{"id":514,"date":"2005-07-31T22:28:44","date_gmt":"2005-07-31T22:28:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.dungnq.local\/2005\/07\/31\/nghien-cuu-lam-sinh-thanh-tuu\/"},"modified":"2013-10-06T09:00:25","modified_gmt":"2013-10-06T02:00:25","slug":"nghien-cuu-lam-sinh-thanh-tuu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/nghien-cuu-lam-sinh-thanh-tuu\/","title":{"rendered":"Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e2m sinh, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e2m sinh, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u <\/p>\n

v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi <\/p>\n

*********** <\/p>\n

TS. TR\u1ea7n Quang Vi\u1ec7t. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e2m sinh h\u1ecdc \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta trong m\u1ea5y th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng,nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. T\u1eebkhi ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng c\u00f2n phong ph\u00fa nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean g\u1ed7 r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t nam. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc cho nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sau n\u00e0y. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

I. m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e2m sinh<\/h1>\n

<\/b> <\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1980-1985 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kinh doanh r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c khai th\u00e1c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e1i sinh, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n k\u1ef3 khai th\u00e1c, tu\u1ed5i khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9uc\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng LRTX trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc Lung (1983) v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh “Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy ph\u1ea1m khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7” \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “r\u1eebng chu\u1ea9n” v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2m sinh l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng khu r\u1eebng kinh doanh t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t r\u1eebng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn. T\u00e1cgi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho r\u1eebng b\u1ecb xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed5 sung quy tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 ban h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1963. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00f4ng Qu\u00e2n (1983-1984) c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u1eebng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e2m sinh \u0111\u00e3\u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 r\u1eebng ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ngh\u00e8o \u0111i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng (1984) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh “M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e2m sinh trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kinh doanh r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u1ed7n giao l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng”, “Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c khai th\u00e1c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng” \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 su\u1ea5t c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 cho khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng r\u1eebng. V\u0169 \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (1988) “Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf” \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau l\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1eabu c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh t\u1ebf cho t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1eebng theo c\u00e1c m\u1eabu chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea3o Huy (1993) \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u1eabu chu\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac N\/D1,3<\/sub> chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng b\u1eb1ng l\u0103ng T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac N\/D1,3<\/sub> theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chu\u1ea9n. <\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc quan t\u00e2m t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm. N\u0103m 1918, Chevalier \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng B\u1eafc b\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh 10 ki\u1ec3u trong “Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea nh\u1eefng l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n B\u1eafc B\u1ed9” (Chevalier .1918). N\u0103m 1943, Mourand \u0111\u00e3 chia ra 8 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 trong ba v\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (B\u1eafc, Trung, Nam). N\u0103m 1953, Maurand \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Rollet, L\u00fd V\u0103n H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Neang sam Oil. N\u0103m 1956, D\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00e0m Hy m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 L\u00e2m h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u00f4c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1eebng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam.Nghi\u00eam Xu\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfp c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Maurand v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00e0mHy. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau. <\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1960, C\u1ee5c \u0110i\u1ec1u tra quy ho\u1ea1ch r\u1eebng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Loschau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e2m sinh. R\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 4 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh: <\/p>\n

-Lo\u1ea1i I: g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5t hoang tr\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3ng c\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i, tr\u00ean lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng. <\/p>\n

-Lo\u1ea1i II: g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng r\u1eebng non, c\u1ea7n khoanh nu\u00f4i hay l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u. <\/p>\n

-Lo\u1ea1i III: g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean ngh\u00e8o ki\u1ec7t, c\u1ea7n nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u. <\/p>\n

