{"id":465,"date":"2005-07-16T05:07:57","date_gmt":"2005-07-16T05:07:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.dungnq.local\/2005\/07\/16\/buoc-dau-xay-dung-he-thong-phan-loai-hien-trang-su-dung-voi-cac-so-lieu-thu-thap-duoc-tu-anh-ve-tinh-tai-luu-vuc-phong-ho-dau-nguon-song-da-viet-nam-2\/"},"modified":"2013-10-07T11:20:16","modified_gmt":"2013-10-07T04:20:16","slug":"buoc-dau-xay-dung-he-thong-phan-loai-hien-trang-su-dung-voi-cac-so-lieu-thu-thap-duoc-tu-anh-ve-tinh-tai-luu-vuc-phong-ho-dau-nguon-song-da-viet-nam-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/buoc-dau-xay-dung-he-thong-phan-loai-hien-trang-su-dung-voi-cac-so-lieu-thu-thap-duoc-tu-anh-ve-tinh-tai-luu-vuc-phong-ho-dau-nguon-song-da-viet-nam-2\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh t\u1ea1i l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0, Vi\u1ec7t Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c(1)<\/sup>, Joosang Chung(2)<\/sup><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

(1). Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t <\/i>Nam<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n

(2). Khoa T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng, tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c gia <\/i>Seoul<\/i>, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c<\/i><\/p>\n

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1. <\/b>\u0110\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n nay, vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Namm\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c trong khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u1ea3 quan cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n. Trong v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p mang t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o (Naiman<\/i>, 1997). Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u00fd ngh\u0129a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t. Laurance v\u00e0 Bierregaard (1997) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 to l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3? ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Namnh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch che ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. ?<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong 1 v\u00e0i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd (Meaille and Wald, 1990<\/i>). S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 ?ngh\u0129a c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng gian, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u01b0u gi\u1eef s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5t. Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 che ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quang ph\u1ed5 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (Steininger, 1996<\/i>).<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh. Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng che ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Andersonv\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (M\u1ef9, 1976). C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m 2 c\u1ea5p; c\u1ea5p 1 g\u1ed3m 9 ki\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p 2 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p 1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 37 ki\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. T\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng, t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Gary Schaal (1988) cho bang Ohio, M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

\u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e1i V\u0103n Tr\u1eebng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 70, tuy nhi\u00ean h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t cho s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda T\u00e2y B\u1eafc v\u00f9ng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u1eb1m trong di\u1ec7n t\u00edch che ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a 2 t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh LANDSAT 5-TM (ch\u1ee5p ng\u00e0y 01\/02\/1993)<\/i> v\u00e0 LANDSAT7+ETM (ch\u1ee5p ng\u00e0y 27\/12\/1999<\/i>) v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u1ee5p Path\/Row l\u00e0 128\/45.<\/p>\n

2. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/b><\/p>\n

2.1. Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t khu v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u:<\/i><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Theo ta`i li\u1edd?u cu?a Paul V.d.P va` Nguy\u1edd~n Duy Khi\u1eddm (1993) S\u1ee5ng \u00e9a` ba\u00b4t ngu\u1ee5`n tu` Trung Qu\u1ee5\u00b4c vo\u00b4i t\u1ee5?ng chi\u1edd`u da`i trung bi`nh khoa?ng 980 km, ph\u00f5`n cha?y qua la~nh th\u1ee5? Vi\u1edd?t Nam la` 480 km. Luu vu?c pho`ng h\u1ee5? S\u1ee5ng \u00e9a` na`m tr\u1eddn di?a ba`n cu?a 5 ti?nh la` : Lai Ch\u00f5u (cu~), Son La, Hoa` Bi`nh, La`o Cai, Y\u1eddn Ba\u00b4i ( Hi`nh 1.a ). Theo s\u1ee5\u00b4 li\u1edd?u ti\u00b4nh toa\u00b4n duo?c tu` sa\u00b4ch Ni\u1eddn gia\u00b4m th\u1ee5\u00b4ng k\u1edd (2001), d\u1edd\u00b4n cu\u1ee5\u00b4i nam 2000, t\u1ee5?ng di\u1edd?n ti\u00b4ch d\u00f5\u00b4t dai tu? nhi\u1eddn toa`n khu vu?c la` 5.057.700 ha vo\u00b4i t\u1ee5?ng d\u00f5n s\u1ee5\u00b4 la` 3.592.600 nguo`i thu\u1ee5?c 23 d\u00f5n t\u1ee5?c anh em.<\/p>\n

