fang) \u0111em v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 c\u00fang c\u01a1m m\u1edbi r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thu ho\u1ea1ch to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n cho l\u00faa r\u1eaby. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o Ja Rai quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eebng n\u00fai, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, s\u00f4ng su\u1ed1i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a chung x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1ed9t bu\u00f4n l\u00e0ng th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong l\u00e0ng ai c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c khai ph\u00e1 bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u00e3 khai ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf h\u00f3a). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i bu\u00f4n thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn xin l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng: n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby, h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m v\u00e0 s\u0103n b\u1eaft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ja Rai c\u00f3 hai ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00f4ng nh\u00e0n l\u00e0 d\u1ec7t (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1eef) v\u00e0 \u0111an l\u00e1t (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nam), nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1eb7c v\u00e0 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby: <\/em>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n thu nh\u1eadp ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ja Rai. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ja Rai l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby. M\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n sau:<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Ph\u00e1t, h\u1ea1 c\u00e2y<\/p>\n

\u00b7 \u0110\u1ed1t v\u00e0 d\u1ecdn r\u1eaby<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Ch\u1ecdc t\u1ec9a, tra h\u1ea1t<\/p>\n

\u00b7 L\u00e0m c\u1ecf, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Thu ho\u1ea1ch<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1t h\u1ea1 c\u00e2y (th\u00e1ng 1 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 2 d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch), th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m c\u1ecf, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c (th\u00e1ng 5, 6 v\u00e0 7 d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch) v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian thu ho\u1ea1ch (th\u00e1ng 9 v\u00e0 10 d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch).<\/p>\n

Theo \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng M\u01a1ng s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby nh\u01b0 sau (t\u00ednh cho 1ha): Ph\u00e1t h\u1ea1 c\u00e2y: 30-40 c\u00f4ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u tham gia l\u00e0m; \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0 d\u1ecdn: 2-5 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nam gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m; gieo t\u1ec9a: 20-28 c\u00f4ng, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi anh em trong l\u00e0ng (m\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y); l\u00e0m c\u1ecf, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c: 35-45 c\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1eadp trung; thu ho\u1ea1ch: 25-30 c\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1t n\u01b0\u01a1ng, gieo t\u1ec9a, l\u00e0m c\u1ecf v\u00e0 thu ho\u1ea1ch th\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng trong x\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng thu\u00ea th\u00eam lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u00e0m thu\u00ea, ch\u1ec9 \u0111i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng cho nhau \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u1ee5. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng cao.<\/p>\n

Ba th\u00e1ng n\u00f4ng nh\u00e0n l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 11, 12 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 1. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i, th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng \u1edf xa v\u00e0 v\u00e0o r\u1eebng thu h\u00e1i l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c s\u0103n b\u1eafn. Tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ec7t th\u1ed5 c\u1ea9m, \u0111an l\u00e1t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng n\u00e0y thi\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

D\u1ea1ng r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o Ja Rai \u1edf Ia M’n\u00f4ng l\u00e0m r\u1eaby l\u00e0 r\u1eebng th\u1ee9 sinh sau n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby; th\u1eddi gian canh t\u00e1c 1 \u0111\u1ebfn hai v\u1ee5, th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf h\u00f3a 5-6 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

* Canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c X\u00ea \u0110\u0103ng<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c X\u00ea \u0110\u0103ng thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4n -Kh\u01a1 me c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 9,6 v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ecba b\u00e0n c\u01b0 tr\u00fa ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh Kon Tum v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 huy\u1ec7n mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c X\u00ea \u0110\u0103ng chia l\u00e0m c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 sau: X\u01a1 teng, Ca dong, T\u01a1 dr\u0103ng, Ha l\u0103ng, M\u01a1 M\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

