Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n T\u00fd<\/i><\/p>\nVi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i><\/h5>\n
C\u00e2y mu\u1ed3ng hoa ph\u00e1o (caliandra<\/i>) l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i, h\u1ecd Trinh n\u1eef c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Trung M\u1ef9 (Costa Rica, Guatemala . . . .) nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng Ch\u00e2u \u00e1 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u0103m 1936 , l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Caliandra<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf Indonexia \u0111\u1ec3 che b\u00f3ng cho c\u00e0 ph\u00ea.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb 1960, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t sau 1974 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf Indonexia \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7i, tr\u1ed3ng xen v\u1edbi c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hoa m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n
\u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tuy m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng Caliandra <\/i>t\u1ecf ra c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t, tr\u1ed3ng trong n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n gia s\u00fac.<\/p>\n
1. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh th\u00e1i<\/b><\/p>\n
C\u00e2y mu\u1ed3ng hoa ph\u00e1o (Caliandra Calothyrsus<\/i>), thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ee5 trinh n\u1eef (Mimosoidceae<\/i>). L\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n, c\u00e0nh, cao 4 – 6m, n\u01a1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao 12m v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 33cm. \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, hoa n\u1edf t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 11 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m sau hay mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n. Hoa c\u00f3 nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i, m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf t\u01b0\u01a1i nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c ph\u00e1o (n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 mu\u1ed3ng hoa ph\u00e1o).<\/p>\n
Caliandra<\/i>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t chua (pH=”5),” nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t s\u1ee3 \u00fang. \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam qua tr\u1ed3ng th\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y Caliandra <\/i>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 50-1000m \u1edf (Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh, S\u01a1n La) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a 1800 – 2000mm\/n\u0103m. V\u1edbi m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 d\u00e0i 5 – 6 th\u00e1ng(s\u00f4ng B\u00e9). T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Caliandra<\/i> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t chua, pH 4 – 4,5 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n
2. C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/b><\/p>\n
Caliandra <\/i>l\u00e0 c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eadu \u0111a t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
– L\u00e0m c\u1ee7i: S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1eeb 35 – 65m3<\/sup>\/ha\/n\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ed3i v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m li\u1ec1n. G\u1ed7 c\u1ee7i r\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc, nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t 4500 – 4750Kcalo\/kg.<\/p>\n Do ra ch\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, c\u00e0nh v\u1eeba \u0111un b\u1ebfp, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebb nh\u1ecf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u01b0a th\u00edch. Sau khi ch\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, ch\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ban \u0111\u1ea7u (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh = 3 – 5cm).<\/p>\n – C\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t: Caliandra <\/i>c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ed9ng sinh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u1edbi vi khu\u1ea9n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1m n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ed1ng s\u00f3i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t; l\u00e1 Caliandra<\/i> l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n xanh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu c\u1eaft l\u00e1 theo chu k\u1ef3 4 th\u00e1ng 1 l\u1ea7n th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 l\u00e1 xanh v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1m cao (4 – 4,5%). V\u00ec v\u1eady Caliandra<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng xen v\u1edbi ch\u00e8, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, hoa m\u00e0u v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n canh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u1ecf ho\u00e1. T\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 S\u01a1n La, sau 1,5 – 2 n\u0103m, th\u1ea3m c\u00e2y Caliandra<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1edbn m\u00e0 c\u00e2y keo d\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n – Th\u1ee9c \u0103n gia s\u00fac: R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Protein th\u00f4 trong l\u00e1 non \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 20 – 22%. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e1 xanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 46,2 t\u1ea5n\/ha\/n\u0103m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tanin trong l\u00e1 kh\u00e1 cao (10%) n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u00eau ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a gia s\u00fac. C\u00e1c s\u00fac v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 c\u1eebu, b\u00f2, d\u00ea, th\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00edch \u0103n l\u00e1 c\u00e2y n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00fac v\u1eadt ch\u00f3ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 cho ta th\u1ea5y tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t khi tr\u1ed9n 40 – 60% l\u00e1 Caliandra <\/i>v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c \u0103n.<\/p>\n Caliandra <\/i>c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t v\u1edbi 27% Protein v\u00e0 7% ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cao cho gia s\u00fac.<\/p>\n – C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c: Caliandra <\/i>r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u hoa v\u00e0 n\u1edf g\u1ea7n quanh n\u0103m. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eadt ong t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n tr\u1ed3ng Caliandra <\/i>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 1 t\u1ea5n\/ha\/n\u0103m. Hoa Caliandra <\/i>r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e2y c\u1ea3nh ngo\u00e0i ra, Caliandra <\/i>l\u00e0 c\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3 c\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecf.<\/p>\n 3. G\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd:<\/b><\/p>\n Trong 1kg h\u1ea1t Caliandra <\/i>c\u00f3 14 – 19 ng\u00e0n h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gieo. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng gieo h\u1ea1t th\u1eb3ng hay b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y th\u00e2n c\u1ee5t. N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng th\u00e2n c\u1ee5t th\u00ec n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2y cao 1m, c\u1eaft th\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i 30cm v\u00e0 20cm r\u1ec5. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 1m x 1m \u0111\u1ebfn 1m x 5m tu\u1ef3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. L\u00fac nh\u1ecf Caliandra <\/i>m\u1ecdc ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i. Khi \u0111\u00e3 cao 1,5-2m n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ecf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. L\u00fac m\u1edbi tr\u1ed3ng n\u00ean b\u00f3n m\u1ed9t \u00edt ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1m + l\u00e2n (5 – 10g\/c\u00e2y). N\u1ebfu l\u00e0m c\u1ee7i th\u00ec chu k\u1ef3 ch\u1eb7t kho\u1ea3ng 6 – 12 th\u00e1ng l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. G\u1ed1c ch\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i cao kho\u1ea3ng 0,5m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y l\u00e1 cho gia s\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n xanh th\u00ec t\u1eeb 2 – 4 th\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Caliandra l\u00e0:<\/p>\n – Tr\u1ed3ng xen che b\u00f3ng cho c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, ch\u00e8 v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 4 x 4m ho\u1eb7c 5 x 5m.<\/p>\n – Tr\u1ed3ng theo b\u0103ng tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eadc thang, v\u1edbi c\u1ef1 ly tr\u00ean b\u0103ng t\u1eeb 0,4 – 0,5m. Trong v\u1ee5 gieo tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y hoa m\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1n c\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m che b\u00f3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ed1c theo SAL1, SLA2.<\/p>\n – Tr\u1ed3ng lu\u00e2n canh trong canh t\u00e1c r\u1eaby. Sau v\u1ee5 ng\u00f4 hay l\u00faa cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gieo Caliandra <\/i>. Sau 3 – 4 n\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7i v\u00e0 gieo tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n – Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng c\u1ee7i \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh b\u0103ng hay ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 4000 – 8000 c\u00e2y\/ha. H\u00e0ng n\u0103m ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ed3i 1 – 2 l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n – Ngo\u00e0i ra Caliandra <\/i>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o quanh v\u01b0\u1eddn ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c l\u00f4 canh t\u00e1c c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n – S\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh: Ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho Caliandra. <\/i>Tuy v\u1eady m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t c\u00e2y Caliandra. <\/i><\/p>\n **************************************<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" C\u00e2y mu\u1ed3ng hoa ph\u00e1o (caliandra) l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i, h\u1ecd Trinh n\u1eef c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Trung M\u1ef9 (Costa Rica, Guatemala . . . .) nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng Ch\u00e2u \u00e1 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u0103m 1936 , l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Caliandra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf Indonexia \u0111\u1ec3 che b\u00f3ng cho c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. <\/p>\n T\u1eeb 1960, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t sau 1974 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf Indonexia \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7i, tr\u1ed3ng xen v\u1edbi c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hoa m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/308"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=308"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/308\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19356,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/308\/revisions\/19356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=308"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=308"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=308"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}