{"id":8544,"date":"2009-03-24T02:05:59","date_gmt":"2009-03-23T19:05:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2009\/03\/mot-so-van-de-trong-quan-ly-su-dung-ben-vung-he-sinh-thai-rung-ngap-man-va-rung-tram\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T10:31:47","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T03:31:47","slug":"mot-so-van-de-trong-quan-ly-su-dung-ben-vung-he-sinh-thai-rung-ngap-man-va-rung-tram","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/mot-so-van-de-trong-quan-ly-su-dung-ben-vung-he-sinh-thai-rung-ngap-man-va-rung-tram\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m*"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ed7 \u0110\u00ecnh S\u00e2m<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/p>\n

R\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc. Vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a kinh t\u1ebf – m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i c\u00f3 r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n. \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m kh\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa t\u1eeb x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng, qui ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e2m ng\u01b0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean quan, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1999 H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o khoa h\u1ecdc “Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng, ven bi\u1ec3n ” do Trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i) v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n (ACTMANG) Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t ra, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

I.C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m khi r\u1eebng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

1. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc cao \u1edf v\u00f9ng Nam B\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long. Hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 t\u1edbi trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chi\u1ebfn tranh khi M\u1ef9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c m\u00e0u da cam, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1966 – 1970. Nh\u1eefng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ha r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n C\u1ea7n Gi\u1edd, Ki\u1ebfn V\u00e0ng (huy\u1ec7n Ng\u1ecdc Hi\u1ec3n, C\u00e0 Mau) ho\u1eb7c r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Tr\u00e0m Chim ( \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi )\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i r\u1eebng, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00e1i sinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ha r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n huy\u1ec7n C\u1ea7n Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, m\u1ed9t khu du l\u1ecbch sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n C\u1ea7n Gi\u1edd, r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n \u1edf Ki\u1ebfn V\u00e0ng (C\u00e0 mau) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn ngo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1o kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng. H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m \u1edf tr\u00e0m chim \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c nhanh sau ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i (1986) v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i S\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecf v\u1edbi r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee1 tu\u1ed5i, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ecf n\u1eb7ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed3m- ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho s\u1ebfu v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c gia Tr\u00e0m Chim (1994) r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh VQG Tr\u00e0m Chim (1998).<\/p>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (1975), nhi\u1ec1u di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p N\u00f4ng L\u00e2m Ng\u01b0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 \u1edf L\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u00f4ng Tr\u1eb9m (C\u00e0 Mau ).<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u theo d\u00f5i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam (Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ed9i Qu\u1ef3nh, 1999 ) cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng m\u1eafm tr\u1eafng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ea5n \u00e1t c\u1ea3 r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00e3i b\u1ed3i ph\u00eda T\u00e2y t\u1ec9nh C\u00e0 Mau sau khi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i to\u1ea3 c\u00e1c vu\u00f4ng t\u00f4m do d\u00e2n x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 bao v\u00ed v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1994 – 1995. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 Ki\u00ean Giang, S\u00f3c Tr\u0103ng, Tr\u00e0 Vinh\u2026 Ngo\u00e0i lo\u00e0i m\u1eafm tr\u1eafng ti\u00ean phong tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00e3i b\u1ed3i non ven bi\u1ec3n th\u00ec \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3, gi\u1eefa c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n \u1edf Tr\u00e0 Vinh \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng d\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn b\u1ea7n chua t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i sinh ch\u1ed3i sau khai th\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: Vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i m\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i r\u1eebng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u1edf kh\u00e2u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n khi b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

2. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Nam B\u1ed9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1993 – 1995 l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng “da b\u00e1o”, xen k\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qui lu\u1eadt gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh r\u1eebng v\u00e0 vu\u00f4ng t\u00f4m. Do h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c vu\u00f4ng t\u00f4m n\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1edd li\u1ebfp cao tr\u00ean m\u1ef1c thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong khu r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecdng th\u1ee9c \u0103n nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m, b\u00f9n b\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y ao, s\u1ef1 k\u00e9m l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc gia t\u0103ng. R\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc cho t\u1edbi nay ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n h\u1eb9p t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vu\u00f4ng t\u00f4m hay k\u00eanh r\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 pH trong n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3m, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 NH4<\/sub>+<\/sup> t\u0103ng, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng DO gi\u1ea3m, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng BOD t\u0103ng,\u2026 G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee5c b\u00f9n v\u00e0 h\u00fat b\u00f9n trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7m nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u00eanh r\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c r\u1eebng trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean b\u1edd li\u1ebfp cao s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n C\u00e0 Mau khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bao g\u1ed3m: C\u00e2y g\u1ed7 (keo l\u00e1 tr\u00e0m, keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, so \u0111\u0169a, me, mu\u1ed3ng \u0111en,\u2026 ), c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u0103n tr\u00e1i ( sapo, \u1ed5i, t\u00e1o, chu\u1ed1i, d\u1ee9a, d\u1eeba,\u2026 ) v\u00e0 rau c\u1ee7 (d\u01b0a h\u1ea5u, b\u00ed \u0111\u1ecf, b\u1eafp, khoai s\u1ecd\u2026).<\/p>\n

– Sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7m nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m b\u1ecf hoang ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng theo chi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i. Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t \u00edt, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, sinh kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng Trang (Kandelia candel<\/em>) trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7m nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m b\u1ecf hoang \u1edf C\u1ea7n Gi\u1edd, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh.<\/p>\n

– C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng cho t\u1edbi nay, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, m\u1ee9c ng\u1eadp tri\u1ec1u trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng tr\u00e0n lan \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1edbi sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 trong vu\u00f4ng t\u00f4m b\u1ecf hoang c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn. Ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1eb1m kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 quan. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung quan tr\u1ecdng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

II. Kinh doanh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m – nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eb7t ra.<\/p>\n

Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh doanh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng – l\u00e2m – ng\u01b0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ed9 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00e1 cao.<\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e2m ng\u01b0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 r\u1eebng 70-75%, vu\u00f4ng t\u00f4m 25-30% c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do l\u1ee3i \u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft th\u1eddi gian qua \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1 tr\u00e0n lan v\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cao r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e2m ng\u01b0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, n\u1ea3y sinh ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m:<\/p>\n

+ T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1eebng\/ t\u00f4m l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p? Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng do r\u1eebng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i m\u1ea1nh trong th\u1eddi gian qua n\u00ean c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1eebng\/ t\u00f4m t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

+ Vi\u1ec7c quy ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e2m ng\u01b0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i r\u1eebng, vu\u00f4ng t\u00f4m, li\u1ebfp cao trong v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf qui ho\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1i. Trong qui ho\u1ea1ch, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp C\u00e0 Mau li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e2m – ng\u01b0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 r\u1eebng – t\u00f4m ho\u1eb7c t\u00f4m – r\u1eebng ho\u1eb7c kinh doanh r\u1eebng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m vv\u2026<\/p>\n

+ Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i r\u1eebng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kinh doanh thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, Thu\u1ef7 l\u1ee3i, Thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n v.v\u2026 T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e2u kh\u00e1 then ch\u1ed1t. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e2m ng\u01b0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1eeba qua \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c kh\u00e2u r\u1ea5t then ch\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng t\u00f4m, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4m, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea1o r\u1eebng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m s\u00fa b\u00e1n th\u00e2m canh v\u00e0 th\u00e2m canh qui m\u00f4 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo ki\u1ec3u ” b\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng nhau-ao trong ao ” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

+ Quy ho\u1ea1ch, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 v\u00f9ng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. Vai tr\u00f2 ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c \u0111ai r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau (r\u1ea5t xung y\u1ebfu, xung y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u00edt xung y\u1ebfu) c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 C\u1ea7n Gi\u1edd th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1eebng b\u1ea7n chua trong khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 t\u1ec9nh Tr\u00e0 Vinh.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng b\u1ea7n chua ch\u1ed1ng x\u00f3i l\u1edf \u1edf M\u1ef9 Long (Tr\u00e0 Vinh), tr\u1ed3ng m\u1eafm \u0111en \u1edf Ki\u00ean Giang, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, quan s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea5n \u00e1t m\u1eafm \u0111en \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Ki\u00ean Giang, C\u00e0 Mau v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec9nh \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 r\u1eebng b\u1ea7n chua t\u00e1i sinh ch\u1ed3i (r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9) \u1edf Tr\u00e0 Vinh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00fd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 ven bi\u1ec3n tu\u00e2n theo quy lu\u1eadt t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n th\u1ebf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m ng\u01b0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e0m- l\u00faa- c\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 quan. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n nay b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ea3y sinh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp:<\/p>\n

+ Quy ho\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1i c\u1ee5m d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m. N\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong ph\u1ea7n sau v\u1ec1 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

+ M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2y l\u00faa do \u00fang ng\u1eadp, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m v\u00e0 kinh doanh ng\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t chua ph\u00e8n m\u1ea1nh trong l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n

