Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh Tam, Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1ea1nh, <\/b><\/i><\/p>\n
Ho\u00e0ng Nguy\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7t Hoa<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
Trung t\u00e2m<\/i>\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng KHKT L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p<\/i><\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i><\/p>\n
Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng (Canarium album<\/i> Raeusch) l\u00e0 c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao t\u1eeb 20-30m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngang ng\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1t 50-70cm, th\u00e2n tr\u00f2n th\u1eb3ng, t\u00e1n r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e1 xanh quanh n\u0103m. Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111a m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
G\u1ed7 tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng m\u1ec1m, nh\u1eb9, th\u1edb m\u1ecbn, d\u1ec5 b\u00f3c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u g\u1ed7 d\u00e1n, \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u00f9ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda. Trong b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh H\u01b0ng 1999) th\u00ec tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m 1 d\u00f9ng cho g\u1ed7 d\u00e1n…<\/p>\n
Nh\u1ef1a tr\u00e1m d\u00f9ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa, s\u01a1n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 xi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e0y. Trong 100 kg nh\u1ef1a tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 18-20kg tinh d\u1ea7u, 57-60kg c\u00f4l\u00f4phan. Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 d\u00e2n \u1edf Ho\u00e0nh B\u1ed3, Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh c\u00e2y tr\u00e1m c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 30cm \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khai th\u00e1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 8-9 th\u00e1ng, m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng cho b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb 4-5kg nh\u1ef1a\/c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n
Qu\u1ea3 tr\u00e1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u00f4 mai, l\u00e0m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa ho, gi\u1ea3i r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c. Qu\u1ea3 tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Theo \u0111i\u1ec1u tra s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i th\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 d\u00e2n \u1edf v\u00f9ng Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh, H\u00e0 T\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh v\u00f9ng n\u00fai ph\u00eda B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y tr\u00e1m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i trong r\u1eebng, trong c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n thu h\u00e0ng n\u0103m r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. M\u1ed7i c\u00e2y tr\u00e1m c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngang ng\u1ef1c t\u1eeb 30cm tr\u1edf l\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu 100kg \u2013 300kg qu\u1ea3\/ m\u00f9a v\u00e0 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 t\u1eeb 3.000\u0111-4.000\u0111\/kg th\u00ec m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho t\u1eeb 300.000\u0111 \u0111\u1ebfn 1 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/ n\u0103m.<\/p>\n
Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111a m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u00e2m, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh trong nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh trung du mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Trung. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng t\u1eadp trung ch\u01b0a m\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0: ch\u1ecdn l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7,… Do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1995 \u0111\u1ebfn 1999 B\u1ed9 L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p (nay l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 NN&PTNT) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i “Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e2m sinh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng nh\u1eb1m cung c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho g\u1ed7 d\u00e1n l\u1ea1ng”. \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ban h\u00e0nh “Quy ph\u1ea1m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng”.<\/i><\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi 5 tri\u1ec7u ha r\u1eebng, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1999 B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n N\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i: “X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi 5 tri\u1ec7u ha r\u1eebng”. <\/i><\/b>\u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i do Trung t\u00e2m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng KHKT L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i-V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n
I. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/b><\/p>\n
1.1. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00b7 \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e2m sinh tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o c\u00e2y con b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p<\/p>\n
1.2. N\u1ed9i dung<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00b7 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p<\/p>\n
\u00b7 X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n
\u00b7 X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p.<\/p>\n
1.3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00b7 K\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh th\u00e1i th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n
\u00b7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u<\/p>\n
2.1. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u 2 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh: \u0110i\u1ec1u tra tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2y m\u1eb9:<\/i><\/p>\n
