Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, Vi\u1ec7n Khoa H\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gh\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n.Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. <\/p>\n
<\/i><\/b> <\/p>\n
<\/i><\/b>T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1967 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1974 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3pkeo Phenol-formaldehyd v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0phenol t\u1ea1p Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean thu h\u1ed3ikhi c\u1ed1c h\u00f3a than \u0111\u00e1. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c cho v\u00e1n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p keo Ur\u00ea-formaldehyd d\u00f9ng cho v\u00e1n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m v\u00e1n s\u1ee3i \u00e9p t\u1eeb ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u n\u1ee9a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u01b0\u1edbt v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh l\u00e0 keo phenol t\u1ea1p Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean. \u0110\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3t d\u00e1n c\u0169ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh n\u00e0y. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 V\u1ea1ng tr\u1ee9ng, Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t c\u01a1. <\/p>\n
<\/i><\/b> <\/p>\n
<\/i><\/b>T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1975 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1981 \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng keo d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m \u0111en Phenol-formaldehyd, d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m \u0111en thu h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y. \u0110\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1i keo n\u00e0y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u00e1n m\u1eb7t v\u00e1n d\u0103m b\u1eb1ng v\u00e1n l\u1ea1ng, b\u1eb1ng v\u00e1n tre lu\u1ed3ng b\u00f3c, nan tr\u00facB\u1eafc C\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn tr\u00fac B\u1eafc C\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u0129a . <\/p>\n<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1982 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1985 \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quytr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea1o v\u00e1n s\u1ee3i \u00e9p t\u1eeb g\u1ed7, tre lu\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec1m l\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e1n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p keo Phenol-formaldehyd t\u1eeb phenol thu h\u1ed3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n g\u1ed7. \u0110\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng d\u1ea1ng Copal nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e1n lu\u1ed3ng. <\/p>\n
<\/i><\/b> <\/p>\n
T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1986 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1992 \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9uc\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e1n \u1ed1p t\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e1n s\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng tre n\u1ee9a. \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0mm\u1ec1m\u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1n ph\u1eb3ng tretr\u00ean tr\u1ee5c, s\u1eedd\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ed1c, ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ecdt nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea7u xanh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tre. \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa tre, n\u1ee9a v\u00e0 v\u00e1n b\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m \u1ed1p t\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Sau khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t 1 d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trang tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u tre, n\u1ee9a. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e3 ti\u00e9n h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh g\u1ed7 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch th\u1ea5p l\u00e0m thoi d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p ng\u00e0nh 04B”S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng”. \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed7 M\u1ee1m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thoi d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i. Thoi d\u1ec7t t\u1eeb g\u1ed7 M\u1ee1 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh d\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 600 m2<\/sup> \/Thoi. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1992 \u0111\u1ebfn nay nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3u l\u00f2 s\u1ea5y g\u1ed7, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2 s\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao. Lo\u1ea1i l\u00f2 s\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3lo\u1ea1i b\u1edbt h\u01a1i \u1ea9mtr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i qu\u1ea1t ly t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i. L\u00f2 s\u1ea5y c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 dung t\u00edch s\u1ea5y 2 m3 <\/sup>,c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea5ytrong kho\u1ea3ng 40-750<\/sup>C , \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng 85-27%, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i qua \u0111\u1ed1ng g\u1ed7 1,5 ; 2,5v\u00e0 4 m\/gy. L\u00f2 s\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e1n d\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn g\u1ed7 Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng, Tr\u00e1m h\u1ed3ng, M\u1ee1, Th\u00f4ng \u0111u\u00f4i ng\u1ef1al\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u g\u1ed7 b\u00f3c.Phenolformaldehyd v\u00e0 Uremelaminformaldehydl\u00e0 2 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho v\u00e1n d\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e9pri\u00eangbi\u1ec7t cho t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t cong c\u1ee7a gh\u1ebf t\u1ef1a v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng keo t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 khai th\u00e1cv\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3ng\u1ed7 t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7ur\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng Ho\u00e0ng Li\u00ean S\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y gi\u1ea5y b\u00e3i b\u1eb1ng. \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ed1c d\u1ee1 cho c\u1ea3ng 15 v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1p, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng th\u00eam 30-40% t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh c\u1ef1 ly gom g\u1ed7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1p l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eadn xu\u1ea5t, b\u1ed1c d\u1ee1 v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n g\u1ed7 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh d\u1ed1c, vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n g\u1ed7 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1p l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng, g\u1ed7 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung \u1edf ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1p g\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp theo. Tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e1nh, c\u1ef1 ly 12-15 Km do ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t,t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm, th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u g\u1ed7 \u1edf b\u00e3i Il\u00e2u. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n g\u1ed7 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1p k\u00e9o g\u1ed7 l\u00ean R\u01a1-mooc tr\u00ean 1 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadnchuy\u1ec3n c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 d\u00e0i tr\u00ean 8 m t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 120 <\/sup>. V\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb do \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t b\u1ed1c g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t 3,4 m3<\/sup>\/h, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed1ng 8,2 m3 <\/sup>\/h , chi ph\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u b\u1ed1c-d\u1ee1 g\u1ed7 1,27 l\u00edt\/m3 <\/sup>. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eadn xu\u1ea5t, b\u1ed1c d\u1ee1, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c v\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea5y, v\u00f9ng g\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn xu\u1ea5t, b\u1ed1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n g\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u00e1y k\u00e9o b\u00e1nh h\u01a1i MTZ-50. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edf, gom v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 b\u1ed1c g\u1ed7 g\u1ed3m R\u01a1-mooc, t\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u n\u00e2ng g\u1ed7 th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c. T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a R\u01a1-mooc 1 tr\u1ee5c l\u00e0 40 KN . K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9a g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a R\u01a1-mooc1,8x4x1 (m). Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gom g\u1ed7 t\u1eeb xa, t\u1ef1 b\u1ed1c g\u1ed7 l\u00ean R\u01a1-mooc x\u1ebfp cao th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n Do \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u00e2y nh\u1ecf, chu k\u00fd khai th\u00e1c ng\u1eafn. Do th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n giao \u0111\u1ea5t, giao r\u1eebng cho d\u00e2n, vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y b\u0103m d\u0103m l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf . \u0110\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghien c\u1ee9u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdnki\u1ec3u m\u00e1y b\u0103m d\u0103m l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea7n Lan lo\u1ea1i HJ-10 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y k\u00e9o Volvoc\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 20,5 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c. N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t b\u0103m d\u0103m 3-5 m3 <\/sup>\/g. D\u0103m g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 16x6x25 (mm). M\u00e1y b\u0103m d\u0103m ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1ea1p g\u1ed7 b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea9y g\u1ed7 theo tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u00e1y b\u0103m d\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u0103m d\u0103m gi\u1ea5y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1ebb v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea5y h\u1ee3p l\u00fd g\u1ed7 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n v\u00e0 tr\u00e0m b\u00f4ng v\u00e0ng l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e1n gh\u00e9p thanh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 x\u1ebbh\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh kh\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u0103m d\u00f2 t\u1ea1o v\u00e1n m\u00f9n c\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh. Do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a g\u1ed7 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Hemixenluloza, lignin, tanin v.v… C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed g\u1ed7 v\u1edbi nhau. Khi t\u1ea1o v\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ngW = 22,5-43,17% . \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u00e9pP = 42 Kg\/cm2 <\/sup>. Nhi\u1ec7t\u0111\u1ed9 \u00e9p t0<\/sup>= 2000 <\/sup>C . Th\u1eddi gian \u00e9p t = 2-3 ph\u00fat\/mm chi\u1ec1u d\u1ea7y. Chi\u1ec1u d\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a v\u00e1n \u00e9p trong kho\u1ea3ng S = 4-7 mm. V\u00e1n \u00e9p th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch tr\u00ean 900 kg\/ m3 <\/sup>. \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t u\u1ed1n t\u0129nh t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n theo \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb53,53 \u0111\u1ebfn 83,28 Kg\/cm3<\/sup>, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1edf chi\u1ec1u d\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng 78,63 \u0111\u1ebfn 53,56 %. <\/p>\n <\/sup><\/sup> <\/p>\n \u0110\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00e2y b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n nh\u1eb1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n.X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1eafng, tu\u1ed5i c\u00e2y 23 n\u0103m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1ed1i \u0111a 47.5 cm, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 12 cm, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e0nh ng\u1ecdn 35 % , t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1ecf 18-20 %. Khi x\u1ebb, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u1ed7 x\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea1t 50,93 %, b\u00eca b\u1eafp 40,41 %, m\u00f9n c\u01b0a 8 %. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u1edf g\u1ea7n t\u00e2m g\u1ed7 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, g\u1ed7 b\u1ecb xo\u1eafn v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb nhi\u1ec1u. Theo th\u1eddi gian, g\u1ed7\u1edf v\u00f9ng g\u1ea7n t\u00e2m g\u1ed7 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng . <\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thanh g\u1ed7 gh\u00e9pv\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1m d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a 2 lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed7b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n v\u00e0 tr\u00e0m b\u00f4ng v\u00e0ngkhi t\u1ea1o v\u00e1n gh\u00e9p . Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u\u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ebb thanh l\u00e0 g\u1ed7 x\u1ebb, chi\u1ec1u d\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p g\u1ed7 S = 5 cm. \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m trung b\u00ecnh W = 8-9 %. V\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 1m , c\u00e1c thanh g\u1ed7 gh\u00e9p b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng cong c\u1ea3 theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ea7y v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c thanh g\u1ed7 tr\u00e0m b\u00f4ng v\u00e0ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng . Khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00e1m d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thanh g\u1ed7 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n, tr\u00e0m b\u00f4ng v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i keo b\u1ed9t WP do Wood master Private Enterprise PTE s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 keo FN-309 do x\u01b0\u1edfng H\u00f3a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p S\u01a1n \u0110\u00f4ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t . Khi d\u00e1n c\u00e1c thanh g\u1ed7 b\u1eb1ng keo WP , \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng keo v\u1edbi g\u1ed7 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1t 122,6 kg\/cm2<\/sup>, v\u1edbi g\u1ed7 tr\u00e0m b\u00f4ng v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1t99, 2 kg\/cm2 <\/sup>. Khi d\u00e1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng keo FN-309 <\/sup>\u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e1n c\u00e1c thanh g\u1ed7, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng keo v\u1edbig\u1ed7 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1t 31,91 kg\/cm2 <\/sup>, v\u1edbi g\u1ed7 tr\u00e0m b\u00f4ng v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1t 25,27 kg\/cm2<\/sup>. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng keo s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 200-300 gr\/m2 <\/sup>, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u00e9p khi d\u00e1n p = 2-4 kg\/cm2<\/sup> , th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t = 2-3 gi\u1edd. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n D\u1eeba n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Nam B\u1ed9, c\u1ecdng d\u1eeba n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u sau khi thu ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 d\u1eeba.C\u1ecdng d\u1eeba n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u0103m nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh d\u0103m, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u00e2m d\u0103m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 r\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y ly t\u00e2m. Sau khi r\u1eeda, d\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o v\u00e1n, d\u0103m c\u1ecdng d\u1eeba n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng Ure-foormaldehyde. V\u00e1n v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch 730 kg\/m3<\/sup> c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n u\u1ed1n t\u0129nh 121 kg\/cm2 <\/sup>, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e3n n\u1edf d\u1ea7y sau 24 gi\u1edd ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc 15.5%. V\u00e1n \u00e9p c\u1ecdng d\u1eeba n\u01b0\u1edbct\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u00e1n d\u0103m g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u01b0a d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u1eb5n, b\u1eaft v\u00edt, \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh, d\u00e1n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trang tr\u00ed b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng v\u00e1n c\u1ecdng d\u1eeba n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trang tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9c gia d\u1ee5ng. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ecfi trong kho\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u00e3o ho\u00e1, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7. Th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 v\u00e1n d\u0103m, v\u00e1n s\u1ee3i s\u1ebd ng\u1eafn \u0111i. \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m cho v\u00e1n d\u0103m. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i v\u00e1n d\u0103m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u00e3n n\u1edf d\u1ea7y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i v\u00e1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i v\u00e1n d\u0103m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 m\u1ec1m, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng cao. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n Trong th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y do c\u00f3 g\u1ed7 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nhc\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed7 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e1n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 v\u00e1n d\u0103m, v\u00e1n gh\u00e9p thanh, v\u00e1n s\u1ee3i. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i s\u1ebd gh\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a 1 s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1ig\u1ed7 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e1n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, Vi\u1ec7n Khoa H\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gh\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. <\/p>\n T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1967 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1974 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p keo Phenol-formaldehyd v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 phenol t\u1ea1p Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean thu h\u1ed3i khi c\u1ed1c h\u00f3a than \u0111\u00e1. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c cho v\u00e1n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p keo Ur\u00ea-formaldehyd d\u00f9ng cho v\u00e1n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m v\u00e1n s\u1ee3i \u00e9p t\u1eeb ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u n\u1ee9a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u01b0\u1edbt v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh l\u00e0 keo phenol t\u1ea1p Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean. \u0110\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3t d\u00e1n c\u0169ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh n\u00e0y. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 V\u1ea1ng tr\u1ee9ng, Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t c\u01a1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[11],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/518"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=518"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/518\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8750,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/518\/revisions\/8750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=518"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=518"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=518"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}