{"id":521,"date":"2005-08-12T04:42:10","date_gmt":"2005-08-12T04:42:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.dungnq.local\/2005\/08\/12\/benh-cay-bach-dan-va-quan-ly-dich-benh\/"},"modified":"2019-09-24T15:52:24","modified_gmt":"2019-09-24T08:52:24","slug":"benh-cay-bach-dan-va-quan-ly-dich-benh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/benh-cay-bach-dan-va-quan-ly-dich-benh\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ec7nh c\u00e2y b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh"},"content":{"rendered":"

TS. Ph\u1ea1m Quang Thu<\/h1>\n

Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 40, l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cung c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y, mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf cao. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1986 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1992, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1t 428.569 ha chi\u1ebfm 46,5% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng Eucalyptus camaldulensis<\/i> chi\u1ebfm 79% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng (theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a V\u1ee5 KHCN v\u00e0 CLSP, B\u1ed9 NN v\u00e0 PTNT).<\/p>\n

    Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u khu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbic\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai, B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, B\u00ecnh Ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda B\u1eafc. T\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khu kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0: xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Petford, Kennedy River, Katherine, Morehead River, Gibb River v\u00e0 Gilbert River. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eadp trung v\u1edbi qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Petford chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

    T\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 80, c\u00e1c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng v\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Petford \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Trung \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i t\u00e1n l\u00e1, h\u1ea1i th\u00e2n, c\u00e0nh, g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1y l\u00e1, \u0111\u1ed1m l\u00e1, xo\u0103n m\u00e9p l\u00e1 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u1ecdn v\u00e0 c\u00e0nh, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh quan v\u00e0 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a FAO n\u0103m 1994, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng \u1edf 4 t\u1ec9nh; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai, S\u00f4ng B\u00e9 v\u00e0 B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 11.690 ha.<\/p>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, hoang mang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng, Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Khoa L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 L\u00e2m s\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u00d4xtr\u00e2ylia (CSIRO) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0a ra chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n gi\u1ed1ng cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

    2.<\/b>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u:<\/b><\/p>\n

    -\u0110i\u1ec1u tra, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ec7nh: Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u1eddi gian \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u1ec7nh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ea5t. Thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

    -\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh: Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1n l\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 5 c\u1ea5p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i<\/td>\nCh\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i<\/td>\nBi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh<\/td>\n0<\/td>\nC\u00e2y kho\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n1<\/td>\nT\u1edbi 25% s\u1ed1 l\u00e1 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n26-50% s\u1ed1 l\u00e1 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    N\u1eb7ng<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n51-75% s\u1ed1 l\u00e1 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    R\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n>75% s\u1ed1 l\u00e1 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    -Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1n DataPlus & Genstat.<\/p>\n

    3.<\/b>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn:<\/b><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    3.1 T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh b\u1ec7nh b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

    Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh hay lo\u1ea1i sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i.C\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. Danh m\u1ee5c c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n\u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    -B\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i l\u00e1: g\u1ed3m 8 lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

    + Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum<\/i><\/p>\n

    + Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti<\/i><\/p>\n

    + Pseudocercospora eucalyptorum<\/i><\/p>\n

    + Phaeophleospora epicocoides<\/i> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kirramyces epicocoides<\/i><\/p>\n

    + Phaeophleospora destructans<\/i><\/p>\n

    + Mycosphaerella marksii<\/i>.<\/p>\n

    + Coniella fragariae<\/i><\/p>\n

    + Meliola<\/i> sp.<\/p>\n

    -B\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i th\u00e2n c\u00e0nh: g\u1ed3m 6 lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