– Qua \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u00e2y tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y tr\u00e1m m\u1ecdc r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, trong v\u01b0\u1eddn h\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 50 c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngang ng\u1ef1c t\u1eeb 50cm tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sai qu\u1ea3, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t 100kg\/v\u1ee5\/c\u00e2y. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp l\u00fd l\u1ecbch theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2n L\u1ea1c (Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh), Ba V\u00ec (H\u00e0 T\u00e2y), C\u00fac Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (Ninh B\u00ecnh). \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
– Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e2y gh\u00e9p ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o v\u01b0\u1eddn gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y hom t\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1m T\u00e2n L\u1ea1c-Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh. Hi\u1ec7n nay v\u01b0\u1eddn gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 6 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c nhau: Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh, H\u00e0 T\u00e2y, Ninh B\u00ecnh, B\u1eafc Ninh, Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p:<\/i><\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p: gh\u00e9p n\u00eam v\u00e0 gh\u00e9p \u00e1p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
– T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e2y gh\u00e9p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1eeb 50-70%.<\/p>\n
– Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p n\u00eam v\u00e0 gh\u00e9p \u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 nhau, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Gh\u00e9p n\u00eam d\u1ec5 thi c\u00f4ng, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gh\u00e9p d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecdn, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, c\u00e2y y\u1ebfu, n\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p gi\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay b\u1ecb g\u00e3y; gh\u00e9p \u00e1p kh\u00f3 thi c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi tay ngh\u1ec1 cao, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gh\u00e9p kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n, c\u00e2y kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n
– V\u1ec1 th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 gh\u00e9p b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u cho th\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n: t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng cao, c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh.<\/p>\n
2.2. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng<\/b><\/p>\n
2.2.1. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
\u00b7 B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m:<\/i><\/p>\n
K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y (1995-1999) do nh\u00f3m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea5y: tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u01b0a b\u00f3ng \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u (t\u1eeb 1-4 tu\u1ed5i), sau \u0111\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i 5-6 tr\u1edf \u0111i th\u00ec \u01b0a s\u00e1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Do v\u1eady r\u1eebng tr\u00e1m m\u1edbi tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o c\u00e2y che ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho tr\u00e1m sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng c\u00e2y c\u1ed1t kh\u00ed che ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0n che th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e2y tr\u00e1m v\u1eeba c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00e1m c\u00f3 xen keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng trong r\u1ea1ch \u1edf r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ngh\u00e8o ki\u1ec7t hay ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u1eadp trung x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c1<\/u>: <\/b>(Tr\u00e1m + keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng): Ph\u00e1t tr\u1eafng th\u1ef1c b\u00ec, d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch sau \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng 1600c\u00e2y\/ha (3x2m), trong \u0111\u00f3 Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng 800c\u00e2y\/ha, Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng 800c\u00e2y\/ha. Tr\u00e1m v\u00e0 Keo tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, h\u1ed7n giao theo h\u00e0ng, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y gieo m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng c\u1ed1t kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c 2<\/u>: <\/b>(Tr\u00e1m + c\u1ed1t kh\u00ed): Th\u1ef1c b\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tr\u1eafng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 1600c\u00e2y\/ha (3x2m). Gi\u1eefa hai h\u00e0ng tr\u00e1m gieo m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng c\u1ed1t kh\u00ed d\u00e0y, c\u1ed1t kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo sau khi cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1 xong.<\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c 3<\/u>:<\/b>(Tr\u00e1m tr\u1ed3ng trong r\u1ea1ch): H\u1ea1 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 3m, m\u1edf c\u00e1c r\u1ea1ch song song, r\u1ea1ch r\u1ed9ng 2m, t\u00e2m r\u1ea1ch c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u nhau 8m. Tr\u00ean r\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c b\u00ec v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng Tr\u00e1m \u1edf gi\u1eefa, c\u00e2y c\u00e1ch c\u00e2y 2m.<\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c 4<\/u>: <\/b>(C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng): Ph\u00e1t tr\u1eafng th\u1ef1c b\u00ec, d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch sau \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 1600c\u00e2y\/ha, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y che ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong 3 n\u0103m 1999 \u0111\u1ebfn 2001 v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 15ha t\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung cho c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c 1 v\u00e0 2. Ri\u00eang trong n\u0103m 1999 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 4 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00eau tr\u00ean nh\u1eb1m kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n giao v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Trong th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 1999 t\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao:<\/i><\/p>\n