-Lo\u1ea1i IV: nh\u1eefng r\u1eebng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u00edt t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng hay ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. <\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ngo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e2m sinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i Loschau l\u00e0 tuy c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 chia c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh r\u1eebng l\u00e0: th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Tuy nhi\u00ean 3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng r\u1eebng tu\u1ef3 theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nguy\u00ean sinh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9sinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e2m sinh th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. <\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1970, Tr\u1ea7n Ng\u0169 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. B\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i chia r\u1eebng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc th\u00e0nh ba \u0111ai l\u1edbn : \u0110ai r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi m\u01b0a m\u00f9a, \u0111ai r\u1eebng \u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi m\u01b0a m\u00f9a, \u0111ai r\u1eebng \u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi m\u01b0a m\u00f9 n\u00fai cao. Trong m\u1ed7i \u0111ai, ph\u00e2n c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1eebng, m\u1ed7i ki\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u ph\u1ee5 th\u1ed5 nh\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u ph\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 sinh. Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t hai lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u01b0u th\u1ebf. <\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Ng\u0169 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u r\u1eebng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, ki\u1ec3u ph\u1ee5 th\u1ed5 nh\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ki\u1ec3u ph\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 sinh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y, lo\u00e0i \u01b0u th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5.Tr\u1eebnh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (l\u1ea7y m\u1eb7n, c\u00e1t) ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u00edt lo\u00e0i sinh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u01b0u th\u1ebf r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. <\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1970, Th\u00e1i V\u0103n Tr\u1eebng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u0103n c\u1ee9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean 5 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t sinh: <\/p>\n

* Nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd- \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh (v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 cao) <\/p>\n

* Nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu – thu\u1ef7 v\u0103n ; Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t , ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m. <\/p>\n

* Nh\u00f3mkhu h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. <\/p>\n

* Nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1 m\u1eb9 – th\u1ed5 nh\u01b0\u1ee1ng. <\/p>\n

* Nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 sinh v\u1eadt – con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3cchia th\u00e0nh 14 ki\u1ec3u th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt.Trong m\u1ed7iki\u1ec3u, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 sinh th\u00e1i ph\u00e1t sinh qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3, h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac qu\u1ea7n h\u1ec7; th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u ph\u1ee5, c\u00e1c \u01b0u h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt; chia ki\u1ec3u ph\u1ee5 mi\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. <\/p>\n

Trong 14 ki\u1ec3u r\u1eebng, ki\u1ec3u r\u1eebng k\u00edn th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh m\u01b0a \u1ea9m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u phong ph\u00fa nh\u1ea5t. <\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e2m sinh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb khoanh nu\u00f4i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n tra d\u1eb7m th\u00eam h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ed5 sung… Th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o r\u1eebng m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea7u r\u1eebng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0m gi\u1ea7u theo b\u0103ng, r\u1ea1ch. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi qui m\u00f4 kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf do ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u00e2m h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i. Quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i trong c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m sinh th\u00e1i c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn do v\u1eady m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy v\u1eady c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 m\u1edf t\u00e1n k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea7u sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng.Nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng r\u1eebng sau khai th\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 sau n\u0103m 1975 v\u00e0 th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 80 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e2m sinhtrong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng r\u1eebng. V\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2m sinh trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e2y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng cho r\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho r\u1eebng ph\u1ee5 h\u1ed3i b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho kinh doanh chu k\u1ef3 sau. \u0110\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i s\u00e2u th\u00eam v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, n\u00ean c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o d\u00e2y leo b\u1ee5i r\u1eadm. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. <\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0169ng ta quan t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quan tr\u1ecdng – T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1c c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t NLKH \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh do ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc. Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc B\u00ecnh & c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. Ti\u1ebfp sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u0111a t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng k\u00e8m c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eadu c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i T\u1ee7a Ch\u00f9a Lai Ch\u00e2u, L\u1ea1i B\u1eb1ng-Hu\u1ebf, Y\u00ean L\u1eadp- Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd v.v\u2026M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sau n\u0103m 1986 v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u1eddn r\u1eebng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. <\/p>\n

Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea5p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc 1990-1995 v\u1ec1 “Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c r\u1eebng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p” g\u1ed3m 14 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i s\u00e2u gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n chia v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t (\u0110\u1ed7 \u0110inh S\u00e2m). Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00e2m canh r\u1eebng c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn (V\u0169 Bi\u1ec7t Linh) v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m lo\u00e0i sinh th\u00e1i trong r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i C\u00e2\u00f9 Hai r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng. V\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3ng canh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng th\u00e2m canh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 n\u00e9t. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u00e2m canh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn, ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0th\u00e2m canh c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba “N\u00e2ng cao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00e2m canh r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng…” (Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n T\u00fd) trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eadu c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cho r\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1eadt hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. V\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9icho c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u00f9ng trung t\u00e2m mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc (Ph\u00f9ng Ng\u1ecdc Lan). V\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n mi\u1ec1n trung v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng sinh th\u00e1i (Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m theo v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho v\u00f9ng n\u00fai T\u00e2y nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu long. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i “Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1eebng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu…”. (Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh H\u01b0ng) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi 78 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 4 lo\u00e0i b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 74 lo\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng cho to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c (Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Qu\u00e1t 1990-1994) v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng cho r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee7 xanh \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111inh 327 (Tr\u1ea7n Quang Vi\u1ec7t, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 Ch\u1ea5t, Cao Quang Ngh\u0129a, V\u00f5 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ea3i. 1997-1998) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 su\u1ea5t 70 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y cho c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng-y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc khi g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. <\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u1ea5p ng\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

II. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e2m sinh trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

2.1-Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/i><\/b>: C\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 cho c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m l\u00e0: <\/p>\n

\u00b7Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng ch\u00ednh \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta (RTX, R\u1eebng kh\u1ed9p, R\u1eebng th\u00f4ng, R\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n) \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u00e2m h\u1ecdc, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, <\/p>\n

\u00b7Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u00e2m h\u1ecdc lo\u00e0iv\u00e0 nh\u00f3m lo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh r\u1eebng. <\/p>\n

\u00b7Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eebng sau khai th\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng r\u1eebng.C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea7u r\u1eebng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ngay sau khi khai th\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u r\u1eebng chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. <\/p>\n

\u00b7Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau cho khai th\u00e1c C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9, lu\u00e2n k\u1ef3, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u…v.v ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh r\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u g\u1ed7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7n nay, sao cho \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kinh doanh r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khai th\u00e1c \u00edt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u1edbi chu k\u1ef3 ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c r\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. <\/p>\n

\u00b7Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, quuy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i, s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v.v\u2026 <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2.2- Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng, N\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p.<\/i><\/b> <\/p>\n

\u00b7Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc nhanh k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh t\u1ebf. <\/p>\n

\u00b7Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00e2m canh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 (c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ed3ng). Cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1ecdc nhanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u00e0m… ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng m\u1ed9c cho trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. <\/p>\n

\u00b7C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m , l\u00e2m n\u00f4ng, l\u00e2m ng\u01b0 , l\u00e2m s\u00fac ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u th\u00eam, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i di d\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n. <\/p>\n

\u00b7Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u0111a t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ngo\u00e0i g\u1ed7 cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i r\u1eebng. G\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00e1m l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng qua bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 gh\u00e9p c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng d\u00f3 tr\u1ea7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 sinh tr\u1ea7m, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sa nh\u00e2n, ba k\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1n, K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2y s\u1edf cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, Ph\u1ee5c tr\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2y h\u1ed3i \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o (gh\u00e9p c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o r\u1eebng) \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3. <\/p>\n

\u00b7Nh\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7cnh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y lai c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i T\u1ebfch, B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n, th\u00f4ng, h\u00f4ng, l\u00f5i th\u1ecd v.v.. <\/p>\n

\u00b7Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00eam c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng nh\u1eb1m cung c\u1ea5p g\u1ed7 cho h\u00e0ng m\u1ed9c (g\u00e1o, ch\u1eafp tay, c\u00e1ng l\u00f2..) <\/p>\n

\u00b7Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh quan. <\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n nay nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ch\u1ed1ng s\u00f3i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 canh t\u00e1c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e2m sinh h\u1ecdc \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta trong m\u1ea5y th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. T\u1eeb khi ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng c\u00f2n phong ph\u00fa nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean g\u1ed7 r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t nam. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc cho nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sau n\u00e0y. <\/p>\n

I. m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e2m sinh<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1980-1985 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kinh doanh r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c khai th\u00e1c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e1i sinh, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n k\u1ef3 khai th\u00e1c, tu\u1ed5i khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng LRTX trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[44],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/514"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=514"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/514\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8746,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/514\/revisions\/8746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=514"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=514"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}