    + Cryphonectria cubensis<\/i><\/p>\n

    + Cryphonectria gyrosa<\/i><\/p>\n

    + Botryosphaeria <\/i>sp.<\/p>\n

    + Coniothyrium zuluence<\/i><\/p>\n

    + Corticium salmonicolor<\/i><\/p>\n

    + Ralstonia solanacearum<\/i> (vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o xanh)<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc:<\/b> Sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n l\u00e0 n\u1ea5m Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti<\/i>, Mycosphaerella marksii<\/i>, Coniella fragariae<\/i>, Phaeoseptoria epicocoides,<\/i> Pestalotiopsis<\/i> sp., Cryphonectria cubensis<\/i>, Coniothyrium<\/i> zuluence<\/i> v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o xanh l\u00e0 Ralstonia solanacearum. <\/i>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh nh\u00ecn chung \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba. T\u1ea1i Ba V\u00ec, H\u00e0 T\u00e2y, b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng E. camadulensis<\/i> xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Petford c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean 90%, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh trung b\u00ecnh do n\u1ea5m Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti<\/i> g\u00e2y n\u00ean b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m l\u00e1 v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m Mycosphaerella<\/i> marksii<\/i>. g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh xo\u0103n m\u00e9p l\u00e1, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. B\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i th\u00e2n c\u00e0nh do n\u1ea5m Cryphonectria cubensis <\/i>v\u00e0 Coniothyrium<\/i>zuluence<\/i> c\u0169ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n lai.T\u1ea1i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, B\u1eafc Giang, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n v\u00e0 Tuy\u00ean Quang, sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ch\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n v\u1eabn l\u00e0Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti<\/i>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Petford c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. B\u1ec7nh xo\u0103n m\u00e9p l\u00e1 do n\u1ea5m Mycosphaerella<\/i> marksii<\/i> c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c r\u1eebng ch\u1ed3i 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 2 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng. B\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m t\u00edm do n\u1ea5m Phaeoseptoria epicocoides<\/i> c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00e1 gi\u00e0, ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00e1n l\u00e1, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n E. urophylla<\/i> d\u00f2ng PN2 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1eddi gian 3 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u, d\u00f2ng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi Ralstonia solanacearum<\/i>, m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o xanh, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 8 \u0111\u1ebfn 10%, c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 n\u01a1i, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft do b\u1ec7nh l\u00ean t\u1edbi 30% (\u1edf Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, B\u1eafc Giang) v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 50% (\u1edf V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac) v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a cao ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 qua canh t\u00e1c c\u00e1c c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 l\u1ea1c, s\u1eafn. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n lai d\u00f2ng U6, xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, b\u1ec7nh ch\u00e1y l\u00e1 do n\u1ea5m Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum<\/i> l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a h\u00e0ng n\u0103m d\u01b0\u1edbi 1900 mm. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1edbi 2 l\u00fd do sau: l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng cao nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n th\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a 1 th\u00e1ng m\u00f9a m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean 350 mm th\u00ec r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c d\u00f2ng U6 r\u1ea5t m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi n\u1ea5mCylindrocladium quinqueseptatum<\/i>.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n Trung:<\/b> Lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn l\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng E. camaldulensis<\/i>. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 E. urophylla<\/i>, E. deglupta<\/i> c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nh\u1ecf, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. B\u1ec7nh ch\u00e1y l\u00e1 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng do n\u1ea5m Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum <\/i>g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng t\u1eadp trung thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng. Nhi\u1ec1u khu r\u1eebng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng, c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9m, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb7t b\u1ecf v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n E. urophylla<\/i>, E. deglupta<\/i> c\u0169ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh do n\u1ea5m Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum<\/i> nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti<\/i>, Pseudocercospora eucalyptorum<\/i> g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m l\u00e1, ch\u1ebft ng\u1ecdn, c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf khu r\u1eebng ch\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh th\u00e2n c\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 Botryosphaera sp.<\/i>, Cryphonectria cubensis,<\/i> Cortitium salmonicolor<\/i> th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba ngh\u00e8o ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u0111\u1ea5t x\u00f3i m\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh. Khi b\u1ecb n\u1eb7ng, th\u00e2n c\u00e2y t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ecdn b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft, c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc ch\u1ed3i ng\u1ecdn m\u1edbi, l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb t\u00e1i x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o n\u0103m sau v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u00e2n c\u00e2y b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u00f4ng Nam b\u1ed9:<\/b> Lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng E. camaldulensis<\/i> xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Petford. D\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh, nhi\u1ec1u khu r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9m, b\u1ecb r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1, ch\u1ebft ng\u1ecdn. Sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa, c\u00f3 3 lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y th\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch l\u00e0: Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum, Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti <\/i>v\u00e0 Pseudocercospora eucalyptorum<\/i>. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 E. terreticornis<\/i> v\u00e0 E.pellita <\/i>m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n lai U6 v\u00e0 W5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf B\u1ea7u B\u00e0ng, B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng do n\u1ea5m Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum<\/i> g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n n\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00e1n l\u00e1 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh T\u00e2y Nam b\u1ed9:<\/b> Lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng E. camaldulensis<\/i> xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Petford. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh. Sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti<\/i> v\u1edbi tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1m l\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4 c\u00e0nh, ng\u1ecdn. B\u1ec7nh ch\u00e1y l\u00e1 do n\u1ea5m Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum<\/i> c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng tu\u1ed5i 1 v\u00e0 2 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00e1n l\u00e1.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh T\u00e2y nguy\u00ean:<\/b> Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i phong ph\u00fa, bao g\u1ed3m E. mycrocoris<\/i>, E. saligna<\/i>, E. grandis<\/i>. E. camaldulensis<\/i> v\u00e0 E. urophylla<\/i>. Trong c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n E. camaldulensis<\/i> xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Petford b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng do n\u1ea5m Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti<\/i> g\u00e2y n\u00ean b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m l\u00e1, kh\u00f4 c\u00e0nh ng\u1ecdn. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: Phaeoseptoria epicocoides<\/i>, Coniella fragariae<\/i>, Meliola <\/i>sp. c\u0169ng b\u1ec7nh cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n kh\u00e1c song b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a cc\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2y v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