S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111o \u0111\u1ebfm sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh 1 n\u0103m 1 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m, ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau \u0111o \u0111\u1ebfm g\u1ed3m: chi\u1ec1u cao v\u00fat ng\u1ecdn, chi\u1ec1u cao d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e0nh; \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh g\u1ed1c; \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong bi\u1ec3u 1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n
Bi\u1ec3u 1:<\/i> Sinh tr\u00ad\u01b0\u1edfng Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/i><\/p>\n
(R\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng 4 tu\u1ed5i t\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh)<\/i><\/p>\n C.ti\u00eau<\/b><\/p>\n L\u1ea7n \u0111o<\/b><\/td>\n (cm)<\/b><\/td>\n (cm)<\/b><\/td>\n (cm)<\/b><\/td>\n (cm)<\/b><\/td>\n (cm)<\/b><\/td>\n (cm)<\/b><\/td>\n (cm)<\/b><\/td>\n (cm)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Qua bi\u1ec3u tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta r\u00fat ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n – Sau khi tr\u1ed3ng 1 n\u0103m th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n – T\u1eeb n\u0103m th\u1ee9 2 tr\u1edf \u0111i th\u00ec l\u1edbp th\u1ef1c b\u00ec che ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng.<\/p>\n – So s\u00e1nh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c cho th\u1ea5y: Trong 4 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u00ec tr\u00e1m tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed1t kh\u00ed che ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng (S%) b\u00e9 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Ba c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, tuy \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhau m\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t. Ri\u00eang hai c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ed3ng trong r\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e2y keo ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh r\u1eebng tr\u00e1m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, tuy nhi\u00ean hai c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u00e0n che c\u1ee7a keo v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c b\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, \u0111\u00fang k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb n\u0103m th\u1ee9 2 tr\u1edf \u0111i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng keo v\u00e0 l\u1edbp th\u1ef1c b\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd l\u1ea5n \u00e1t c\u00e2y tr\u00e1m.<\/p>\n (xem bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed1 1,2 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y)<\/p>\n Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 1:<\/i><\/b>Sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c TN<\/i><\/p>\n Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 2:<\/i> Sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng chi\u1ec1u cao tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c TN<\/i><\/p>\n \u00b7 T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng:<\/i><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p trong bi\u1ec3u 2 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n Bi\u1ec3u 2: T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/i><\/p>\n C.ti\u00eau<\/b><\/p>\n Tu\u1ed5i<\/b><\/td>\n (cm)<\/b><\/td>\n (m)<\/b><\/td>\n (cm)<\/b><\/td>\n (m)<\/b><\/td>\n (cm)<\/b><\/td>\n (m)<\/b><\/td>\n (cm)<\/b><\/td>\n (m)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Qua bi\u1ec3u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y: sau khi tr\u1ed3ng 1 n\u0103m th\u00ec th\u1ef1c b\u00ec che ph\u1ee7 ch\u01b0a \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m th\u1ee9 2 tr\u1edf \u0111i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1. Trong 4 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00e1m c\u00f3 c\u1ed1t kh\u00ed che ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3 chi\u1ec1u cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cao h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. Hai c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 keo ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng trong r\u1ea1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m th\u1ee9 3 tr\u1edf \u0111i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eefng l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a keo v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y t\u00e1i sinh c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp r\u1eebng c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1m. Ri\u00eang c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u1eeb n\u0103m th\u1ee9 2 tr\u1edf \u0111i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n nay (r\u1eebng 4 tu\u1ed5i) th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed1t kh\u00ed l\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 keo ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng trong r\u1ea1ch, th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng. (xem bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed1 3)<\/p>\n Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 3:L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n H v\u00e0 Doo \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/i><\/p>\n \u00b7 T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/i><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00e1m, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i 3 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c b\u00ec kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n – \u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e2u 0,7 – 1,0m (T\u00e2n L\u1ea1c, HB)<\/p>\n – \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u0169, t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t trung b\u00ecnh 0,5 m (K\u1ef3 S\u01a1n, HB)<\/p>\n – \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc c\u00f3 