\u0110a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u, tr\u0169ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdng ph\u00e8n, c\u00f3 tr\u00e0m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 ( v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf Long An) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u1ecf ch\u1ecbu ph\u00e8n: N\u0103nkim, c\u1ecf m\u1ed3m,\u2026 Hi\u1ec7n nay trong l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u00ean li\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tr\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u, d\u1ee9a, \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7,v.v\u2026v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u1edf Ph\u00e2n vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Nam B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Tr\u00e0m \u00fac ho\u1eb7c Keo lai\u2026 Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (\u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc) t\u1edbi sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e2y r\u1eebng v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t chua ph\u00e8n m\u1ea1nh sau khi l\u00ean li\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

III. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u01b0.<\/p>\n

+ D\u00e2n c\u01b0 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 ngh\u00e8o cao v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u00f9 ch\u1eef l\u1edbn<\/p>\n

+ H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u00e9m v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111i l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng, k\u00eanh, r\u1ea1ch<\/p>\n

+ \u0110a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 m\u1edbi t\u1edbi, t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u1ea5p m\u1edbi n\u00ean quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0ng, x\u00e3, d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

+ Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00f2n g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

2. Giao \u0111\u1ea5t kho\u00e1n r\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/p>\n

+ C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 giao \u0111\u1ea5t kho\u00e1n r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ha r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n \u1edf C\u1ea7n Gi\u1edd, \u1edf C\u00e0 Mau (Ki\u1ebfn V\u00e0ng) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m \u1edf s\u00f4ng Tr\u1eb9m (C\u00e0 Mau).<\/p>\n

+ M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb r\u1eebng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n, ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9, \u0111\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng. V\u1edbi r\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng qui \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ” \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda r\u1eebng ” kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

+ V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng theo c\u1ee5m d\u00e2n c\u01b0 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

3. Quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u1ee5m d\u00e2n c\u01b0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khu r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n d\u00e2n c\u01b0 r\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafp l\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n. B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed xen k\u1ebd ru\u1ed9ng l\u00faa k\u1ec1 s\u00e1t r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n quy ho\u1ea1ch, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i v\u00ec t\u1ea1o m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

4 . V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n

\u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng n\u00fai, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m? \u1edf C\u00e0 Mau, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng theo h\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Trong th\u1eddi gian qua, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao kho\u00e1n cho t\u1eebng h\u1ed9 d\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ecb x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 giao kho\u00e1n cho t\u1eebng h\u1ed9 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00e0 l\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn, nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c \u00e9p ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u1ed7 \u0110\u00ecnh S\u00e2m – Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc B\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long (Ti\u1ebfng Anh). Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1999.<\/p>\n

2. Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc B\u00ecnh. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1995.<\/p>\n

3. Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o khoa h\u1ecdc ” Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng ven bi\u1ec3n” H\u00e0 n\u1ed9i th\u00e1ng 11\/ 1999. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 n\u1ed9i – T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/p>\n

Some problems concerning the management and sustainable use of<\/p>\n

mangrove forest ecosystems.<\/p>\n

Summary: <\/em>The author affirms the economic, environmental and social significance of the mangro and M. leucadendron forests. Briefly revieing some activities concerning the research on and management, protection and utilization of mangrove and M.leucadendron forests in recent years the author raises some problems that need to be paid attention to at present and in the future for restoration and sustainable utilization of these ecosystems, for example, their possible rehabilitation when they are destroyed. Practical problems in management of these forests and the role played by the policy and social forestry in sustainable management and utilization of these ecosystems are also mentioned<\/p>\n

(* Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp t\u1eeb b\u00e1o c\u00e1o trong h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n ven bi\u1ec3n <\/em>Nam<\/em>B\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i t\u1ec9nh C\u00e0 Mau – th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1999).<\/em>****************************************<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

R\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n ven bi\u1ec3n và r\u1eebng tràm là m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 sinh thái \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111áo c\u1ee7a vùng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc. Vai trò và ý ngh\u0129a kinh t\u1ebf – môi tr\u01b0\u1eddng – xã h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n và r\u1eebng tràm \u0111ã \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong nghiên c\u1ee9u và trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n không nh\u1eefng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta mà còn \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc trên th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i có r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n. \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, các nghiên c\u1ee9u, d\u1ef1 án trong và ngoài n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ã và \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf vùng r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n và r\u1eebng tràm khá \u0111a d\u1ea1ng và phong phú t\u1eeb xây d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n lý, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 sinh thái r\u1eebng, qui ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn hành các th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m trên hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8544"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8544"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8544\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19352,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8544\/revisions\/19352"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8544"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8544"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}