+ \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong x\u00e3 R\u1edd K\u01a1i thu\u1ed9c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c X\u00ea \u0110\u0103ng, nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ha L\u0103ng, s\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp trung, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau n\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00f4n c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Ha L\u0103ng r\u1ea5t g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi r\u1eebng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd mang t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 cung t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb r\u1eebng. Theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb r\u1eebng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n thu h\u00e1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, t\u1eeb th\u00e2n, l\u00e1, r\u1ec5, v\u1ecf c\u00e2y, th\u00fa r\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u1ea5t (57 \u0111i\u1ec3m), k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n (55 \u0111i\u1ec3m), \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 (41 \u0111i\u1ec3m), \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh (39 \u0111i\u1ec3m), cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t (18 \u0111i\u1ec3m).<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i, m\u00e2y r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n cho s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u1ea5t (27 \u0111i\u1ec3m) do c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 g\u1ed7, tre, m\u1eadt ong, th\u00fa r\u1eebng, c\u00e1 su\u1ed1i, m\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u00e1 r\u1eebng. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tranh, n\u1ea5m, rau r\u1eebng, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y r\u1eebng, chai c\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ecf v\u00e0 r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y. N\u00f3i chung lo\u1ea1i l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n n\u00e0o c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u00e1i nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi gian khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u00e0, l\u00e0m ch\u00f2i, l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7, tranh, tre th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n h\u1ecd m\u1edbi \u0111i l\u1ea5y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y theo m\u00f9a nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt ong, n\u1ea5m, m\u0103ng, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 quanh n\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n, b\u00e1n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n r\u1ea3nh r\u1ed7i, thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c khi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ha L\u0103ng \u1edf x\u00e3 R\u1edd K\u01a1i, Kon Tum canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c: ph\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ed1t, ch\u1ecdc l\u1ed7, b\u1ecf h\u1ea1t tr\u1ed3ng chay. \u0110\u1ecba b\u00e0n canh t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Khu B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean Ch\u01b0 Mo Ray. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ha L\u0103ng, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu ai khai ph\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111ang canh t\u00e1c m\u00e0 b\u1ecf \u0111i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u1eefa th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn canh t\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. Hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n x\u00e3, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0, thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u00e0m. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eaby, do kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111i l\u00e0m r\u1eaby r\u1ea5t xa, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean 10 km. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111em g\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eaby n\u1ea5u \u0103n, t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a th\u1eddi gian \u0111i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, tr\u1ebb em th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 gi\u00fap cha m\u1eb9 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, n\u1ebfu r\u1eaby \u1edf xa th\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i l\u1edbn cho h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng chu k\u1ef3 canh t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c X\u00ea \u0110\u0103ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00b8t, \u00ae\u00e8t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e1 ho\u00b8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00e5ng s\u00ben<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00e5ng l\u00f3a, ng\u00ab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

8-9 n\u0103m<\/p>\n

1-2 n\u0103m 3-4 n\u0103m<\/p>\n

* Canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c M’n\u00f4ng<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c M’n\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4n Kh\u01a1 me v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 6,7 v\u1ea1n d\u00e2n g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sau: Gar, Pr\u0103ng, Preh, Biat, Bu-d\u00e2ng, Chil, Si-t\u00f4, Nong, Kuy\u00eanh… ; c\u01b0 tr\u00fa ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Nam t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1eafc L\u1eafc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u1edf B\u1eafc B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y B\u1eafc L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n

+ \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby:<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M’n\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00f3 hai d\u1ea1ng canh t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh: canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby v\u00e0 canh t\u00e1c ru\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i g\u1ea7n khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0, ti\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc; trong khi r\u1eaby th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u1edf ven \u0111\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ed1c v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ec gi\u1ea3m nhanh. Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u00edt d\u1ed1c, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh r\u1eaby c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (\u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0 th\u1ed5), nh\u01b0ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eaby \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tuy v\u1eady, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eaby kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean r\u1eebng, r\u1ea5t xa n\u01a1i \u1edf. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu (hay chi\u1ebfm d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M’N\u00f4ng l\u00e0: tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby n\u1eb1m trong l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a bu\u00f4n l\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn nh\u01b0ng do nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1954 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c bu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ed5 \u1edf. Hi\u1ec7n nay, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng c\u0169, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd (\u1edf bu\u00f4n c\u0169) \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e1c. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng xa n\u01a1i \u1edf, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed sang c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e3 kh\u00e1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1954, th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a r\u1eaby th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean 40 n\u0103m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e0y nay, th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n t\u1eeb 2-3 n\u0103m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea3ng c\u1ecf, tr\u1ea3ng c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t r\u1eaby r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (kho\u1ea3ng 1,2 t\u1ea5n\/ha). S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby m\u1ed9t lu\u00e2n k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c M\u2019N\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00b8t, \u00ae\u00e8t r\u00f5ng \u00ae\u00d3 t\u00b9o r\u00c9y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
L\u00f3a, ng\u00ab, \u00ae\u00cbu xanh tr\u00e5ng xen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e1 ho\u00b8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2-3 n\u0103m<\/p>\n