c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c, t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,3 m (\u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i, VP)<\/p>\n S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111o \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2003 c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng 3 tu\u1ed5i (tr\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 2001) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p trong bi\u1ec3u 3 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n Bi\u1ec3u 3:Sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c nhau<\/i><\/p>\n Ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau<\/b><\/td>\n (t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e2u)<\/b><\/td>\n (t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t TB)<\/b><\/td>\n (t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Qua b\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y: tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e2u tr\u00ean 0,7m sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng chi\u1ec1u cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh g\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 so v\u1edbi tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c, c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u0169ng \u00edt s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh h\u01a1n. Tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u0169, t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t trung b\u00ecnh, c\u00e2y tr\u00e1m c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh. Ri\u00eang tr\u00ean d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea5u, t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng tr\u00e1m sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t k\u00e9m. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00e1m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 qua s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, hy v\u1ecdng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 4:Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba<\/i><\/p>\n 2.2.2. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng tr\u00e1m v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n Sau khi t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2y gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 6ha m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y gh\u00e9p, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau: C\u00e2y gh\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn 1 n\u0103m v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea7u 18x25cm, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng 330 c\u00e2y\/ha (c\u1ef1 ly 6 m x 5 m), h\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1c 50x50x50cm, b\u00f3n l\u00f3t 5kg ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng + 1kg ph\u00e2n vi sinh\/h\u1ed1, c\u00f3 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y che ph\u1ee7 ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 3 l\u1ea7n\/n\u0103m (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t th\u1ef1c b\u00ec, x\u1edbi v\u00e0 vun quanh g\u1ed1c r\u1ed9ng 1m). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 theo d\u00f5i sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 2001 cho th\u1ea5y:<\/p>\n – T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ean 90%<\/p>\n – Chi\u1ec1u cao trung b\u00ecnh 1,10m.<\/p>\n – \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1t 0,85m<\/p>\n – C\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n trong v\u01b0\u1eddn h\u1ed9 v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean r\u1eebng, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn h\u1ed9 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 50 – 90% so v\u1edbi tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3i. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2y tr\u00e1m v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n III. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/b><\/p>\n 3.1. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/b><\/p>\n Qua k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n – Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf cao ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec9nh trung du v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Trung, tr\u00e1m l\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng tr\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh r\u1eebng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n – Tr\u00e1m sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c b\u00ec che ph\u1ee7 hay n\u01a1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n – Tr\u00e1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00e2y ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed3ng trong r\u1ea1ch, c\u00e2y ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t kh\u00ed. Ri\u00eang tr\u1ed3ng xen keo v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng trong r\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n che k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng cho c\u00e0nh nh\u00e1nh che \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u1ecdn tr\u00e1m.<\/p>\n – Tr\u00e1m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p, hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p \u00e1p v\u00e0 gh\u00e9p n\u00eam \u0111\u1ec1u cho t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00e2y t\u1eeb 40 – 60%. Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 gh\u00e9p tr\u00e1m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 xu\u00e2n (th\u00e1ng 2-3).<\/p>\n – H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n trong v\u01b0\u1eddn h\u1ed9 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cao \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e2y tr\u00e1m nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 cho sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n 3.2. Ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/b><\/p>\n – \u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a nhanh c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kinh ph\u00ed t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n, chuy\u1ec3n giao k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n – Sau khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kinh ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n 1) Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 1994. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gieo tr\u1ed3ng Tr\u00e1m.