Vu`ng pho`ng h\u1ee5? S\u1ee5ng \u00e9a` la` noi co\u00b4 di?a hi`nh hi\u1edd?m tro?, nhi\u1edd`u chia ca\u00b4t, vo\u00b4i h\u1edd? th\u1ee5\u00b4ng s\u1ee5ng su\u1ee5\u00b4i cha`ng chi?t, nhi\u1edd`u di?nh nu\u00b4i tai me`o vo\u00b4i d\u1ee5? cao trung bi`nh tr\u1eddn 500m va` di?nh cao nh\u00f5\u00b4t la` g\u00f5`n 3.200m.<\/p>\n

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(a) (b)<\/p>\n

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Hi`nh 1 : Vi? tri\u00b4 luu vu?c ru`ng pho`ng h\u1ee5? s\u1ee5ng \u00e9a` (a), va` vi? tri\u00b4 khu vu?c nghi\u1eddn cu\u00b4u du?a tr\u1eddn di\u1edd?n tich\u00b4 che phu? cu?a v\u1edd? tinh LANDSAT 5, 7 (b)<\/b><\/p>\n

( <\/b>Ngu\u1ee5`n : Paul.v.d.p & Nguy\u1edd~n Duy Khi\u1eddm; NASA )<\/i><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Luu vu?c pho`ng h\u1ee5? s\u1ee5ng \u00e9a` co\u00b4 d\u00f5?p thu?y di\u1edd?n Hoa` Bi`nh, ngu\u1ee5`n cung c\u00f5\u00b4p di\u1edd?n nang chi\u00b4nh cho ca? nuo\u00b4c. Ngoa`i ra, d\u00f5y co`n la` noi dang x\u00f5y du?ng m\u1ee5?t nha` ma\u00b4y thu?y di\u1edd?n kh\u1ee5?ng l\u1ee5` thu\u00b4 2 \u2013 thu?y di\u1edd?n Ta? Bu\u00b4. Tuy nhi\u1eddn, di\u1edd`u ki\u1edd?n s\u1ee5\u00b4ng cu?a nguo`i d\u00f5n ? d\u00f5y h\u1edd\u00b4t su\u00b4c kho\u00b4 khan, ngu\u1ee5`n ta`i nguy\u1eddn thi\u1eddn nhi\u1eddn bi? suy gia?m nhanh cho\u00b4ng, da?c bi\u1edd?t trong giai doa?n tu` 1993 \u2013 2000 bo?i ca\u00b4c bi\u1edd?n pha\u00b4p canh ta\u00b4c kh\u1ee5ng ho?p ly\u00b4 nhu du canh du cu, pha\u00b4t nuong la`m r\u00f5~y, khai tha\u00b4c ru`ng bu`a ba~i… Ma?t kha\u00b4c, d\u00f5y cu~ng la` noi da~ va` dang nh\u00f5?n duo?c nhi\u1edd`u su? quan t\u00f5m d\u00f5`u tu cu?a Nha` nuo\u00b4c va` ca\u00b4c t\u1ee5? chu\u00b4c qu\u1ee5\u00b4c t\u1edd\u00b4 trong vi\u1edd?c ba?o v\u1edd?, kh\u1ee5i phu?c va` pha\u00b4t tri\u1edd?n ngu\u1ee5`n ta`i nguy\u1eddn thi\u1eddn nhi\u1eddn, \u1ee5?n di?nh va` n\u00f5ng cao mu\u00b4c s\u1ee5\u00b4ng cho nguo`i d\u00f5n nhu chuong tri`nh 135\/CP, chuong tri`nh pha\u00b4t tri\u1edd?n l\u00f5m nghi\u1edd?p xa~ h\u1ee5?i vu`ng pho`ng h\u1ee5? s\u1ee5ng \u00e9a` ta`i tro? bo?i chi\u00b4nh phu? \u00e9u\u00b4c…<\/p>\n

