{"id":8553,"date":"2009-03-24T02:09:52","date_gmt":"2009-03-23T19:09:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2009\/03\/ky-thuat-trong-po-mu-tai-sapa-lao-cai\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T10:29:08","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T03:29:08","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-po-mu-tai-sapa-lao-cai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ky-thuat-trong-po-mu-tai-sapa-lao-cai\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng P\u01a1 mu t\u1ea1i Sapa – L\u00e0o Cai"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e2n V\u0103n C\u1ea3nh, Phan V\u0103n Th\u1eafng<\/p>\n

Trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n<\/em><\/p>\n

I. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung<\/p>\n

C\u00e2y p\u01a1mu c\u00f3 t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc Fokienia hodginssi (<\/em>Dunn)<\/em> thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e0n (Cupressaceace). <\/em>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed7 sam, \u0111\u1ed7 th\u1ee5, b\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn (Trung Qu\u1ed1c), th\u00f4ng d\u1ea7u, th\u00f4ng h\u00f4i, m\u1ea1y long lanh, m\u1ea1y v\u00e1c..<\/p>\n

G\u1ed7 p\u01a1mu b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb9p, th\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng d\u1ec5 c\u01b0a x\u1ebb, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u1ecbn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7, \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc t\u1ea1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng; r\u1ec5 c\u00e0nh, ng\u1ecdn, m\u00f9n c\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t tinh d\u1ea7u l\u00e0m h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u. G\u1ed7 p\u01a1mu ch\u00f4n s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e2m d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0i n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ed1i m\u1ecdt.<\/p>\n

* \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

P\u01a1 mu l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh, th\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng t\u00e1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea1nh \u1edf g\u1ed1c, chi\u1ec1u cao 25-30m. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 1-2 m. P\u01a1 mu c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m, sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 \u1edf tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb r\u1ed7ng ru\u1ed9t. P\u01a1 mu l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc n\u00f4ng, r\u1ec5 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, r\u1ec5 nh\u00e1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u1ecf c\u00e2y m\u00e0u n\u00e2u x\u00e1m, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f2n non v\u1ecf bong th\u00e0nh m\u1ea3ng nh\u1ecf, \u1edf c\u00e2y tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 v\u1ecf n\u1ee9t d\u1ecdc, th\u1ecbt v\u1ecf m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 m\u00f9i th\u01a1m.<\/p>\n

L\u00e1 p\u01a1 mu h\u00ecnh v\u1ea3y, l\u00e1 c\u00f3 2 d\u1ea1ng: l\u00e1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e1 sinh s\u1ea3n. L\u00e1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng hai b\u00ean xo\u00e8 r\u1ed9ng h\u00ecnh m\u0169i m\u00e1c, l\u00e1 sinh s\u1ea3n nh\u1ecf d\u1ea1ng v\u1ea3y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp, m\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4i, l\u00e1 v\u1ea3y gi\u1eefa c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i l\u1ed3i, l\u00e1 v\u1ea3y hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00f9 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecdn. M\u1eb7t tr\u00ean l\u00e1 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh l\u1ee5c, m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea5n tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

Hoa \u0111\u1ef1c c\u00e1i c\u00f9ng g\u1ed1c. N\u00f3n \u0111\u1ef1c m\u1ecdc \u1edf n\u00e1ch l\u00e1, h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee9ng hay h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c d\u00e0i 1 cm, n\u00f3n c\u00e1i m\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e0n, ng\u1eafn n\u00f3n c\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u. P\u01a1 mu ra hoa v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3-4. Qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 11 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 12 v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch ra l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea3y qu\u1ea3. Qu\u1ea3 p\u01a1 mu h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 2,0 \u20132,5cm.Khi qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn m\u00e0u v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u00e0u xanh v\u00e0ng sang m\u00e0u n\u00e2u s\u1eabm. M\u1ed7i v\u1ea3y qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 2 h\u1ea1t m\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 c\u00e1nh m\u1ecfng. M\u1ed7i qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb 12-18 h\u1ea1t. Chu k\u1ef3 sai qu\u1ea3 kho\u1ea3ng 2-4 n\u0103m. C\u00e2y cho h\u1ea1t t\u1ed1t tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 30-40.<\/p>\n

