Cao L\u00e2m Anh <\/i><\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i><\/p>\n
Tuy ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u00e1 t\u1eadp trung \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u0103m bao c\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p: l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n<\/i>. Khi th\u1ef1c thi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch giao \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 02\/CP, \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho “t\u1eadp th\u1ec3” (t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n) qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1eebng. Th\u00ec l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng hay l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i bao tr\u00f9m h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1eafn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi r\u1eebng, c\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eeb r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n
Hi\u1ec1n L\u01b0\u01a1ng giao \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p cho h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1994. Tuy \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t xung y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 (c\u1ea5p s\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecf). M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c giao \u0111\u1ea5t giao r\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00ec “H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3” (HTX) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 49% t\u1ed5ng qu\u0129 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao. C\u00e1c HTX tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p s\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecf. (HTX \u0111\u1ee9ng ra k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kho\u00e1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n x\u00f3m v\u1edbi Ban QLRPH S\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 th\u00ec HTX thu 5% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n kho\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a x\u00f3m HTX \u0111\u1ee9ng ra \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh: Thu\u00ea chi h\u1ed9i c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh x\u00f3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, tr\u1ea3 500.000\u0111\u1ed3ng\/n\u0103m. Tr\u00edch 10% ti\u1ec1n kho\u00e1n l\u00e0m ph\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd HTX. S\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i chia \u0111\u1ec1u theo \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ed9 trong to\u00e0n x\u00f3m (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 x\u00e3 vi\u00ean).<\/p>\n
X\u00e3 Hi\u1ec1n L\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea7u. T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7, n\u1ee9a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh. C\u00e1c HTX \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i s\u01a1n tr\u00e0ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 v\u00e0o v\u1ee5 n\u00f4ng nh\u00e0n th\u00ec s\u1ed1 s\u01a1n tr\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng l\u00ean. G\u1ed7 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n cho l\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c doanh Tu L\u00fd. T\u1eeb khi n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1eadp l\u00f2ng h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t xung y\u1ebfu th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n ng\u1eebng h\u1eb3n, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9i s\u01a1n tr\u00e0ng tan r\u00e3, hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 l\u1eadu l\u1ebb t\u1ebb, \u1edf v\u00f9ng gi\u00e1p ranh .<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a x\u00f3m Doi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho 84 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh : 147 ha (g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng), giao cho t\u1eadp th\u1ec3: 70 ha r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n
X\u00f3m Doi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 1 HTX n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 tan r\u00e3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u; m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh HTX s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh \u0111a ngh\u1ec1. HTX c\u00f3 61 x\u00e3 vi\u00ean, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5: xay x\u00e1t ng\u00f4 l\u00faa, v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i thuy\u1ec1n, nu\u00f4i c\u00e1… C\u00e1c x\u00e3 vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng g\u00f3p v\u1ed1n c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n, ch\u1ec9 x\u00e3 vi\u00ean n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nh\u00f3m th\u00ec chung v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0103n chia theo v\u1ed1n g\u00f3p sau khi tr\u1eeb chi ph\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 qu\u0129.<\/p>\n
\u1edf Hi\u1ec1n L\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed7i x\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c x\u00f3m kh\u00e1c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, n\u00ean khi ng\u1eadp x\u00f3m c\u0169, d\u1eddi l\u00ean x\u00f3m m\u1edbi tr\u00ean n\u00fai th\u00ec ranh gi\u1edbi c\u0169 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi ranh gi\u1edbi x\u00f3m (l\u00e0ng M\u01b0\u1eddng), nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 nhau. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u1edf ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
Hi\u1ec7n nay, khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch giao \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00f3m.<\/i> R\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00f3m ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p s\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecf), nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u00e1n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Do th\u00f4n x\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 02\/CP n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y CNQSD \u0111\u1ea5t cho x\u00f3m.<\/p>\n
Qua t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o x\u00e3, x\u00f3m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i 1 s\u1ed1 r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do:<\/p>\n
\u00a7 R\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi) c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u00edt, \u1edf xa khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 kh\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 chia \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng cho c\u00e1c h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n
\u00a7 R\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a chung, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9 n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i mua b\u00e1n.<\/p>\n
\u00a7 \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc chung.<\/p>\n
Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7 r\u1eebng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 r\u1eebng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, (r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a HTX), nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00f3m, v\u00ec:<\/p>\n
– Th\u00f4n Doi c\u00f3 86 h\u1ed9 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 60 h\u1ed9 l\u00e0 x\u00e3 vi\u00ean h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3. M\u1ecdi h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong x\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n kho\u00e1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a x\u00f3m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a x\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7, n\u1ee9a l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u00e3 vi\u00ean HTX hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
– X\u00f3m tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng: x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qui \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng, x\u00e9t c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 l\u00e0m nh\u00e0. Khi x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00f3m huy \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng an x\u00f3m, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n tham gia ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n
V\u00ec v\u1eady, thay t\u1eeb “r\u1eebng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3” b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb “r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a x\u00f3m” (l\u00e0ng,b\u1ea3n) c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. X\u00e9t tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec x\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u1edbi r\u1eebng x\u00f3m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
\u00a7 Quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd (\u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ed9i qui, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, x\u1eed l\u00fd vi ph\u1ea1m)<\/p>\n
\u00a7 Quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u1ed7, l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n
\u00a7 C\u00e1c quy\u1ec1nkh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Khi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 th\u00f4n, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng x\u00f3m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n: chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1eeba k\u1ebf, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p, g\u00f3p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean doanh.<\/p>\n
R\u1eebng c\u1ee7a x\u00f3m \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho d\u00e2n: khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7, n\u1ee9a l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 gia d\u1ee5ng, gi\u1eef ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0103n. So v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng thu nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1edfi r\u1eebng cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai r\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00f3m s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1 s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 r\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00f3m mang l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec1 ra c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/b><\/p>\n
1. Ulrich Apel – Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/i> (1997; T\u00e1i b\u1ea3n 1999) D\u1ef1 \u00e1n LNXH S\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0<\/p>\n
2. Ulrich Apel v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t – Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0 – <\/i>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n LNXH S\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0 (12\/1998)<\/p>\n
3. J.R. Fisher and Pearmsak Makarabhirom – Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n LNXH S\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/i> (4\/1997)<\/p>\n
4. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n LNXH S\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0 – \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chung cho c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/i> (6\/1994)<\/p>\n
Management of community forest of Muong ethnic people in Doi hamlet, Hien Luong commune, Da Bac district, Hoa Binh province<\/b><\/p>\n
The implementation of the policy of forest land allocation to organizations, households and individuals creates favorable conditions for bringing about a step in the strong development of social forestry in mountainous regions and areas inhabited by the ethnic minority people. Besides household forestry there exists in reality a type of forestry concerning community forests as in Doi hamlet, Hien Luong commune. These community forests are rather popular and are called cooperative forests. In the current policy on land allocation (02CP) and Decision 163 dated 16\/11\/1999 of the government on allocation and hiring forest land to households and individuals for long – term use in forestry there is not mentioned yet the application of the policy on forest protection on contract with community forests. The existence of community forests in a real fact stemming from the tradition of Muong ethnic people, required by the present life and the aspiration of the people and is in agreement with the State policy thus is needs consideration to create a legal ground and have a policy formulated to maintain and develop versatile forms of forestry in our country.<\/p>\n
**********************************<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Tuy ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u00e1 t\u1eadp trung \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u0103m bao c\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p: l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n. Khi th\u1ef1c thi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch giao \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 02\/CP, \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho “t\u1eadp th\u1ec3” (t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n) qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/306"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=306"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/306\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19359,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/306\/revisions\/19359"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}