Khu vu?c nghi\u1eddn cu\u00b4u na`m v\u1edd` phi\u00b4a Ba\u00b4c cu?a vu`ng pho`ng h\u1ee5? s\u1ee5ng \u00e9a`, du?a tr\u1eddn di\u1edd?n ti\u00b4ch thu duo?c tu` 2 t\u00f5\u00b4m a?nh v\u1edd? tinh Lansat -5 TM va` Landsat 7 + ETM, t\u1ee5?ng di\u1edd?n ti\u00b4ch che phu? khoa?ng 66% toa`n b\u1ee5? luu vu?c S\u1ee5ng \u00e9a` ( hi`nh 1.b).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2.2. V\u00f5?t li\u1edd?u nghi\u1eddn cu\u00b4u <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ee5`n s\u1ee5\u00b4 li\u1edd?u chi\u00b4nh duo?c su? du?ng trong nghi\u1eddn cu\u00b4u na`y la` 2 a?nh v\u1edd? tinh v\u1edd` khu vu?c duo?c cung c\u00f5\u00b4p tu` t\u1ee5? chu\u00b4c Kha?o sa\u00b4t di?a ly\u00b4 qu\u1ee5\u00b4c gia My~ (USGS) v?i c\u1ef1ng h? tr?c to? d? UTM, WGS84. Ca\u00b4c th\u1ee5ng s\u1ee5\u00b4 ky~ thu\u00f5?t chi\u00b4nh cu?a 2 a?nh v\u1edd? tinh duo?c th\u1edd? hi\u1edd?n o? ba?ng duo\u00b4i d\u00f5y:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ba?ng 1:<\/span><\/b> C\u1ecfc th\u1ee5ng s\u1ee5\u00b4 ky~ thu\u00f5?t co b?n c??a 2 ?nh v\u1edd? tinh<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

T\u1eddn<\/b><\/b>v\u1edd? tinh<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Ky\u00b4 hi\u1edd?u ca?m bi\u1edd\u00b4n<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

S\u1ee5\u00b4 luo?ng ca\u00b4c lo\u00b4p\/a?nh<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Cu? ly don vi? di\u1edd?m a?nh Pixel<\/b><\/p>\n

(<\/b>m<\/b>)<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Vi? tri\u00b4<\/b><\/p>\n

Path\/Row<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Ng\u00e0y th\u1ecf\u00b4ng nam chu?p<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Landsat 5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

TM<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

30.0x 30.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n128\/45<\/td>\n\n

01\/02\/1993<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Landsat 7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ETM+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

30.0 x 30.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n128\/45<\/td>\n\n

27\/12\/1999<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n

Ngoa`i ra, ca\u00b4c s\u1ee5\u00b4 li\u1edd?u kha\u00b4c nhu ba?n d\u1ee5` di?a hi`nh, ba?n d\u1ee5` hi\u1edd?n tra?ng …( ty? l\u1edd? 1\/100.000 ) cu?a khu vu?c nghi\u1eddn cu\u00b4u, ca\u00b4c s\u1ee5\u00b4 li\u1edd?u thu th\u00f5?p tu` kha?o sa\u00b4t thu?c di?a cu~ng duo?c su? du?ng d\u1edd? so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 kha?ng di?nh k\u1edd\u00b4t qua? nghi\u1eddn cu\u00b4u.<\/p>\n

2.3. <\/i><\/b>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

<\/i>Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Anderson (1976) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t cho khu v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong c\u1ea3 2 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1993 v\u00e0 1999 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 2 t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng( 1\/100.000), b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00e0nh 1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m 6 nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 : 1) \u0110\u1ea5t d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng; 2) \u0110\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n; 3) \u0110\u1ea5t ao h\u1ed3, m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc; 4) \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean; 5) \u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng-l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p; 6) Ch\u01b0a ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft (signature separability process) v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng ma tr\u1eadn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (contingency matrix). B\u1ea3ng ma tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng sau khi ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng con s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec ch\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean (ERDAS, 2001).<\/p>\n