* \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh th\u00e1i<\/p>\n

P\u01a1 mu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ea1t tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi th\u00edch nghi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1ea9m \u1ea5m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m 150<\/sup>C. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh th\u00e1ng l\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi 100<\/sup>C v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi 00<\/sup>C. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 1200mm ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u trong n\u0103m. P\u01a1 mu th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 m\u1eb9 granit c\u00f3 t\u1ea7ng d\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 chua chua th\u1ea5p. N\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t nh\u1eb9, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. P\u01a1 mu th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ecdc h\u1ed7n giao trong r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y nh\u01b0 gi\u1ebb, re, gi\u1ed5i, th\u00f4ng n\u00e0ng,… P\u01a1 mu l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u01b0a s\u00e1ng l\u00fac nh\u1ecf \u01b0a b\u00f3ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 che ph\u1ee7 0.5-0.6.<\/p>\n

* Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1<\/p>\n

P\u01a1 mu l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ea1t tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu \u1edf v\u00f9ng Nam Trung Hoa \u2013 B\u1eafc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trung Qu\u1ed1c, P\u01a1 mu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn, Giang T\u00e2y, Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y, Tri\u1ebft Giang, Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng, V\u00e2n Nam, Qu\u00fd Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam, p\u01a1 mu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 120<\/sup> t\u1edbi 230<\/sup> v\u0129 B\u1eafc, g\u1ed3m 18 t\u1ec9nh tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb Lai Ch\u00e2u, S\u01a1n La, H\u00e0 Giang, Tuy\u00ean Quang, L\u00e0o Cai, Y\u00ean B\u00e1i, B\u1eafc Giang, V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh, Thanh Ho\u00e1 ,Ngh\u1ec7 an, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, Gia Lai, Kon Tum, \u0110\u1eafc L\u1eafc..t\u1edbi L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, Ninh Thu\u1eadn. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 cao 950-1200m.<\/p>\n

2. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n

2.1. K\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o c\u00e2y con <\/em><\/p>\n

* Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 l\u00e0m gi\u1ed1ng<\/em>: C\u00e2y m\u1eb9 l\u00e0m gi\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed9i, sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb cong queo s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh. Tu\u1ed5i c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 t\u1eeb 30-40, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh D1.3<\/sub> = 25-35 cm cho t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao ( 70% t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t ch\u1eafc). S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ean 30 kg.<\/p>\n

* Thu h\u00e1i h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/em><\/p>\n

– Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 thu h\u00e1i: Qu\u1ea3 p\u01a1mu th\u01b0\u1eddng thu h\u00e1i v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 12 khi v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u00e0u xanh v\u00e0ng sang m\u00e0u n\u00e2u x\u1eabm.<\/p>\n

– Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thu h\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch h\u1ea1t: Qu\u1ea3 p\u01a1 mu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Sau khi thu h\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111em ph\u01a1i qu\u1ea3 trong b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m. Sau 7-10 ng\u00e0y h\u1ea1t t\u00e1ch h\u1ebft kh\u1ecfi v\u1ecf (90%).Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thu gom h\u1ea1t, s\u00e0ng s\u1ea3y h\u1ea1t l\u00e9p v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111em gieo ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

* B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/em>: Sau khi thu h\u00e1i h\u1ea1t xong t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u00ean gieo h\u1ea1t ngay t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m cao (50%). Khi b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n l\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (9o<\/sup> C) t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ( 30%). Tuy nhi\u00ean th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 150 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

* Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 gieo \u01b0\u01a1m: <\/em>Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 gieo \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00e2y P\u01a1 mu t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 4, th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea5m h\u1ea1t d\u1ec5 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

* L\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t gieo \u01b0\u01a1m: <\/em>\u0110\u1ea5t gieo \u01b0\u01a1m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7y b\u1eeba k\u1ef9, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t, t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p \u1ea9m sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng. B\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng 1m, cao 20 cm, r\u00e3nh r\u1ed9ng 35 cm chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i lu\u1ed1ng tu\u1ef3 theo di\u1ec7n t\u00edch, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u1eddn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 10m \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c. L\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng xong b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c, tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn ph\u00e2n N P K r\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gieo h\u1ea1t x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c Benl\u00e1t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,05% \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n

* X\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng:<\/em><\/p>\n

– Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p: h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u00e2m v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m (2s\u00f4i+3 l\u1ea1nh) trong th\u1eddi gian 4gi\u1edd r\u1ed3i v\u1edbt ra r\u1eeda chua b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c t\u00edm (KMnO4<\/sub>) lo\u00e3ng (0,05%). Sau \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eeda l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1t \u0111em gieo \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m cao nh\u1ea5t (50%).<\/p>\n