    3.2. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9, l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t, d\u00f2ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh, sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c khu kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean khu kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u1edf Ch\u01a1n Th\u00e0nh, t\u1ec9nh B\u00ecnh Ph\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1996. Khu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m g\u1ed3m 7 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng E. camaldulensis <\/i>(Fergu River, Katherine, Laura River, Morehead River, Kennedy River, Kennedy Creek v\u00e0 Petford) \u1edf B\u1eafc Queensland v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, c\u00f3 150 gia \u0111\u00ecnh (l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb) bao g\u1ed3m 4800 c\u00e2y. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e2y trong khu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, chi\u1ec1u cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 trong 2 n\u0103m 1997 v\u00e0 1998. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u1ec7nh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9, l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t, kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

    \u00b7C\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t, t\u00e1n l\u00e1 d\u00e0y, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ec9a c\u00e0nh s\u1edbm, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9: Kennedy Creek, Laura River v\u00e0 Kennedy River. Xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9Morehead River v\u00e0 c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

    \u00b7M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y trong khu kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0: Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti<\/i> v\u1edbi 2 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1m l\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft ng\u1ecdn, Pseudocercospora eucalyptorum<\/i> g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 Phaeoseptoria epicocoides<\/i> g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m t\u00edm. C\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t thu\u1ed9c 4 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Kennedy Creek (l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t 15827,18275), Laura River (l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t 18267), Kennedy River (l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t 18242) v\u00e0 Petford (l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t 14342-51) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean v\u00e0 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

    \u00b7\u0110\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n 22 gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nhi\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc: gia \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1ed1 8, 11, 49 v\u00e0 51 c\u1ee7a xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Petford; 65,73, 74 v\u00e0 79 c\u1ee7a xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Kennedy River; 96, 98, 101, 104, 108, 109, 110, 112 v\u00e0 114 c\u1ee7a xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Laura River; 31 v\u00e0 32 c\u1ee7a Kennedy Creek; 45 c\u1ee7a Morehead River v\u00e0 37, 40 c\u1ee7a Fergusson River.<\/p>\n

    \u00b7Xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Katherine v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Petford trong khu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t sau 2 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n

    4.<\/b>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \u00b7D\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u00e2y lan nhanh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t nam. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 10 lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

    \u00b7C\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda B\u1eafc do l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a h\u00e0ng n\u0103m th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Mi\u1ec1n Trung (Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf) n\u00ean \u00edt khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y n\u1ea5m Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum<\/i> g\u00e2y n\u00ean b\u1ec7nh ch\u00e1y l\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft ng\u1ecdn ngo\u00e0i 2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n lai \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m t\u1ea1i Ba V\u00ec v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch lai U6 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i, V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac. N\u1ea5m Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti<\/i> l\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m, g\u00e2y n\u00eam b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m l\u00e1, ch\u1ebft ng\u1ecdn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng E. camaldulensis<\/i>.<\/p>\n

    \u00b7B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n E. urophylla<\/i> d\u00f2ng PN2 m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o do vi khu\u1ea9n Ralstonia solanacearum<\/i>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 canh t\u00e1c c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

    \u00b7B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n lai d\u00f2ng U6, W5 m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh ch\u00e1y l\u00e1 do n\u1ea5m Cylin\u0111roclaium quinqueseptatum<\/i> \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a trung b\u00ecnh n\u0103m cao t\u1eeb 1900 mm ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n th\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a 1 th\u00e1ng m\u00f9a m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean 350 mm.<\/p>\n

    \u00b7C\u00e1c T\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n Trung, \u0110\u00f4ng Nam b\u1ed9 3 lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y th\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum<\/i>, Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti<\/i> v\u00e0 Pseudocercospora eucalyptorium<\/i>.<\/p>\n

    \u00b7C\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t thu\u1ed9c 4 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Kennedy Creek (l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t 15827,18275), Laura River (l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t 18267), Kennedy River (l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t 18242) v\u00e0 Petford (l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t 14342-51) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m l\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft ng\u1ecdn do n\u1ea5m Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti<\/i>, Pseudocercospora eucalyptorum<\/i> v\u00e0 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    1.\tM\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 40, l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cung c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y, mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf cao. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1986 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1992, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1t 428.569 ha chi\u1ebfm 46,5% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng Eucalyptus camaldulensis chi\u1ebfm 79% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng (theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a V\u1ee5 KHCN v\u00e0 CLSP, B\u1ed9 NN v\u00e0 PTNT).
    \nTrong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u khu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai, B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, B\u00ecnh Ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda B\u1eafc. T\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khu kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0: xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Petford, Kennedy River, Katherine, Morehead River, Gibb River v\u00e0 Gilbert River. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eadp trung v\u1edbi qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Petford chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[21],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/521"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=521"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/521\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19209,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/521\/revisions\/19209"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=521"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=521"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=521"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}