To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh ERDAS IMAGINE 8.6.<\/p>\n

3. <\/b>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/b><\/p>\n

3.1. <\/i><\/b>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng \u0110<\/i><\/b>\u00e0<\/i><\/b>:<\/i><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u1edf b\u1ea3ng 2:<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 2: <\/span>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t cho s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

TT<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

T\u00ean nh\u00f3m<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n\u0110\u1ea5t d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng<\/i><\/td>\n\nC\u00e1c khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, c\u00e1c khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eadp trung\u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n\u0110\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n<\/i><\/td>\n\n\u0110\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai tr\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t tr\u1eafng, ru\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby canh t\u00e1c sau thu ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 che ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng sau khi ch\u00e1y ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u00e1i sinh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0o x\u1edbi, h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf\u2026.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n\u0110\u1ea5t ao h\u1ed3, m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i><\/td>\n\nC\u00e1c ao, h\u1ed3, s\u00f4ng su\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y, k\u00eanh m\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n\u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/i><\/td>\n\nC\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u00e1i sinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong khu v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n\u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng-l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p<\/i><\/td>\n\nT\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e1c khu canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng-l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\nCh\u01b0a ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/i><\/td>\n\nBao g\u1ed3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ef1c s\u00e2u, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ecb che ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u00e2y m\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong b\u1ea3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ki\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh.<\/p>\n

3.2. <\/i><\/b>M\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t sau n\u00e0y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf b\u1ea3ng 3:<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 3:<\/span><\/b><\/b>K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

T\u00ean nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

M\u00e0u s\u1eafc qui \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

M\u00e3 h\u00f3a (s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a)<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n\u0110\u1ea5t d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n\n

DC<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0110\u1ecf t\u01b0\u01a1i<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n\u0110\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n<\/td>\n\n

BD<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Da cam<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n\u0110\u1ea5t ao h\u1ed3, m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td>\n\n

WL<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Xanh s\u1eabm<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n\u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/td>\n\n

EF<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Xanh \u0111en<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n\u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng-l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n\n

AP<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Xanh ng\u1ecdc (n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\nCh\u01b0a ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/td>\n\n

UN<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

X\u00e1m<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

3.3. <\/i><\/b>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i:<\/i><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh LANDSAT cho v\u00f9ng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra \u1edf c\u1ea3 2 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1993, 1999. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf 2 b\u1ea3ng ma tr\u1eadn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean 4, 5 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 4:<\/span><\/b>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111<\/b>\u00e1<\/b>nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh LANDSAT 5 -TM ( 1993)<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/b>\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb: (%)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\n

Nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

UB<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

WL<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

BD<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

EF<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

AP<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

UN<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

T\u1ed5ng <\/b>\u0111<\/b>i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh so s\u00e1nh theo h\u00e0ng<\/b><\/p>\n

(Pixel)<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

UB<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

98,47<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,34<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.206<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

WL<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,52<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

93,54<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,03<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4.227<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n <\/p>\n

BD<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

0,48<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

1,30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

99,60<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

0,02<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

0,04<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

0,01<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

4.052<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

EF<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,03<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

94,19<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4,55<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,64<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5.644<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n

AP<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

0,07<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

0,07<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

0,18<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

4,83<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

95,36<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

0,13<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

9.984<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

UN<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,45<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3,55<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,96<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

99,19<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

10.672<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

T\u1ed5ng <\/b>\u0111<\/b>i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh so s\u00e1nh theo c\u1ed9t<\/b><\/p>\n

(Pixel)<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

7.257<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

4.475<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

3.969<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

5,419<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

10.165<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

10.500<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

41.785<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

B\u1ea3ng 5:<\/span><\/b>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111<\/b>\u00e1<\/b>nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh LANDSAT 7 +ETM ( 1999)<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/b>\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb: (%)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\n

Nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

UB<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

BD<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

EF<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

AP<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

WL<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

UN<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

T\u1ed5ng <\/b>\u0111<\/b>i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh so s\u00e1nh theo h\u00e0ng<\/b><\/p>\n

(Pixel)<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

UB<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

94,26<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5,46<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3,08<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,01<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.570<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

BD<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5,27<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

94,52<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,08<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4.741<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

EF<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

99,83<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,73<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,01<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.547<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

AP<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

0,02<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

0,08<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

98,27<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

0,03<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

4.390<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

WL<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,47<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

96,80<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.453<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

UN<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,08<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

98,43<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.917<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

T\u1ed5ng <\/b>\u0111<\/b>i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh so s\u00e1nh theo c\u1ed9t<\/b><\/p>\n

(Pixel)<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

7.514<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

4.578<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

2.368<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

4.462<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

7.569<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

8.037<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

34.618<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1edf 2 b\u1ea3ng 4,5 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u1ea3 2 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1993, 1999 \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t cao. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0, t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 93,54% \u0111\u1ebfn 99,60% cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1993 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb 94,26% \u0111\u1ebfn 99,83% cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1999 c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh.<\/p>\n

4. <\/b>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/b><\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0. \u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu sau:<\/p>\n

– Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, theo d\u00f5i di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t cho t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng, mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u1edbi cho vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/b><\/p>\n

1. Anderson, J. R., Hardy.E.E., Roach,J.T., and Whitmer,R.E: A land use and land cover classification system for use with remote sensor data. Geological Survey Professional Paper United State Geological Survey Circular,<\/i> 671: 41, 1976.<\/p>\n

2. ERDAS IMAGINE (v.8.5) Field Guide, Fifth Edition. ERDAS, Inc <\/i>Atlanta<\/i>, <\/i>Georgia<\/i>: 672, 2001.<\/p>\n

3. General statistical office of Vietnam: Statistical yearbook. Hanoi<\/i>statistical publishing house<\/i>: 599, 2001<\/p>\n

4. Laurance, W. F., and BrierregaardJr,R.O: Tropical Forest Remnants: Ecologys, management, and conservation of fragmented communities. The <\/i>University<\/i>of <\/i>Chicago<\/i>Press,<\/i>, 1997.<\/p>\n

5. Meaille, R., and Wald,L: Using Geographic Information System and Satellite imagery within a numerical simulation of regional urban growth. International Journal of Geographic Information systems., <\/i>4: 445-456, 1990.<\/p>\n

6. Paul, V. D. P., and Khiem,N.D: Land use in the Song Da Watershed ( North-West of Vietnam). Hanoi publishing house, <\/i>2: 54, 1993<\/p>\n

7. Steininger, M. K: Tropical secondary forest regrowth in the Amazon: age, area and change estimation with Thematic mapper data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, <\/i>17: 19-27, 1996.<\/p>\n

8. Trung, T. V: The plant carpet of Vietnamforests. Hanoi Publishing house<\/i>, 1973.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Summary<\/b>This study aimed at development of the land use classification system for use with remote sensor data in the Northern area of the Da river watershed, Vietnam. To achieve this goal, two LANDSAT images were used as the major data,these satellite images for this study were obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS),with Path\/Row as 128\/45 and cover about 66% of the whole study area. On the other hand, the classification system \u201cA land use and land cover system for use with remote sensor data \u201c by Anderson et al<\/i>. (1976) was used as a major reference to develop the land use classification system in the study area. Furthermore, some local documents were also used to define signatures.Based on the Anderson\u2019s classification system, the distinguish colors from the LANDSAT images, and local knowledge, a hierarchical structure for the land use classification system of the study area was developed and grouped into six major land use types are as developed land for construction; bare \u2013or-disturbed land; wetland, tropical evergreen forest land; agro and plantation forest land; and unrecognized area. Finally, checking accuracy of development of the land use classification system was performed based upon contingency matrix and signature separability methods to certify the result of the study.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n nay, vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Namm\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c trong khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u1ea3 quan cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[21],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/465"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=465"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/465\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11547,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/465\/revisions\/11547"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=465"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=465"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=465"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}