* Gieo h\u1ea1t<\/em>: Gieo v\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng (0,3kgh\u1ea1t \/10m2<\/sup>). Gieo xong l\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ecbn, c\u00e1t m\u1ecbn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 0,5cm, t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y cho h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea7m n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

* Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y con tr\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng gieo<\/em>: H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n cho c\u00e2y con tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ed1ng gieo v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 2l\u00edt\/m2<\/sup> n\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u00f9 ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf. Khi h\u1ea1t h\u1ea1t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m phun 1 l\u1ea7n thu\u1ed1c benlat n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,05% \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb n\u1ea5m. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ed5 c\u1ecf ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y con tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng. Khi c\u00e2y con cao t\u1eeb 8-10 cm ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

* \u0110\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u<\/em>: B\u1ea7u l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng t\u00fai Polyetylen c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1y, \u0111\u1ee5c 6 l\u1ed7 \u1edf s\u01b0\u1eddn t\u00fai cho tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea7u 9 x13cm.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u: \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf m\u1ecbn t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f9n +30% ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1i + 2% ph\u00e2n N P K tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea7u 250-300g, khi \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng th\u1eadt ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 khi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 b\u1ea7u. B\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3ng xong x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh lu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng 1m d\u00e0i 10m ti\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea5y c\u00e2y v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u ta phun 1 l\u1ea7n thu\u1ed1c benl\u00e1t ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,5%, li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 10 l\u00edt tr\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng 10m2 <\/sup>.<\/p>\n

* C\u1ea5y c\u00e2y v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u<\/em>: d\u00f9ng que hay bay nh\u1ecf ch\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 gi\u1eefa b\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2y con ngay ng\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m g\u1eadp r\u1ec5 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea5y tay \u1ea5n ch\u1eb7t g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

– C\u1ea5y xong l\u00e0m gi\u00e0n che c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1n che 0,7-0,9, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc 2 l\u1ea7n cho \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m, li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edbi 1 g\u00e1nh \/ 1 lu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e2y b\u1ecb n\u1ea5m c\u1ea7n phun thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb ngay. Khi c\u00e2y con cao 12-15cm \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n che xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 0,5.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e2y cao 20-25cm \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n che gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 0,3 . Sau 18 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i c\u00e2y cao 25 cm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh g\u1ed1c 0,5cm l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf gi\u00e0n che \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2y th\u00edch nghi d\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng. S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gieo \u01b0\u01a1m l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1o c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb hom<\/em>:<\/p>\n

– Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5: Qua k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i SaPa cho th\u1ea5y th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 gi\u00e2m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10, 11 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 2, 3 v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ra r\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea1t 90%.<\/p>\n

– Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u01a1i gi\u00e2m: N\u01a1i gi\u00e2m c\u1ea7n tho\u00e1ng, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, g\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, xa c\u00e1c \u1ed5 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

– Nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u00e2m: g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1t, v\u00f2m che nilon, m\u00e1i che \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1n che, b\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbi, thu\u1ed1c kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng benl\u00e1t, ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng AIB, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft hom.<\/p>\n

– K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00e2m:<\/p>\n

+ C\u00e0nh gi\u00e2m: c\u00e0nh b\u00e1nh t\u1ebb \u1edf c\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i 3-4 tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 t\u00f3t nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ra r\u1ec5 l\u00e0 90%.<\/p>\n

+ C\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd: Sau khi c\u1eaft c\u00e0nh gi\u00e2m cho v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111em gi\u00e2m ngay. Hom \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i 7-10cm, sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e2m v\u00e0o thu\u1ed1c kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c benl\u00e1t v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng AIB.<\/p>\n

+ C\u1eddy: N\u1ec1n c\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1t v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea5y 5 x 5cm.<\/p>\n

+Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c: Sau khi c\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng v\u00f2m che nilon che l\u1ea1i. N\u01a1i gi\u00e2m lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1n che >0.9. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edbi cho \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1ef1c x\u1ea1 chi\u1ebfu tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