<\/p>\n 2) Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n L\u00ea, L\u01b0u Ph\u1ea1m Ho\u00e0nh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng t\u1ea1i H\u1eefu L\u0169ng \u2013 L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n. Th\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u B\u1ed9 LN, 1985.<\/p>\n 3) Tri\u1ec7u H\u00f9ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra sinh th\u00e1i c\u00e2y Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng \u2013 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc \u2013 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, 1992.<\/p>\n 4) Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh Tam, Tr\u1ea7n L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng. G\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng (C.album R.)-Th\u00f4ng tin KHKT l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, 1998<\/p>\n 5) Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh Tam, Tr\u1ea7n L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng \u2013 1999.<\/p>\n Summary.<\/b><\/p>\n C. album<\/i>is a large-sized indigenous tree species of high economic value. Wood of C.album<\/i> is used for common furniture making, house construction and as plywood raw material. C.album<\/i> resin is used in soap, scent and synthetic paint industries and as electric insulation substance and shoe polish. C.album<\/i> fruit is used as foodsfuff, sugared dry canari and antipoison preparation. The research subject makes use of the previous research results on C.album<\/i> forest planting technique of the FSIV (1995-1999) to establish forest planting models for two purposes: timber and fruit. The research subject is managed by the Forest Science and Techniques Application Centre and has been implemented in the 1999-2004 period in Hoa Binh and Vinh Phuc.The research subject has succeeded in developing grafting method for C.album<\/i> (Survival of the grafts is 70%; 50 mother trees of high yield of 3 different provenances have been selected to supply branches for grafting; the models have been established on 15 ha (6 ha for fruit, 9 ha for timber) The models are now performing well, survival rate is over 90%. Plantations in 1999 attain mean height of 4.9m and diameter at tree base 8.7cm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng (Canarium album Raeusch) l\u00e0 c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao t\u1eeb 20-30m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngang ng\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1t 50-70cm, th\u00e2n tr\u00f2n th\u1eb3ng, t\u00e1n r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e1 xanh quanh n\u0103m. Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111a m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/485"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=485"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/485\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19111,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/485\/revisions\/19111"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=485"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=485"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=485"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n\n
\n C.th\u1ee9c<\/b><\/p>\n Tr\u00e1m + Keo<\/b><\/td>\n Tr\u00e1m + c\u1ed1t kh\u00ed<\/b><\/td>\n Tr\u00e1m trong r\u1ea1ch<\/b><\/td>\n \u0110\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n D00<\/sub><\/b><\/p>\n Hvn<\/b><\/p>\n D00<\/sub><\/b><\/p>\n Hvn<\/b><\/p>\n D00<\/sub><\/b><\/p>\n Hvn<\/b><\/p>\n D00<\/sub><\/b><\/p>\n Hvn<\/b><\/p>\n \n 1999<\/td>\n 0,53<\/td>\n 0,56<\/td>\n 0,45<\/td>\n 0,57<\/td>\n 0,47<\/td>\n 0,55<\/td>\n 0,43<\/td>\n 0,57<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 2000<\/td>\n 1,60<\/td>\n 1,15<\/td>\n 1,55<\/td>\n 1,25<\/td>\n 1,42<\/td>\n 1,20<\/td>\n 1,57<\/td>\n 1,05<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 2001<\/td>\n 3,10<\/td>\n 2,15<\/td>\n 3,50<\/td>\n 2,35<\/td>\n 2,90<\/td>\n 2,05<\/td>\n 2,95<\/td>\n 1,85<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 2002<\/td>\n 4,90<\/td>\n 3,30<\/td>\n 5,95<\/td>\n 3,55<\/td>\n 4,65<\/td>\n 3,10<\/td>\n 4,45<\/td>\n 2,60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 2003<\/td>\n 6,65<\/td>\n 4,50<\/td>\n 8,70<\/td>\n 4,90<\/td>\n 6,50<\/td>\n 4,20<\/td>\n 5,50<\/td>\n 3,36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n S% (2003)<\/td>\n 26,9<\/td>\n 31,2<\/td>\n 19,1<\/td>\n 17,0<\/td>\n 24,5<\/td>\n 23,2<\/td>\n 22,6<\/td>\n 21,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \n\n
\n C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/b><\/p>\n Tr\u00e1m + Keo<\/b><\/td>\n Tr\u00e1m + c\u1ed1t kh\u00ed<\/b><\/td>\n Tr\u00e1m trong r\u1ea1ch<\/b><\/td>\n \u0110\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n ZDoo<\/b><\/p>\n ZH<\/b><\/p>\n ZDo<\/b><\/p>\n ZH<\/b><\/p>\n ZDo<\/b><\/p>\n ZH<\/b><\/p>\n ZDo<\/b><\/p>\n ZH<\/b><\/p>\n \n N\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\n 0,53<\/td>\n 0,56<\/td>\n 0,45<\/td>\n 0,57<\/td>\n 0,47<\/td>\n 0,55<\/td>\n 0,43<\/td>\n 0,57<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n N\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai<\/td>\n 1,07<\/td>\n 0,59<\/td>\n 1,10<\/td>\n 0,68<\/td>\n 0,95<\/td>\n 0,65<\/td>\n 1,14<\/td>\n 0,48<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n N\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba<\/td>\n 1,50<\/td>\n 1,00<\/td>\n 1,95<\/td>\n 1,10<\/td>\n 1,48<\/td>\n 0,85<\/td>\n 1,38<\/td>\n 0,80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n N\u0103m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u00ad<\/td>\n 1,80<\/td>\n 1,15<\/td>\n 2,45<\/td>\n 1,20<\/td>\n 1,75<\/td>\n 1,05<\/td>\n 1,50<\/td>\n 0,75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n B\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n<\/td>\n 1,75<\/td>\n 1,20<\/td>\n 2,75<\/td>\n 1,40<\/td>\n 1,85<\/td>\n 1,10<\/td>\n 1,05<\/td>\n 0,76<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \n\n
\n L\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba<\/b><\/p>\n Tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t RTN<\/b><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby c\u0169<\/b><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ea5t<\/b>tr\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c<\/b><\/p>\n \n Hvn(m)<\/td>\n 2,26<\/td>\n 1,85<\/td>\n 1,20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Doo(cm)<\/td>\n 3,25<\/td>\n 2,95<\/td>\n 1,70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/b><\/h3>\n