3-4 n\u0103m<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

* \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 canh t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Gi\u1ebb Tri\u00eang<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Gi\u1ebb Tri\u00eang thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4n Kh\u01a1 me c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 2,7 v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1eafc L\u00e2y t\u1ec9nh Kon Tum v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai ph\u00eda T\u00e2y t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Nam; c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0: Ve, T\u01a1 ri\u00eang, Bnoong, Gi\u1ebb , Tri\u00eang. \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u1edf x\u00e3 \u0110\u1eafc M\u00f4n, huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1eafc L\u00e2y. N\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh n\u00fai cao trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh thung l\u0169ng s\u00f4ng P\u00f4k\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng \u0110akmi xen k\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh chia c\u1eaft b\u1edfi c\u00e1c su\u1ed1i \u0110ak Long, \u0110ak Wek, \u0110ak Se. \u0110\u1ed9 cao trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 1.400-2000m, th\u1ea5p d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb B\u1eafc xu\u1ed1ng Nam. Cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh Ng\u1ecdc Linh (2.598m). T\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 l\u00e0 6.810 ha, trong \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 724 ha, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eaby 412 ha (chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n 57% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p), ru\u1ed9ng 132 ha, c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y 180 ha. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 l\u00e0 3341 kh\u1ea9u s\u1ed1ng trong 590 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, tr\u00ean 95% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Gi\u1ebb Tri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

R\u1eaby c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gi\u1ebb Tri\u00eang \u1edf x\u00e3 \u0110\u1eafc M\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tr\u00ean d\u1ea1ng r\u1eebng g\u1ed7 th\u1ee9 sinh ngh\u00e8o ki\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng cao, thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3i l\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng. C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u00ean r\u1eaby l\u00e0 l\u00faa n\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1eafn. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1eaby t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e2u, tr\u00ean 3 v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa, sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 s\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecf h\u00f3a. Th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf h\u00f3a ch\u1eebng 2-3 n\u0103m. Lu\u00e2n k\u1ef3 canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Gi\u1ebb Tri\u00eang nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

2-3 n\u0103m<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Canh t\u00b8c r\u00c9y giai \u00aeo\u00b9n \u00ae\u00c7u: Tr\u00e5ng l\u00f3a ng\u00ab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e1 ho\u00b8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
3 v\u00f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
2-3 v\u00f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00b8t, \u00ae\u00e8t r\u00f5ng g\u00e7 th\u00f8 sinh ngh\u00cco ki\u00d6t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
Canh t\u00b8c r\u00c9y giai \u00aeo\u00b9n sau: Tr\u00e5ng s\u00ben<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

* Canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c <\/em>Chu<\/em>ru<\/em><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu Ru thu\u1ed9c ng\u1eef h\u1ec7 Nam \u0110\u1ea3o (Malayo-Polinesien) theo m\u1eabu h\u1ec7, c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 10.402 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u01b0 tr\u00fa tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n t\u1ec9nh L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng trung tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1ng 1 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1 tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1ng 2, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t r\u1eebng l\u00e0m r\u1eaby. Theo c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf x\u00e3 Ka \u0110\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng gi\u00e0 (r\u1eebng Rlau), c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5, tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c t\u1eeb 30-400<\/sup> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1t l\u00e0m r\u1eaby. L\u00fd do ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng non, \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u1ecf. Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t r\u1eaby, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef d\u00f9ng x\u00e0 g\u1ea1c ph\u00e1t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 d\u00e2y leo, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0i l\u00e1t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00e2n c\u00e2y. Sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng r\u00ecu \u0111\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n c\u00e2y l\u1edbn l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c, nh\u1eb1m h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y l\u1edbn ng\u1ea3 theo chi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb tr\u00ean d\u1ed1c xu\u1ed1ng, cu\u1ed1n theo c\u00e1c c\u00e2y nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 d\u00e2y leo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eb7t n\u1eeda. Sau khi ch\u1eb7t, ph\u00e1t kho\u1ea3ng 1 th\u00e1ng, t\u1ee9c v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 3 h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng t\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdc l\u1ed7, t\u1ec9a h\u1ea1t. Kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p, th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf h\u00f3a d\u00e0i tr\u00ean 10 n\u0103m, h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng; nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c lu\u00e2n canh k\u00e9p k\u00edn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
R\u1eebngnhi\u1ec1u<\/td>\nD\u00e2n \u00edt<\/td>\nLu\u1eadt t\u1ee5c<\/td>\nR\u1eebng \u00edt<\/td>\nD\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4ng<\/td>\nLu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
R\u00c9y ti\u00d5n tri\u00d3n<\/p>\n

(du canh, du c\u00ad)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
R\u00c9y truy\u00d2n th\u00e8ng<\/p>\n

(c\u00e6 truy\u00d2n)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
R\u00c9y quay v\u00dfng d\u00b5i (du canh \u00ae\u00denh c\u00ad)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

4. Nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean<\/em><\/h5>\n

* Nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua<\/em><\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u1eb1m \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai, x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111ang g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u1edf v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u, v\u00f9ng xa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u00edt nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec3m qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00e9t ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

+ Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai: Kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai theo phong t\u1ee5c, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch giao \u0111\u1ea5t, giao r\u1eebng theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 01 v\u00e0 02 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c thu h\u00fat ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ed1n r\u1eebng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00ean t\u1edbi nay \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t (QSD\u0110) ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

+ Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o ph\u00e1p l\u00fd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t n\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m r\u1eaby m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n canh t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

+ Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh canh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 (\u0110C\u0110C) v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng: \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u1ea1m,… \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i \u1edf, khai hoang \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i, quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby,… nh\u1eb1m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n canh t\u00e1c, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf du canh.<\/p>\n

+ C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, khuy\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng, khuy\u1ebfn l\u00e2m, x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng nh\u01b0 327, 661,… c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch\/th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quy ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 giao \u0111\u1ea5t giao r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9. Khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 trong lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai 1993 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u1edbi lu\u1eadt (nh\u01b0 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 01, 02, 64\/CP,…). Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00f9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, vi\u1ec7c giao \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

(1) C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ang du canh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ang b\u1ecf h\u00f3a? V\u00e0 ch\u00fang thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p hay n\u00f4ng nghi\u00eap? Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ang b\u1ecf h\u00f3a trong chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p du canh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v&agrave<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tây Nguyên bao g\u1ed3m 4 t\u1ec9nh: Kon Tum, Gia Lai, \u0110\u1eafc L\u1eafc và Lâm \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n tích 57.373 km2 và dân s\u1ed1 4.058.512 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u0103m 1999). \u0110ây là vùng \u0111\u1ea5t có v\u1ecb trí \u0111\u1ecba lý chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, chính tr\u1ecb và an ninh qu\u1ed1c phòng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tây Nguyên có \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhiên thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u1edbi khí h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi n\u1eafng \u1ea5m, m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u, di\u1ec7n tích che ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng còn r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn và ngu\u1ed3n tài nguyên sinh h\u1ecdc khá \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111ai Tây Nguyên r\u1ea5t phong phú và còn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i màu m\u1ee1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t là qu\u0129 \u0111\u1ea5t bazan th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho phát tri\u1ec3n nông lâm nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8569"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8569"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8569\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19332,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8569\/revisions\/19332"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8569"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8569"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}