+ Chuy\u1ec3n ra b\u1ea7u: Sau 2-3 th\u00e1ng hom ra r\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 >60%, hom c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra r\u1ec5 TB >5 v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i r\u1ec5 > 5cm chuy\u1ec3n ra b\u1ea7u. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 hom trong 4-6 th\u00e1ng khi th\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ec5 nhi\u1ec1u, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ec5 d\u00e0i >10cm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng> 90%.<\/p>\n

2.2. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng <\/em><\/p>\n

Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean 2 d\u1ea1ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu:<\/p>\n

– Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng th\u1ee9 sinh ngh\u00e8o ki\u1ec7t ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sau n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n che 0,4 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c b\u00ec g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y t\u00e1i sinh \u01b0a s\u00e1ng: T\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 s\u1ee7, s\u1ed3i, hu \u0111ay,..v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u cao b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n (>4m), \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 1,3m b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 10-15cm. C\u00e2y b\u1ee5i th\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u01a1i g\u1ed3m lau, ch\u00edt, ch\u00e8 v\u00e8..<\/p>\n

– Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng sau n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby.<\/p>\n

* Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ed3ng<\/em>: Tu\u1ef3 theo c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee9c tr\u1ed3ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng th\u1ee9 sinh ngh\u00e8o ki\u1ec7t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n giao theo \u0111\u00e1m, c\u1ee5m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y t\u00e1i sinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. C\u00e1c c\u00e2y n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 che b\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i . Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p canh t\u00e1c c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa.<\/p>\n

* M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng<\/em>: Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu 1100c\u00e2y\/ha ( 3x3m).<\/p>\n

* Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng<\/em>: Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7-8.<\/p>\n

* X\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ef1c b\u00ec<\/em>: Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t quang d\u00e2y leo c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

* \u0110\u00e0o h\u1ed1 tr\u1ed3ng<\/em>: Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng 1 th\u00e1ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed1 40x40x40cm.<\/p>\n

* L\u1ea5p h\u1ed1<\/em> v\u00e0 r\u1eaby c\u1ecf xung quanh mi\u1ec7ng h\u1ed1 sau khi \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed1 2 tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

* Tr\u1ed3ng<\/em>: L\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed1 ra v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 . Ch\u00fa \u00fd khi tr\u1ed3ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2y ngay ng\u1eafn v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa h\u1ed1, l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1eadt ch\u1eb7t xung quanh g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

* Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c<\/em>: ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 3 l\u1ea7n\/ n\u0103m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t xung quanh g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 x\u1edbi v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 0,8-1 m. Trong khi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n NPK li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 0,2kg \/g\u1ed1c. Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ebfm v\u1ec1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e2y p\u01a1 mu tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

– T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng: C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec1u cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cao(>85%). Cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 canh t\u00e1c l\u00faa \u0111\u1ea1t 92%.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng sau hai n\u0103m tr\u1ed3ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/td>\nD00<\/sub> (mm)<\/td>\nHvn(cm)<\/td>\nT\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh sin tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PM1<\/td>\n34,5<\/td>\n200,3<\/td>\nT\u1ed1t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PM2<\/td>\n25,9<\/td>\n141,4<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PM3<\/td>\n61,3<\/td>\n225,3<\/td>\nT\u1ed1t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

S\u01a1 qua s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c PM3 cho sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u. So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea cho th\u1ea5y gi\u1eefa 3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady 95%. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a P\u01a1 mu tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

***********************************************<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cây p\u01a1mu có tên khoa h\u1ecdc Fokienia hodginssi (Dunn) thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Hoàng \u0111àn (Cupressaceace). Có nhi\u1ec1u tên g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed7 sam, \u0111\u1ed7 th\u1ee5, bách Phúc Ki\u1ebfn (Trung Qu\u1ed1c), thông d\u1ea7u, thông hôi, m\u1ea1y long lanh, m\u1ea1y vác.. G\u1ed7 p\u01a1mu b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb9p, thân th\u1eb3ng d\u1ec5 c\u01b0a x\u1ebb, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u1ecbn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dùng trong xây d\u1ef1ng, làm \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7, \u0111iêu kh\u1eafc t\u1ea1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng; r\u1ec5 cành, ng\u1ecdn, mùn c\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t tinh d\u1ea7u làm h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u. G\u1ed7 p\u01a1mu chôn sâu d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ngâm d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc vài n\u0103m không b\u1ecb m\u1ed1i m\u1ecdt. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8553"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8553"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8553\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19344,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8553\/revisions\/19344"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8553"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}